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	What is PKI? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: public key infrastructure
		The public key infrastructure assumes the use of public key cryptography, which is the most common method on the Internet for authenticating a message sender or encrypting a message.
		In public key cryptography, a public and private key are created simultaneously using the same algorithm (a popular one is known as RSA) by a certificate authority (CA).
		The private key is given only to the requesting party and the public key is made publicly available (as part of a digital certificate) in a directory that all parties can access.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci214299,00.html (988 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure
		Both the public and the private keys are derived from a pair of large prime numbers according to a relatively simple mathematical formula.
		If everyone had a public key, it could function as a credit card that would be much less prone to fraud, and allow people to send each other email no one else could read.
		Preventing public key fraud and abuse turns out to be a tough problem, and a big reason there is no public key infrastructure today.
	research.microsoft.com /crypto/publickey.aspx (651 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
		The public key is then used to encrypt that key and both are sent to the recipient.
		The Public Key corresponding to this private key may also be sent with the message, either on its own or as part of a certificate.
		The CA may generate a public key and a private key (a key pair) or the person applying for a certificate may have to generate their own key pair and send a signed request containing their public key to the CA for validation.
	www.articsoft.com /public_key_infrastructure.htm (3097 words)

	CommsDesign - Public Key Infrastructure Overview
		Public key systems, on the other hand, allow us to communicate securely between individual and organization using keys which can be freely distributed and published anywhere—much like your telephone number in a directory.
		Unfortunately, "secret key" or "symmetric key" cryptography (as it is known) clearly relies on both parties involved having access to the same secret key, since the sender uses the key to encrypt the message, and the receiver uses the same key (together with the same algorithm in reverse) to decrypt the message.
		Note that for authentication, the roles of the public and private keys are converse to their roles in encryption, where the public key is used to encrypt and the private key to decrypt.
	www.commsdesign.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192200379 (6379 words)

	HIPAA tech: Public Key Infrastructure
		PKI stands for "public key infrastructure." PKI is IT infrastructure that enables users of a basically unsecure public network (such as the Internet) to securely and privately exchange data through the use of a public and a private cryptographic key pair that is obtained and shared through a trusted authority.
		Public key technology is also called "asymmetric cryptography." In a typical PKI, two key-pairs are generated by or for each user.
		In each key-pair, one key is kept private, and the other made public. The public key may be a "digital certificate." A trusted party cryptographically binds the public key to the person's identity by digitally signing the certificate.
	www.hipaadvisory.com /tech/pki.htm (749 words)

	What is public-key encryption? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An important element to the public key system is that the public and private keys are related in such a way that only the public key can be used to encrypt messages and only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt them.
		What's needed, therefore, is a global registry of public keys, which is one of the promises of the new LDAP technology.
		Public key cryptography was invented in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/P/public_key_cryptography.html (580 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure
		Since public keys are designed to be readily available, it is difficult to ensure that a particular public key does indeed belong to the person you are expecting, and is not a forgery.
		Since the root signing key is the lynch pin to the entire PKI chain of trust it is important to only allow this key to be ‘live’ inside of a trusted hardware device such as a Hardware Security Module.
		Also, if a public key infrastructure is required only to support confidentiality, integrity and authenticity services for the organisation’s own employees, then the considerations are much more relaxed, and there is no reason not to in-source the service.
	www.nss.co.uk /WhitePapers/pki.htm (10833 words)

	Understanding the Role of the PKI
		Two mathematically related keys, a public key and a private key, work together, with one used for encrypting and the other for decrypting (which one is used for which purpose depends on whether your goal is confidentiality of the data or authentication of the sender).
		The public key is made known to everyone who wants to engage in encrypted communications with the owner of the key pair.
		The Public Key Infrastructure is a framework for using digital certificates and their associated keys to verify the identity of users and computers to other users, computers and applications.
	www.windowsecurity.com /articles/Understanding_the_Role_of_the_PKI.html (1829 words)

	Public key infrastructure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PKI arrangements enable users to be authenticated to each other, and to use the information in identity certificates (i.e., each other's public keys) to encrypt and decrypt messages travelling to and fro.
		Standards are critical to PKI operation, and public standards are critical to PKIs intended for extensive operation.
		An alternative approach to the problem of authentication of public key information across time and space is the web of trust scheme, which uses self-signed certificates and third party attestations of those certificates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_key_infrastructure (1174 words)

	Roger Clarke's 'PKI as Mis-Fit'
		Its key deficiencies are its inherently hierarchical and authoritarian nature, its unreasonable presumptions about the security of private keys, a range of other technical and implementation defects, confusions about what it is that a certificate actually provides assurance about, and its inherent privacy-invasiveness.
		Public key cryptography involves two related keys, referred to as a 'key-pair', one of which only the owner needs to know (the 'private key') and the other which anyone can know (the 'public key').
		public keys may be stored in one or more centrally managed directories, enabling each party to an exchange to look up the public key of the other party.
	www.anu.edu.au /people/Roger.Clarke/II/PKIMisFit.html (7935 words)

	VA Public Key Infrastructure - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a combination of hardware, software, policies, and administrative procedures that provide a framework to use public key cryptography to transfer data in a secure and confidential manner.
		VA's Public Key Infrastructure (VA PKI) is part of an overall security strategy to safeguard networked information systems and assets maintained and controlled by VA, and is a critical component for conducting internal VA business securely over public or private telecommunications networks.
		VA PKI is the only public key infrastructure operated internally and on a Department-wide scope by VA for the provision of security services based on public key cryptography.
	www.va.gov /proj/vapki (3077 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure
		Each of the Private Key and Public Key are mathematical algorithms that a communication is passed through and thus encrypted (or deciphered as the case may be).
		If the holder of the Private Key (the server) can show that their Public Key/Private Key pair has been certified by a TTP, then the user can have full confidence the Public Key they are using actually belongs to the party with whom they wish to communicate.
		If the key pair is not authenticated by a CA or the CA is not recognized by the browser the user will get a message stating that the identity of the server cannot be authenticated.
	certs.mintac.net /pki.html (594 words)

	The Public Key Infrastructure Approach to Security
		Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a set of policies and procedures to establish a secure information exchange.
		The public key for an entity is published by a certificate authority (CA) in a user certificate.
		Another use for a public key is for an entity that receives a communication to validate the sender's organizational affiliation.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/itss/docs/oracle/9i/network.920/a96582/pki.htm (1664 words)

	Public-Key Infrastructure
		The main function of PKI is to distribute public keys accurately and reliably to those needing to encrypt messages or verify digital signatures (used to sign transactions or to authenticate people prior to granting access to resources).
		Private keys are stored on the enterprise premises in a non-vulnerable, enveloped form, allowing for strong protection of the private keys without the need for a bulletproof secure facility.
		When a public-private key pair is the basis for protecting stored encrypted data, there may be a requirement, by enterprise administration, to keep a backup copy of the encryption private key, to be sure that encrypted data can be recovered in the event the original copy of the private key was lost or became inaccessible.
	www.galeit.com /pki.htm (6704 words)

	PKI - Public-Key Infrastructure : PKI, (Public Key Infrastructure), Outsourced and Managed PKI Software Services by ...
		Modular and fully integrated, the Entrust Authority public key infrastructure portfolio is built on the foundation of Entrust Authority™ Security Manager, the Certification Authority (CA) system responsible for issuing and managing users' digital identities.
		This goal is achieved by providing key and certificate management services that enable encryption and digital signature capabilities across applications in a way that is transparent and easy to use.
		Entrust delivers the following optional components to enhance the public key infrastructure deployment, lower the total cost of ownership and meet unique, organization-specific security requirements.
	www.entrust.com /pki (570 words)

	Security Technology Group - NIST
		The Security Technology group is responsible for core security mechanisms, including: cryptographic algorithms, authentication mechanisms, and security infrastructures.
		The cryptographic algorithms team develops standards for cryptographic algorithms and establishes guidelines for appropriate use.
		The security Technology Group is assessing the security of the complete range of authentication mechanisms, from knowledge based authentication to biometrics and cryptographic authentication mechanisms, and establishes guidance for application of these technologies by federal agencies.
	csrc.nist.gov /pki (98 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure
		Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the components needed to create a PKI are the subject of intense debate.
		The Security Program Group regularly examines the legal and regulatory issues, especially in an international context, and for those who need to focus on the changing fortunes of PKI, the group is an ideal forum in which to keep abreast of new developments.
		Current work is expected to lead to completion of a public exposure draft in early 2000.
	www.opengroup.org /security/pki (427 words)

	CommuniGate Pro: Public Key Infrastructure
		Any information encrypted with the "private key" can be decrypted by anyone who knows the matching "public key", and any information encrypted with the "public key" can be decrypted using the matching "private key".
		Public Keys are usualy distributed in the form of Certificates.
		Key Test: Verification String is OK If the Key Test field indicates an error, the imported Private Key cannot be used for public/private key cryptography.
	www.stalker.com /CommuniGatePro/PKI.html (3740 words)

	ISP Planet - Technology - Modern Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Require a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Because large scale deployment requires not only certificates, but infrastructure: a trusted authority to issue certificates, a secure way to create and distribute them, and a readily-accessible means to validate their authenticity.
		This system is based upon key pairs that are mathematically related such that if one key is used to encrypt a message, only the other key can decrypt it, and vice versa.
		Security gateway Y obtains the digital certificate issued to X and uses the contained public key to verify the signature is authentic.
	www.isp-planet.com /technology/vpn_public_key.html (924 words)

	Managed PKI Services - Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) from VeriSign, Inc.
		PKI and authentication services are delivered through VeriSign's military-grade public key infrastructure and Security Operations Centers ensuring 24x7x365 monitoring, management, and escalation across the globe.
		VeriSign Core Managed Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) allows you to cost effectively establish a robust, customized PKI and Certificate Authority system for issuing digital credentials throughout your enterprise, allowing your users to securely access email, networks, VPN, ERP, extranets, portals, and other applications.
		VeriSign's Managed Public Key Infrastructure and authentication services enable enterprises to retain full control for access to information while leveraging VeriSign's service infrastructure for provisioning and validation of authentication credentials.
	www.verisign.com /products-services/security-services/pki/index.html (661 words)

	Public Key Infrastructure in Windows 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Public key cryptography, digital certificates, Certificate Authorities (CAs), and security policies pertaining to public keys are known collectively as public key infrastructure (PKI).
		Public key cryptography uses two keys--a public key to encrypt information and a private key to decrypt information--to provide a high level of security in private intranets and the public Internet.
		To ensure the identity of both sender and reciever messages have to be encrypted with recievers public key followed by encryption with senders private key.
	www.windowsitpro.com /Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=4691 (1166 words)

	IBM Public Key Infrastructure Services for z/OS
		The PKI infrastructure is the standard for public-key cryptographic security, which is used to ensure the security of digital certificates.
		PKI Services allows you to establish a PKI infrastructure and serve as a certificate authority for your internal and external users, issuing and administering digital certificates in accordance with your own organization’s policies.
		In addition to proving the identity of the user, each certificate includes a public key that enables the user to verify and encrypt communications.
	www-03.ibm.com /servers/eserver/zseries/zos/pki (726 words)

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