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Topic: Public Choice

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Public choice theory

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	Public Choice Theory, by Jane S. Shaw: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Public choice theory is a branch of economics that developed from the study of taxation and public spending.
		Public choice economists make the same assumption—that although people acting in the political marketplace have some concern for others, their main motive, whether they are voters, politicians, lobbyists, or bureaucrats, is self-interest.
		Public choice economists point out that this incentive to be ignorant is rare in the private sector.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/PublicChoiceTheory.html (2179 words)

	JBC - Public Choice Economics
		Choices are made by individuals, and these may be "private" or "public." A person makes private choices as he goes about the ordinary business of living.
		Public Choice is the intersection of these two disciplines; the institutions are those of political science, and the method is that of economic theory.
		Public Choice scholars are perhaps best characterized by their emphasis on comparative institutional analysis and, in particular, by their concentration on the necessary relationship between economic and political institutions.
	www.gmu.edu /jbc/aboutpubchoic.html (310 words)

	March 2002 Imprimis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The moral condemnation of public choice is centered on the presumed transference of this element of economic theory to political analysis.
		The public choice theorist should, of course, acknowledge that the strength and predictive power of the strict economic model of behavior is somewhat mitigated as the shift is made from private market to collective choice.
		Public choice, in its basic insights into the workings of politics, incorporates an understanding of human nature that differs little, if at all, from that of James Madison and his colleagues at the time of the American Founding.
	www.hillsdale.edu /newimprimis/2003/march/default.htm (3242 words)

	Public choice theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public choice theory is the use of modern economic tools to study problems of constitutional democracy, traditionally the province of political science.
		Public choice analysis has a strong root in positive analysis ("what is") but is used for normative purposes ("what ought to be") to identify a problem or suggest how the performance of the system could be improved by changes in constitutional rules (Tullock, 1987, pp.
		Public choice theory is commonly associated with universities in Virginia, most notably George Mason University, Virginia Tech, and the University of Virginia, where Tullock and Buchanan first worked in developing the theory, hence the Virginia school of political economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_choice (2519 words)

	Policy
		Public choice should be understood as a research programme rather than a discipline or even a sub-discipline of economics.
		The moral condemnation of public choice is centred on the presumed transference of this element of economic theory to political analysis.
		The public choice theorist should, of course, acknowledge that the strength and predictive power of the strict economic model of behaviour is somewhat mitigated as the shift is made from private market to collective choice.
	www.cis.org.au /Policy/spr03/polspr03-2.htm (3170 words)

	Public Choice Theory: Not the Whole Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		And public choice theorists take this view into the special area of understanding the behavior of public officials by asserting, as a corollary of general economic analysis, that not only do we do this as shoppers, bankers, merchants, corporate executives, brokers, and the like, but also as "public" servants.
		If public servants were to become convinced that the promotion of some popular project is indeed not a proper government activity in the first place, then despite what they might do in circumstances which are not governed by this "ideological" consideration, they could come to behave very differently from what public choice theory predicts.
		The reason this is obscured and why public choice theory is only now adjusting itself to the insight is that the welfare state is structurally incapable of facilitating the serving of a distinct public interest when it implies by its scope that no distinction between public and private concerns exists.
	www.libertyhaven.com /theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/publicchoice/publictheory.html (2769 words)

	Public Choice Theory
		Public Choice Theory is a body of theory developed by James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock to try to explain how public decisions are made.
		Public choice theorists then interpret the voting that does occur as evidence of irrationality of the public.
		This opened up a line of analysis in which political choices were to be based upon the position of the median voter.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/publicchoice.htm (1044 words)

	Milton & Rose D. Friedman Foundation: About School Choice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Allowing all parents whose children attend public schools identified as failing to direct funds set aside for education by the government to a better performing public, private or religious school of their choice.
		Charter schools are public, government-operated schools that offer their organizers exemption from many state regulations in exchange for the guarantee that they will meet certain performance standards.
		Public school funding is not affected by this program, except in the benefits individual schools receive from taxpayer contributions.
	www.friedmanfoundation.org /schoolchoice/index.html (4158 words)

	[No title]
		Public School Choice Introduction When schools do not meet State targets for improving the achievement of all students, parents need to have better options, including the option to send their child to another school.
		Public school choice is a critical component of (NCLB because it offers a student enrolled in a Title I school that is in need of improvement an opportunity to attend another school, even as his or her original school is undergoing improvement.
		The choice to attend another public school is available to all students enrolled in schools that are in their first year of school improvement status and for subsequent years that the school remains identified for improvement.
	www.ed.gov /policy/elsec/guid/schoolchoiceguid.doc (11277 words)

	Rent-Seeking, Public Choice, and The Prisoner's Dilemma
		The public money and public liberty...will soon be discovered to be sources of wealth and dominion to those who hold them; distinguished, too, by this tempting circumstance, that they are the instrument, as well as the object of acquisition.
		In a classic Public Choice strategy, however, this may mollify the many, even while continuing to provide the political rents for its own constituency, a constituency that includes everyone who sympathizes with the "compassion" of welfare, even if they are not on it.
		Nevertheless, the basic insight of both rent-seeking and Public Choice theory is already evident in the Thomas Jefferson quote at the beginning of this essay.
	www.friesian.com /rent.htm (3941 words)

	Public Choice, Public Goods, andConstitutions
		Public goods are not important for our purposes, since we are concerned at this stage with constructing an image of the supply of private goods through the market economy.
		A public goods' based Public Choice begins by assuming that members of a collective believe that some public goods and factors will not be discovered and some discovered public goods will not be produced in the collectively desired quantities unless appraisers and producers are provided with special incentives.
		Thus, the fundamental problems we face in Public Choice, as defined here, are those of (1) identifying the means of providing incentives to produce public goods that members of the collective in a market economy would think up and (2) determining how the members would view the benefits and costs of employing these means.
	www.constitution.org /pd/gunning/demo/workpape/pbchpbgd.htm (10390 words)

	Introduction to Public Choice Theory
		It is the behaviour of public sector bureaucrats which is at the heart of public choice theory.
		Public Choice theorists attempt to examine the system of government in which the people governed define their government by means of a constitution.
		Public Choice has much to say about the use of rent-seeking, which is the act of obtaining special treatment by the government at the expense of the rest of us.
	perspicuity.net /sd/pub-choice.html (2321 words)

	Article \| Choice Helps Public Schools
		Public schools don't want to lose students, and the revenue they generate, to private schools.
		But when school choice is available, the only way for a public school to keep its students from leaving is to provide better educational services.
		School choice puts parents, not school administrators, in the driver’s seat, and that's good for students in all schools, public and private.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/_nys-choice_helps.htm (836 words)

	Amazon.com: The Encyclopedia of Public Choice: Books: Charles K. Rowley,Friedrich Schneider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Professors Rowley and Schneider are major contributors to the public choice literature, and they have combined their talents and insights in this project to produce a work on public choice that will rank as a classic in the field.
		The coverage of subject matter is extensive and excellent, the individual contributors are well known scholars in the field, and these men and women have framed their papers not simply as surveys of a particular aspect of public choice theory or practice but as original contributions in their own right.
		The Encyclopedia of Public Choice promises to become a reference work of lasting value for students of economics, sociology and political science, academicians, policymakers and observers of the public policy process.
	www.amazon.com /Encyclopedia-Public-Choice-Charles-Rowley/dp/0792386078 (1053 words)

	Meaningful Public School Choice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The school choice option is being offered for the second year, but this is the first time the federal government has required school districts to provide transportation for students to get to their new schools.
		The only way to give parents true public school choice is to actually open up all public schools in a geographic region until the point they are filled to capacity.
		The bottom line is that for public school choice to be meaningful, school districts must offer parents the most public school choices possible.
	www.rppi.org /publicschoolchoice.html (1002 words)

	FloridaChild \| FAQ \| Public School Choice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		School choice is the practice of allowing parents to choose from among a variety of schools.
		In Florida, "controlled open enrollment" means a public education delivery system that allows school districts to make student school assignments using parents' indicated preferential school choice as a significant factor.
		The idea behind school choice is that the competition for students among schools may increase the quality of educational services.
	www.floridachild.org /aapubscochoice.html (541 words)

	TN Department of Education:K-12
		Public school choice offers children who are enrolled in a school that does not meet targets for improving achievement the option to enroll in another school that is meeting the targets.
		No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) requires that students enrolled in high priority Title I schools be given the opportunity to transfer as soon his or her school is identified as high priority and until the school no longer has this designation.
		State law (Tennessee Code Annotated [TCA] 49-1-602) mandates that public school choice be offered in non-Title I high priority schools after the fourth year in and subsequent years of not making Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) to students belonging to the subgroup or subgroups not meeting the standards for AYP.
	www.state.tn.us /education/fedprog/fpschlchoice.shtml (299 words)

	Choice (Java 2 Platform SE v1.4.2)
		The current choice is displayed as the title of the menu.
		Pushing the mouse button down on the object causes a menu to appear with the current choice highlighted.
		By default, the first item added to the choice menu becomes the selected item, until a different selection is made by the user by calling one of the
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/java/awt/Choice.html (956 words)

	Prisoner's Dilemma & Public Choice Theory
		It addresses that class of situations in which there is a fundamental conflict between what is a rational choice for an individual member of a group and for the group as a whole.
		Understanding Democracy: An Introduction to Public Choice, J. Patrick Gunning — Textbook on public choice theory for economists and political scientists that is accessible to laypersons.
		Public Choice Theory, Morgan Reynolds, Professor of Economics, Texas A and M University.
	www.constitution.org /pd/pd.htm (640 words)

	Public Choice Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In general, Public Choice can be viewed as a field of interest to both economists and political scientists who are interested in theoretical rigor, statistical testing, and applications to real-world problems.
		North American authors may submit manuscripts to: Public Choice Editorial Office, P.O. Box 230, Accord, MA 02018-0230, U.S.A. Complete instructions to authors are included on this web-page.
		Compliance with Public Choice 'Instructions to authors' will be required before manuscript is finally accepted for publication.
	www.thelockeinstitute.org /publicchoice.html (207 words)

	AYPF Forum Brief - Public School Choice vs. Private School Vouchers
		Whether the vehicle of choice is magnet schools, charter schools, or vouchers for private schools, advocates of choice seek to improve the public school system by allowing students to pick among several competing education providers.
		Within this public choice plan, each school would have a focus or theme such as arts education or computer technology to attract students from diverse racial and economic backgrounds who are interested in the theme.
		Kahlenberg argues that public school choice could address these issues as well and that the if schools are integrated by class at an early age, socio-economic tensions diminish over time.
	www.aypf.org /forumbriefs/2001/fb060801.htm (1016 words)

	Amazon.com: Public Choice II: A Revised Edition of Public Choice (Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Separate chapters discuss various applied public choice questions such as rent seeking, the growth of government, the rise and decline of nations, political business cycles, why people vote, and the nature and extent of redistribution.
		It is appropriate for both graduate and undergraduate courses in public choice economics and political theory, or as a supplement in courses dealing with related questions such as public finance.
		This may or may not be as good as the same author's "Perspectives on Public Choice" but it does cover most issue areas in the Public Choice subdiscipline in the course of its sections.
	www.amazon.com /Public-Choice-II-Cambridge-Literature/dp/0521379520 (1021 words)

	NCLB Action Briefs: Public School Choice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For NCLB public school choice to be meaningful, it is critical that the community and parents be involved, along with other stakeholders, in the development of the choice plan and that parents receive information in a timely fashion about their school choice options.
		Given that schools must communicate with parents in languages and formats they can understand, it is critical that community and parent leaders have open channels of communications so that they are equipped with the information they need to provide support to parents in Title I schools.
		Most particularly, community leaders need to be informed about the NCLB choice provisions, the number of schools identified as being in the public school choice program, the district policy regarding choice and if it is fair and equitable.
	www.publiceducation.org /portals/nclb/choice/community.asp (150 words)

	Title I No Child Left Behind / Public School Choice
		However, if all public schools served by the district are in school improvement, corrective action, or restructuring, the district must try to establish a cooperative agreement with other districts to provide students the option to transfer to another public school.
		All children attending schools identified for school improvement, corrective action, or restructuring are eligible to exercise public school choice, but districts must give priority to low-income students (as defined by the district) if it is not possible to serve all students.
		As public schools, charter schools are subject to the same accountability and testing requirements, but state authorized chartering agencies, as established by state law, are responsible for ensuring charter schools are meeting the requirements and being held accountable.
	www.projectappleseed.org /nclbchoice.html (1024 words)

	School Choice in Public Education and School Systems - The Public School Parents Network
		We hear about school vouchers, school choice and the "No Child Left Behind Act" but what does it all mean to you as a parent of a child within the public school system.
		Many questions about school choice will have to be answered by your local board of education, but the links on these pages are designed to help you understand what the options are, the pros and cons to those options and whether or not they are available in your state.
		Public school choice must be provided unless state law prohibits it.
	www.psparents.net /school_choice.htm (517 words)

	Java 2 Platform SE v1.3.1: Class Choice
		Some native platforms do not support arbitrary resizing of Choice components and the behavior of setSize()/getSize() is bound by such limitations.
		Native GUI Choice components' size are often bound by such attributes as font size and length of items contained within the Choice.
		Returns the parameter string representing the state of this choice menu.
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.3/docs/api/java/awt/Choice.html (705 words)

	Public Choice Society
		The first world meeting of the Public Choice Societies will be held from March 29 to April 1, 2007, at the Amsterdam School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam.
		The Public Choice Societies unite scientists from a variety of disciplines who are interested in scientific research on the economics and politics of public and nonmarket decision-making, political economy, and the economics of institutions.
		Please consider renewing your membership to the Public Choice Society, or joining if you are not already a member.
	www.pubchoicesoc.org (622 words)

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