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Topic: Public reason

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	in reason - definition of in reason by the Online Dictionary from Datasegment.com
		The faculty or capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires.
		Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty.
		Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.
	onlinedictionary.datasegment.com /word/in+reason (574 words)

	philosophy.com: Conversations with the Constitution#4: public reason
		Rawls highlights the ideal of public reason in term of the arguments made by individual citizens or their representatives that are capable of being accepted by all members of the polity.
		Reason is singular not plural, and it involves setting aside material self-interest, political partisanship and sectarian argument, since argument is about what is in the common interest of all.
		Hence we have the distinction between reasons that are public and reasons that are nonpublic without necessarily equating these with reasons that are religious and reasons that are secular.
	www.sauer-thompson.com /archives/philosophy/2004/12/conversations_with_the_constit_4.html (1410 words)

	John Rawls - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Justice as Fairness, The original position, Reflective equilibrium, Overlapping consensus, Public reason.
		There is general agreement that the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971 led to a revival in the academic study of political philosophy.
		It failed to distinguish between a comprehensive moral theory which addressed the problem of justice, and that of a political conception of justice that was independent of any comprehensive theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Rawls (2514 words)

	Liberalism Is a Sin Chapter 6
		It is clear that if the individual reason is obliged to submit to the law of God, the public and the social reason cannot logically escape the same duty without falling into an extravagant dualism, by virtue of which men would be forced to submit to the law of two contrary and opposed consciences.
		Furthermore the road is open to an odious tyranny; for if the public conscience were independent of the Christian law and ignored it, there would be no public recognition of the obligation to protect the Church by the civil arm in the exercise of her rights.
		The Catholic Liberalist or the Liberal Catholic admitting the fatal distinction between the private and the public reason, thus throws open the gates to the enemies of the faith, and, posing as a man of intellect with generous and liberal views, stultifies reason by his gross offense against the principle of contradiction.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/Liberalism/Liberalism/Liberalism_Chapter_6.html (814 words)

	Electronic Resources
		This is an essay on John Rawls' conception of public reason.
		The defining characteristic of Rawls' conception of public reason is that the common good in part is an artifact of constructive deliberation.
		I argue that the idea of democracy implied by Rawls' conception of public reason is a weak view of democracy because there is potentially an unauthentic and paternalistic relation between the political consensus and the political sentiments of the members of society.
	sunzi1.lib.hku.hk /ER/detail/3194211 (102 words)

	Saving Endangered Species Privately: About Reason Public Policy Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Reason Foundation is a national research and education organization that explores and promotes the twin values of rationality and freedom as the basic underpinnings of a good society.
		REASON is the nation’s monthly magazine of “free minds and free markets.” It covers politics, culture, and ideas through a provocative mix of news, analysis, commentary, and reviews.
		Reason Foundation neither seeks nor accepts government funding, and is supported by individual, foundation, and corporate contributions.
	www.pacificresearch.org /pub/sab/enviro/wildlife_ESL/18_reason.html (282 words)

	Reason - definition from Biology-Online.org
		(Spenser) But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private reason, which to us is no law.
		By reason of, by means of; on account of; because of.
		Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have greatest care of future times.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/reason (595 words)

	Public Intelligence: Public Reason (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And it is public reason because there are all kinds of things, especially religious beliefs, that are deemed private and not subject to this call for a justifying reason.
		"Public" matters, then, are those for which other citizens can legitimately ask for--and expect to receive--some account of our reasons for advocating this course of possible collective action as opposed to that one.
		Because of the debates, there is a reasonable chance that when the people come to vote next month they will actually be doing so with a pretty clear idea of the choice they are making and the grounds on which they are making it.
	www.mcgowans3.com /2004/10/public-reason.html (648 words)

	[No title]
		Public reason, as he conceives it, does not consist of innocuous generalities, so bland that all comprehensive views can accept them.
		In his opinion, resort to public reason generates universal agreement on the proper basic structure of society.
		He is not prepared to call a society "stable" unless it acknowledges public reason.
	www.gongfa.com /luoersizuoweigongpingzhengyishuping.htm (1634 words)

	South African Journal of Philosophy - Vol. 23, No. 2 (2004)
		Public Reason as a Form of Normative and Political Justification: A Study on Rawls's Idea of Public Reason and Kant's Notion of the Use of Public Reason in "What is Enlightenment?"
		Rawls sees public reason as a tool, which would enable citizens of the pluralistic liberal state to unearth tolerable bases for coexistence, despite their trenchant and often conflicting ideological, cultural and religious differences.
		Moreover, Rawls's notion of public reason aims at liberal legitimacy: the normative and political justification of the legal power of the state in liberal democracy.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?jid=211&id=23961 (217 words)

	UrbanFutures.org - A Project of the Reason Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This report contends that spending more on public transit and less on highways is a far greater threat to the American dream of mobility and homeownership than any nominal changes in the price of automobiles or fuel.
		Reason's Robert Poole explores the lessons learned from Orange County's experience with start-up toll roads and the implications for any new state enabling legislation permitting toll roads.
		According to this amicus brief filed by the Reason Foundation, this case represents an attempted transfer of property from one set of private owners to another and is a clear violation of the safeguards on private property rights enshrined in the Fifth Amendment and related Court decisions.
	www.urbanfutures.org (1644 words)

	Public Opinion: the politics of blogging
		It is the public debate/ civic conversation side of blogging, which has fallen into a bit of a hole in Australia, due to the partisan nature of the war in Iraq.
		The public philosopher with a Hegelian bent at philosophy.com has usefully connected blogging to the formation of public reason and deliberative democracy.
		We are therefore deeply concerned that our public political dialogue, largely expressed through the channels of the mass media, is becoming systematically dominated by sophisticated tactics of manipulation rather than norms of public reason.
	www.sauer-thompson.com /archives/opinion/000229.php (870 words)

	Volconvo Debate Forums - View Single Post - Harvard Model United Nations
		Although the official reason for intervention put forward by the US/UK was within the bounds of state self-defense, the background public reason was humanitarian.
		A newly found conservative push for humanitarian reasons to call for such an intervention is something of a historic win for the humanists, against the nationalists.
		Fourth, the subsequent failure to prove the non-humanitarian reasons for intervention has given a great push to the public reason around the sufficiency for humanitarian reasons to intervene in state affairs.
	www.volconvo.com /forums/4788-post2.html (299 words)

	Unfogged: Comment on Granted. Stinky Butt.
		Instead of "it doesn't help to adjudicate issues of public concern," I should have written, "it shouldn't be used to adjudicate issues of public concern." I agree with you about the effectiveness of "eww, gross;" that's part of the point of the post.
		In the west, Enlightenment appeals to "reason" have overcome ingrained predjudices that we largely view as immoral: racial, sexual "ick" judgments.
		So while a person filled with disgust may be beyond reason, a person's disgust will always have roots and origins that can be articulated.
	www.unfogged.com /cgi-sys/cgiwrap/unfogged/managed-mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=1878 (524 words)

	Public interest a lousy reason for concealment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But whatever the reason, many Americans believe the trial is relevant to their lives.
		Public interest should be a non-issue or a force pushing courts toward full disclosure.
		Public interest should not be grounds for secrecy.
	www.decaturdaily.com /decaturdaily/opinion/editorials/050408b.shtml (274 words)

	Georgetown University Press
		"Public reason" is one of the central concepts in modern liberal political theory.
		Its distinguished contributors examine the consequences of interpreting public reason more broadly as "right reason," according to natural law theory, versus understanding it in the narrower sense in which Rawls intended.
		They test public reason by examining its implications for current issues, confronting the questions of abortion and slavery and matters relating to citizenship.
	press.georgetown.edu /detail.html?cat=4&id=0878407669 (269 words)

	reason for public safety
		Public safety leaders: City has no reason to fear being target, but...
		If for any reason the Public Safety Officer on duty can not be contacted by use of 941-8000 please call the main switchboard at 941-8324 or...
		Reason Public Policy Institute is a public policy think tank promoting choice, competition, and a...
	www.the1topsafetyinformation.com /57/reason-for-public-safety.html (259 words)

	Essay Detail
		Explain Rawls’s idea of ‘public reason’ and the role it is supposed to play in his overall theory.
		Whereas the ‘original position’ had played the starring role in John Rawls’s systematic and widely influential A Theory of Justice, that role is now clearly occupied, in his theory of political liberalism, by the idea of public reason.
		A precondition for approaching any of these topics through an idea of public reason is a coherent account of the relationship between public reason and two other notions: public justification and consensus.
	www.essaybank.com /uk_essay.asp?EssayID=4858&NC=1 (205 words)

	In reason - Dictionary Definition and Meaning of In reason
		But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private reason, which to us is no law.
		In all reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a right view.
		It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right.
	www.wordiq.com /define/in_reason.html (303 words)

	The Completeness of Public Reason -- Schwartzman 3 (2): 191 -- Politics, Philosophy & Economics
		A common objection to the idea of public reason is that it cannot
		of public reason is not to end reasonable disagreement.
		inconclusiveness or indeterminacy, is not a reason for citizens
	ppe.sagepub.com /cgi/content/short/3/2/191 (174 words)

	Ephilosopher
		Here is Solum courtside: "And then, the most dramatic exchange of the whole conference arrived, with Dworkin and Freeman going back and forth on public reason.
		Dworkin pressed Freeman on a point in his paper, “Why does the fact that public reason is addressed to citizens in their political capacity make any difference?,” Dworkin asked.
		Dworkin to also provide a “public reason.” Dworkin then replied, essentially saying that he did not see what was nonpublic about reasons drawn from a comprehensive moral theory."
	www.ephilosopher.com /print.php?sid=663 (156 words)

	Reason Foundation Commentary: Corruption in Public Schools Costs Taxpayers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ongoing news reports from across the country indicate incidents of corruption and mismanagement in the public schools occur frequently, often on a massive scale.
		Although most Texas teachers participate in a state pension fund rather than paying into Social Security, the loophole allowed them to receive Social Security benefits if their last day of work before retirement was in a job covered by Social Security.
		In 2002, one-fourth of all public school retirees in Texas--3,521 people--took advantage of the loophole, according to auditors.
	www.reason.org /commentaries/snell_20040901.shtml (1105 words)

	reason from On-line Medical Dictionary
		"I'll give him reasons for it." (Shak) "The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the motion of the next wheel." (Sir M. Hale) "This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called "catholic."" (Bp.
		Pearson) "Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness." (Tillotson)
		"When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its existence." (Tillotson) It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right.
	cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk /cgi-bin/omd?reasons (342 words)

	Public reason
		Abacci > Abaccipedia > Pu > Public reason
		Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment
		Total Confinement: Madness and Reason in the Maximum Security Prison (California Series in Public Anthropology, 7)
	www.abacci.com /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=Public_reason (137 words)

	Class java.sql.SQLException
		Construct an SQLException; reason defaults to null, SQLState defaults to null and vendorCode defaults to 0.
		Construct an SQLException with a reason; SQLState defaults to null and vendorCode defaults to 0.
		Construct an SQLException with a reason and SQLState; vendorCode defaults to 0.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /courses/archive/fall97/cs461/jdkdocs/api/java.sql.SQLException.html (241 words)

	NCPA - Privatization Issues - Reason Foundation: Public - Private Competition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As governments at all levels increasingly use the private sector to perform public services, questions of competitive fairness arise, a recent study from the Reason Public Policy Institute points out.
		Furthermore, they don't have to bear the costs associated with the financial, liability and compliance risks that are typically borne by the private operator.
		And sometimes public entities competing for contracts are permitted to view the bids of their private competitors before submitting their own bid.
	www.ncpa.org /pd/private/april98b.html (237 words)

	Public Reason School Uniform
		Uniform and created a political climate in which public school uniform policies have be highly contested.
		Reason: Reason Daily Archive Reason Daily Archive Ridley Scott's Peaceable Kingdom How to make a fantasy of a life in uniform Charles Paul Freund (6/23 Happy Birthday, Mr.
		Uniform Code of Military Justice Administration, Public Health Service, and other to trial by court-martial by reason of the termination of procedures shall be uniform for all armed forces.
	www.school-find.com /schools-e/public-reason-school-uniform.html (887 words)

	fear public reason speaking
		Your public speaking course to get rid of public speaking fear and learn to present great speeches...
		For some unknown reason we all expect public speaking to lead to fear and some people are so...
		I guess this means that most people at a funeral would rather be in the.
	www.phobiarelief.com /phobia/fear-public-reason-speaking.php (299 words)

	Class java.sql.SQLWarning
		Construct an SQLWarning ; reason defaults to null, SQLState defaults to null and vendorCode defaults to 0.
		Construct an SQLWarning with a reason; SQLState defaults to null and vendorCode defaults to 0.
		Construct an SQLWarning with a reason and SQLState; vendorCode defaults to 0.
	www.addison-wesley.de /Service/Krueger/javadocs/java.sql.SQLWarning.html (190 words)

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