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Topic: Public domain

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	Public domain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
		Although the only part of the act that does mention "public domain" does not speak to whether authors have the right to dedicate their work to the public domain, the remainder of the committee report does not say that they intended copyright should be an indestructible form of property.
		However, once it is disclosed to the public, the former secret enters public domain, although an invention using the former secret may still be patentable in the United States if it is not barred by statute (including the on-sale bar)[3].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_domain (7251 words)

	Wikipedia:Public domain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, being in the public domain in its home country does not automatically mean that the work was also in the public domain in the U.S. Wherever these country-specific tags are used, they should be accompanied by a rationale explaining why the image is thought to be in the public domain in the U.S., too.
		Since works that have entered the public domain in their country of origin prior to January 1, 1996 are not eligible to this copyright restoration, such works remain in the public domain in the U.S. This, however, is valid only in cases where the U.S. federal copyright law (17 USC) applies.
		The illustrations were in the public domain, and the court found that the act of rendering them with bolder and more vibrant colors was not an original contribution sufficient to remove the restored works from the public domain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain (9508 words)

	Wikipedia:Public domain image resources - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are a number of sources of public domain images on the Web.
		The presence of a resource on this list does not guarantee that all or any of the images in it are in the public domain.
		There are thousands upon thousands of PD images to be had, with a wee bit of legwork and a modicum of serendipity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_domain_image_resources (656 words)

	Public domain definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
		Public domain refers to the total absence of copyright protection for a creative work (such as a book, painting, photograph, movie, poem, article, piece of music, product design or computer program).
		Public domain works (i.e., works in the public domain) are considered to be a part of the public's cultural heritage, and thus anybody is entitled to make use of them for any purpose, including copying, modifying and even selling, including with a restrictive license such as a EULA (end user license agreement).
		It differs from public domain software in that the copyright is retained by the creator (or to whomever the creator transfers it) and the name of the creator and original copyright notice must appear on all redistributions of such software and derivatives thereof.
	www.bellevuelinux.org /publicdomain.html (1119 words)

	UC Copyright
		The public domain is generally defined as consisting of works that are either ineligible for copyright protection or with expired copyrights.
		Public domain works and information represent some of the most critical information that faculty members and students rely upon.
		Public domain works can serve as the foundation for new creative works and can be quoted extensively.
	www.universityofcalifornia.edu /copyright/publicdomain.html (794 words)

	Copyright Information: COPYRIGHTS at the University of Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When a work is "in the public domain," it belongs to the public as a whole; it is a work that is not protected by the bundle of exclusive rights of authors or owners under copyright law.
		The rules for determining whether a protected work is in the public domain are set out in chart form by Lolly Gasaway.
		It is no longer related to a date of publication, but rather runs for 70 years from the date the author dies (called "life of the author" plus 70 years).
	www.copyright.umich.edu /public-domain.html (459 words)

	Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States
		Unpublished works when the death date of the author is not known may still be copyrighted, but certification from the Copyright Office that it has no record to indicate whether the person is living or died less than 70 years before is a complete defense to any action for infringement.
		Presumption as to the author's death requires a certified report from the Copyright Office that its records disclose nothing to indicate that the author of the work is living or died less than seventy years before.
		The court in Twin Books, however, concluded "publication without a copyright notice in a foreign country did not put the work in the public domain in the United States." According to the court, these foreign publications were in effect "unpublished" in the US, and hence have the same copyright term as unpublished works.
	www.copyright.cornell.edu /training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm (2822 words)

	Categories of Free and Non-Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		If the source code is in the public domain, that is a special case of non-copylefted free software, which means that some copies or modified versions may not be free at all.
		Meanwhile, most free software is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted, and the copyright holders have legally given permission for everyone to use it in freedom, using a free software license.
		Sometimes people use the term ``public domain'' in a loose fashion to mean ``free'' or ``available gratis.'' However, ``public domain'' is a legal term and means, precisely, ``not copyrighted''.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/categories.html (2471 words)

	Current Issues and Resources: Public Domain - UMUC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Boyle, J. The second enclosure movement and the construction of the public domain.
		Ashcroft and the demise of the public domain.
		Rich, L. The Public Domain and the Impact of New Legislation.
	www.umuc.edu /distance/odell/cip/links_pubdomain.html (2142 words)

	Reclaim the Public Domain Petition
		We, the undersigned, while believing in the importance of copyright, also believe in the importance of the public domain.
		We believe the public domain is crucial to the spread of knowledge and culture, and crucial in assuring access to our past.
		The Reclaim the Public Domain Petition to Members of the United States Congress was created by and written by Lauren Gelman.
	www.petitiononline.com /eldred/petition.html (580 words)

	Union for the Public Domain \|
		The first meeting of the WIPO Provisional Committee for Proposals Related to a Development Agenda (PCDA) meets from 20 February to 24 February 2006 in Geneva and Judit Rius Sanjuan is representing Union for the Public Domain.
		UPD board member Shyamkrishna Balganesh is representing Union for the Public Domain in Geneva for this week's Development Agenda meeting.
		Union for the Public Domain and several other groups have relied on ad hoc accreditation in order to stand up for the public domain, advise countries, and transmit notes on negotiations over the WIPO Broadcasters' Treaty.
	www.public-domain.org /?q=node&from=1 (1410 words)

	Public Domain (2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I caught "Public Domain" one afternoon, and I was not disappointed.
		The winner of "Public Domain" receives $50 000 in "cold, hard cash" for simply having the most miserable life.
		What is so striking about "Public Domain" is the fact that it is so similar to our society.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0382923 (593 words)

	Creative Commons Public Domain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Certifier recognizes that his good faith efforts may not shield him from liability if in fact the work certified is not in the public domain.
		Dedicator makes this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of the Dedicator's heirs and successors.
		Dedicator recognizes that, once placed in the public domain, the Work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, used, modified, built upon, or otherwise exploited by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and in any way, including by methods that have not yet been invented or conceived.
	creativecommons.org /licenses/publicdomain (197 words)

	Copyright and Public Domain Music
		But you cannot just "know" a song is in the public domain or just "see" the name of the song in a book or on a list.
		Works published in the United States with a copyright date of 1922 or earlier are in the public domain in the United States.
		Copyright protection may be 95 years from publication date, 50 to 70 years after the death of the last surviving author, or other criteria depending on where the work was first published and how the work is to be used.
	www.pdinfo.com /copyrt.htm (905 words)

	Policy Blog \| Public Knowledge
		Public Knowledge is a Washington DC based advocacy group working to defend your rights in the emerging digital culture.
		The public is left in the middle, unhappy with some of the music licensing provisions, yet excited about the prospect of orphan works relief.
		He was referring, of course, to the fact that broadcasters are exempt from paying the recording labels a public performance royalty.
	www.publicknowledge.org (2648 words)

	Christian Theological Seminary
		All of the images in the Christian Theological Image Library are in the public domain.
		They were scanned from out of copyright books, or photographs by individuals who offer their work to the public.
		These images are not in the public domain, and are being used by students and faculty of CTS exclusively for fair use educational purposes.
	www.cts.edu /ImageLibrary/Public_domain.cfm (140 words)

	Public Domain Music
		Music and lyrics written by an American author and published in 1922 or earlier are in the Public Domain in the United States.
		No one can claim ownership of a song in the public domain, therefore public domain songs may be used by everyone.
		However, the song remains in the public domain, and anyone else can also make and copyright their own version of the same PD song.
	www.pdinfo.com (511 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Public domain
		The public domain began to receive widespread attention after David Lange's seminal law review article, "Recognizing the Public Domain," which was published in volume forty-four of Law & Contemporary Problems in 1981.
		However, once it is disclosed to the public, the former secret enters public domain, although an invention using the former secret may still be patentable in the United States if it is not barred by statute (including the on-sale bar)
		Xerox was also successful in avoiding its name becoming synonymous with the act of photocopying (although, in some languages (Russian) & countries (like India), it became generic).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Public_domain (7017 words)

	PD MusicWorks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Public Domain Music Works represents the fruits of tens-of-thousands of hours of research in the US Copyright Office, Library of Congress and a host of other research centers.
		Presented in a convenient, user-friendly, fully searchable database of PD music, the editors of Public Domain Report unveil this outstanding research tool built upon the largest PD music database on the web.
		The new PD Music Works is designed to be your one-stop, authoritative resource for finding the most outstanding works of music in the US public domain.
	www.pubdomain.com (267 words)

	Public Domain Registry \| Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Domains cannot begin or end in a hyphen and cannot have two hyphens in a row.
		You and your customers can further define how you want the whois output to look on a per domain name basis.
		You and your customers can apply contact information changes to a single or multiple domain names at a go.
	www.publicdomainregistry.com (232 words)

	LibriVox » Public Domain
		LibriVox takes texts already in the public domain, asks volunteers to make audio recordings of that text, and then releases the resulting audio back into the public domain.
		Although these examples are far-fetched, they are all acceptable uses of public domain materials.
		So be aware of what you are doing when you free your recordings and text into the public domain.
	librivox.org /public-domain (369 words)

	ALA \| Public Domain Enhancement Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Copyright owners who wish to avail themselves of the additional 20 years of protection would be required simply to pay a $1 fee 50 years after the work was published and every ten years thereafter.
		It is estimated that after 50 years from the time of publication, 98% of copyrighted materials are no longer providing any economic benefit to the copyright holders.
		The latter provision is especially crucial to libraries, archives and the public as it would provide a single database that could be easily searched to determine whether or not a particular work remains under copyright protection or is in the public domain.
	www.ala.org /ala/washoff/WOissues/copyrightb/pdea/publicdomain.htm (377 words)

	Official Google Blog: Preserving public domain books
		One of our goals for Google Print is to change that, and today we've taken an exciting step toward meeting it: making available a number of public domain books that were never subject to copyright or whose copyright has expired.
		From Stanford's collection, there are government documents detailing what the Fiftieth U.S. Congress spent money on in 1888, or the results of investigations into the fur-seal and other fisheries in Alaska.
		If you're interested in other projects that make public domain books available, check out the Million Book Project's The Universal Library in the U.S. and in China, and their Digital Library of India as well as Project Gutenberg's public domain catalog of books.
	googleblog.blogspot.com /2005/11/preserving-public-domain-books.html (342 words)

	SQLite Copyright (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In order to keep SQLite complete free and unencumbered by copyright, other contributors to the SQLite code base are asked to likewise dedicate their contributions to the public domain.
		We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and successors.
		We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights this code under copyright law.
	www.sqlite.org /copyright.html (301 words)

	FAQ: How Can I Tell Whether a Book Can Go Online?
		Works never published prior to 2003 (and never registered for copyright prior to 1978) are now in the public domain in the US if they are by authors who died more than 70 years before the most recent New Year's day.
		The public domain, in turn, is a rich source of material that people can freely read, retell, perform, and distribute, and that authors can use to produce new creative works.
		Eventually, Disney's movie will in turn enter the public domain, and the images, dialogues and songs of the movie will be freely usable in yet more creative works-- or be freely used by schools and camps to help encourage kids to sing, draw, and eventually create new works in their own right.
	onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu /okbooks.html (3811 words)

	Public Domain Movie Torrents with PDA iPod Divx PSP versions
		I am told they are not in the public domain and they have therefore been removed from this site.
		Works become part of the public domain, meaning no longer OWNED by their creators, when they reach a certain age and/or when the original creator/owner does not renew their copyright.
		If you believe something listed here is NOT public domain, but is owned by you or your client(s) click HERE
	www.publicdomaintorrents.com (374 words)

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