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Topic: Public domain (land)

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	Public Lands - MSN Encarta
		Public Lands, in United States law, term designating largely vacant and unappropriated lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) of the United States Department of the Interior.
		Land warrants were purchased for a mere fraction of their face value by speculators.
		Grants of public lands were awarded by Congress to encourage the construction of canals, wagon roads, and railroads, and to reclaim swamplands.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572288/Public_Lands.html (967 words)

	The Public Land Survey System (PLSS)
		All lands in the public domain are subject to subdivision by this rectangular system of surveys, which is regulated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
		A typical French arpent land division is 2 to 4 arpents wide along the river by 40 to 60 arpents deep, while the Spanish arpent land divisions tend to be 6 to 8 arpents wide by 40 arpents deep.
		The Land Ordinance of 1785 which provided for the systematic survey and monumentation of public domain lands, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 which established a rectangular survey system designed to facilitate the transfer of Federal lands to private citizens, were the beginning of the PLSS.
	nationalatlas.gov /articles/boundaries/a_plss.html (1631 words)

	Taking The Mystery Out of Land Records-Public Domain States-Sec 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		All of the land owned by the government is called Public Domain Land and all of the states other than the original colonies, Tennessee and Hawaii were carved out of the Public Domain.
		The news of the Land Act and the procedures for applying for warrants moved from D.C. outward throughout the colonies and scattered settlements.
		After the decision was made by the government to open an area of land surveyors were sent to the area and their job was to survey the land in mile squares, place section markers at the four corners of the square and draw up a plat of the area surveyed.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~haas/land/publicdomain01.html (1937 words)

	Citizen Tool Box-Public Land History
		Public lands could still be sold in tacts no smaller than 640 acres, and the minimun price was raised to $2.00 an acre.
		Claims for metallic minerals on about 20 acres of public lands were filed under this act, which legalized the appropriation of such lands for mining purposes much un accordance with local procedures established established during the California gold rush which, in turn, were based on earlier Spanish mining laws of the early Southwest.
		Those lands classiffied for retention and "interim management" during the life of the study were to be managed under the principles of muliple use and sustained yeild.
	www.nplnews.com /toolbox/history/publiclandhistory.htm (9360 words)

	About BLM - Public Land History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Public domain lands northwest of the Ohio River were to be surveyed into 36-square mile townships, and sold at no less than $1 per acre in tracts no smaller than 640 acres.
		Land could be bought for $1.25 per acre and tracts as small as 80 acres could be purchased.
		This identified mineral lands as a distinct class of public lands subject to exploration, occupation and purchase under certain conditions.
	www.blm.gov /eso/kids_new/aboutblm/pages/publdhis.html (1377 words)

	Public Lands Museum
		In the early decades of the United States Congress viewed the Public Domain as a munificent bounty to be given away, or to be sold to raise revenue for the nation's cash-starved treasury and to reward soldiers who had served in the Continental Army.
		Territories were carved out of public lands; upon admission to the union, the new states waived all claim to the Public Domain within their boundaries.
		At the onset of my administration I was confronted with overwhelming evidences that the public domain was being made the prey of unscrupulous speculation and the worst form of land monopoly through systematic frauds carried on and consummated under the public land laws.
	www.publiclands.org /museum/story/story08.htm (953 words)

	The Public Land Survey System (PLSS)
		All lands in the public domain are subject to subdivision by this rectangular system of surveys, which is regulated by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
		The Land Ordinance of 1785 which provided for the systematic survey and monumentation of public domain lands, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 which established a rectangular survey system designed to facilitate the transfer of Federal lands to private citizens, were the beginning of the PLSS.
		Land Grant—A land grant is an area of land to which title was conferred by a predecessor government and confirmed by the U.S Government after the territory in which it is situated was acquired by the United States.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /articles/boundaries/a_plss.html (1631 words)

	Green Scissors 2001 BLM's Public Domain Forestry Program
		Most of the proceeds from public domain timber sales are earmarked by the BLM for other purposes such as irrigation.
		Public domain lands consist largely of "scrub brush" forests that serve as important ecological buffers between grazing lands and upland forests.
		Because existing forests are not timber dense, an average of nine acres must be harvested on the public domain to equal the yield from one acre of prime forested land.
	www.greenscissors.org /publiclands/publicdomainforestrypr.htm (523 words)

	Public Lands Museum
		Public lands include within their boundaries not only state owned lands but also private "inholdings," the result of, among other things, various land laws which allowed settlement on forest and desert lands.
		Agencies, the BLM in particular, have identified small parcels of public lands surrounded by private property, adjacent to municipalities, or otherwise not deemed worth keeping as lands that should be sold to private interests.
		There are those who think that public lands should not be sold, only exchanged in order not to decrease the public's lands; there are also those who feel that there is too much public land and that much of it should be transferred to states or sold to private interests.
	www.publiclands.org /museum/story/story12.htm (913 words)

	Arizona State Land Department \| Historical Overview
		Endowment of public lands for educational purposes was a practice established by the Northwest Ordinance in 1787.
		While public use of Trust land is not prohibited, it is regulated to ensure protection of the land and reimbursement to the beneficiaries for its use.
		Land exchanges in the 1935-1985 era relocated most of the school section lands out of the western deserts and into areas close to Phoenix and Tucson and into better grazing lands in such areas as western Yavapai County.
	www.land.state.az.us /history.htm (1135 words)

	The New American - History of Federal Land Control - January 18, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Any discussion of government (public domain) land, private property rights, and their historical development in the United States must be prefaced with the observation that it was the promise of private land ownership — farms, businesses, homes — that drew early colonists to the shores of America.
		The General Land Office, a bureau of the Treasury Department, was charged with administering the sale of land, but many individuals and families settled beyond the paperwork and became known as "squatters." The only way "possession becomes nine-tenths of the law" is if the sovereign (rightful owner) accedes.
		States with significant public domain are at a distinct disadvantage because, of course, the federal government does not pay property tax and enterprises which are fortunate enough to produce something on government land pay the owner a fee of one sort or another for the privilege.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/1999/01-18-99/landcontrol.htm (1790 words)

	Federal Lands are the Public's Land!
		Millions of acres of federal public lands were given to railroad companies to develop transportation routes and communities, to farmers and ranchers for agriculture, to miners for finding valuable minerals, and loggers for timber to build cities still in their infancy.
		Public lands are used in the production of oil, gas, coal, hardrock minerals, timber, and livestock in addition to being used for roads, power and gas lines, and communication facilities just to mention a few.
		Likewise, the Public lands are an environmental treasure house for recreation and wildlife and scenic wonder from desert to seacoast, mountain top to prairie, grassland to forest -- a shared heritage for now and the future.
	nevada.sierraclub.org /conservation/publands/publiclands.html (781 words)

	Alaska Refuges - Realty - Land Acquisition
		Lands acquired by the Fish and Wildlife Service that are owned by Alaskan Native Corporations or Alaskan Native Allottees will result in the conversion of the lands to revenue sharing status.
		Payments of purchased land are based on the greatest of: ¾ of 1 percent of the fair market value; 25 percent of net receipts; or $.75 per acre.
		Public domain land (has never been on the tax rolls) continues to share on the basis of 25 percent of net receipts.
	alaska.fws.gov /nwr/realty/land/faq.htm (563 words)

	Public Lands
		The Congress of the Confederation opted for a policy of orderly land settlement with the adoption of the Land Ordinance of 1785.
		The public lands (or public domain) are that part of the United States acquired by the Federal Government from the States or another government, by treaty and by purchase.
		The land was disposed of by the authority of many acts of Congress - sale, homesteads, military warrants for military service, timber culture, mining, etc. One of the primary purposes of these public land laws was to encourage people from the East to move West.
	members.cox.net /pittard/publand.htm (2035 words)

	Illinois Public Domain Land Tract Sales Database
		Land sales from the public domain were recorded by field employees of the U.S. General Land Office, state and local officials, and clerks of the Illinois Central Railroad.
		Sales of federal lands resulted in land patents being issued at a later date by the U.S. General Land Office; patents for lands donated by the federal government to the state (i.e., school, saline, seminary, canal, and other internal improvement lands) were issued by the state.
		Lands donated to the Illinois Central Railroad never were conveyed by patents; clerks for that company executed deeds for those land sales.
	www.sos.state.il.us /departments/archives/data_lan.html (1159 words)

	Public domain (land) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public domain is a term used to describe lands that were not under private or state ownership during the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States, as the country was expanding.
		These lands were obtained from the 13 original colonies, from Native American tribes, or from purchase from other countries.
		The domain was controlled by the federal government and sold to state and private interests over time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_domain_(land) (157 words)

	Illinois Public Domain Land Tract Sales Database
		Land sales from the public domain were recorded by field employees of the U.S. General Land Office, state and local officials, and clerks of the Illinois Central Railroad.
		Sales of federal lands resulted in land patents being issued at a later date by the U.S. General Land Office; patents for lands donated by the federal government to the state (i.e., school, saline, seminary, canal, and other internal improvement lands) were issued by the state.
		Lands donated to the Illinois Central Railroad never were conveyed by patents; clerks for that company executed deeds for those land sales.
	www.cyberdriveillinois.com /departments/archives/data_lan.html (1159 words)

	Genealogists/Family Historians - Land Records
		The land records that are generally of most interest to genealogists are the land entry case files.
		For land records in the remaining 20 states that were never part of the original public domain, check the State Archives for that particular state.
		Land patents are the legal documents that transferred land ownership from the U.S. Government to individuals.
	www.archives.gov /genealogy/land/index.html (739 words)

	Schroeder (1994) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		By relating the legal location recorded in the land office documents with information digitized from modern topographic maps it is possible to produce various maps reflecting, for example, earliest or last date of entry per section, or average date per section.
		Since the pattern of land entries reflects the spatial pattern of frontier development and settlement, this application of the data allows a view of the history of Illinois never before possible.
		The Public Domain land records for Illinois, are online at the the Illinois State Archives.
	www.museum.state.il.us /research/GISlab/posters/schroeder1994.html (344 words)

	Fargo, N.D., History Exhibition, Institute for Regional Studies, NDSU
		North Dakota and South Dakota are among the 30 states that were formed from the "public domain." Below is a summary of the key methods used to obtain land from the government in Dakota Territory.
		Western land squatters asked Congress to grant them the right of pre-empting their claims in advance of the land sale so they would not be obliged to bid for them against speculators.
		The Homestead Act, passed in 1862, opened millions of acres in the public domain for settlement.The passage of the Homestead Act by Congress in 1862 was the culmination of more than 70 years of controversy over the disposition of public lands.
	www.fargo-history.com /early/land.htm (1570 words)

	U.S. Public Lands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Territory was created by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 from lands that had been ceded to the fledgling U.S. government by Virginia and some other states.
		The relevant documents are the Land Ordinance of May 20, 1785, and the Land Ordinance of May 18, 1796.
		The requirements for acquiring public land were eased over a period of years, culminating in the Homestead Act of 1862 which made it possible to get title to land for free provided that the land was improved and occupied by the claimholder.
	www.directlinesoftware.com /public.htm (288 words)

	Family History Guide--Land Records
		Records include the original land transactions for the western counties of Minnesota bordering on North Dakota, and scattered counties of South Dakota and Wisconsin.
		A study basic to the understanding of the federal survey of public domain lands and its relationship to the history of the Upper Mid-west.
		ONTARIO LAND RECORD INDEX (OGL #848) is a microfiched computerized listing of original land holders in Ontario, Canada dating primarily from grants issued to United Empire Loyalists in the 1780's to those issued to veterans of the Boer War, 1899-1902.
	www.und.nodak.edu /dept/library/Collections/Famhist/land.html (365 words)

	Public domain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If an item ("work") is not in the public domain, this may be the result of a proprietary interest such as a copyright, patent, or other sui generis right.
		Mathematical formulas will therefore generally form part of the public domain, to the extent that their expression in the form of software is not covered by copyright; however, algorithms can be the subject of a software patent in some jurisdictions.
		However, once it is disclosed to the public, the former secret enters public domain, although an invention using the former secret may still be patentable in the United States if it is not barred by statute (including the on-sale bar)[3].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_domain (7277 words)

	Copyright and Public Domain Music
		Once there was even public domain land, but now public domain is pretty much limited to intellectual property where copyright protection has expired or the creator has formally given his work to the public.
		The problem is that it is virtually impossible to securely determine that a work is in the public domain in the USA unless you have a copy of the work with a copyright date of 1922 or earlier.
		Most recognizable public domain songs have hundreds of arrangements of the song which are still under copyright protection, and in many instances the arranger has significantly changed the melody or lyrics from public domain versions.
	www.pdinfo.com /faq.htm (2410 words)

	Records of Land Ownership and Settlement
		Land development is an important component in the settlement of North Dakota.
		The final certificate was the document issued by the land office indicating that the individual had met all requirements and was entitled to a patent.
		Their efforts to attract settlers to their lands through the distribution of pamphlets and other advertising literature describing the western country lured thousands from their homes in the eastern states, from developed sections of the West, and from Europe.
	www.state.nd.us /hist/sal/gen/infland.htm (2214 words)

	Water Rights on Public Lands
		The PLF advocates public ownership of the rights to waters on public lands to ensure that the water will remain on the land for livestock, wildlife and the other multiple uses of the public lands.
		PLF advocates public ownership of the rights to waters on public lands to ensure that the water will remain on the land for livestock grazing and the multiple uses of the public lands.
		Where a water right on the public lands is the basis for a grazing privilege on the public land, such water rights may be held by the grazing privilege holder.
	www.publicland.org /water.htm (1109 words)

	Refuge Revenue Sharing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The lands that were reserved from the public domain for national wildlife refuge purposes continued to receive 25 percent of the net receipts.
		Public Domain lands under the primary jurisdiction of the FWS are also included.
		If there is income from the Public Domain lands, we pay 25 percent of the net income to the county.
	www.fws.gov /realty/rrs.html (968 words)

	presidentsColumn
		However there needs to be a comprehensive analysis of a BLM land tenure plan developed that is thoroughly debated before proceeding with the aggressive policy of public land disposal contained in the 2007 Administration’s budget.
		Unless public opinion forces the administration to back off and let BLM start managing this development with large spacing like 640 acres or more with directional drilling from one pad, the Rocky Mountains will be one huge industrial zone similar to the congested oil fields of Texas.
		If you believe public lands should be protected and that all the natural resources found on these lands should be managed professionally in the best interest of the public, the owners of the land, please consider a tax exempt contribution to the Public Lands Foundation.
	www.publicland.org /prescolu.htm (3376 words)

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