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Topic: Puerto Rican Socialist Party

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	Puerto Rican Nationalist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under Coll y Cuchi's presidency, the party was able to convince the Puerto Rican Legislature Assembly to approve an act that would permit the transfer of the mortal remains of Puerto Rican patriot Ramon Emeterio Betances from Paris, France to Puerto Rico.
		Betance's remains arrived in San Juan, Puerto Rico on August 5, 1920 and a funeral caravan organized by the Nationalist Party transferred the remains from the capital to the town of Cabo Rojo where he was laid to rest.
		The New York Junta (board)[1] is an autonomous organ of the party that recognizes and is recognized by the National Junta in Puerto Rico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party (1326 words)

	Puerto Rican Independence Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Puerto Rican Independence Party (Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (PIP) in Spanish) is a Puerto Rican political party that campaigns for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States.
		The party began as the electoral wing of the Puerto Rican pro-independence movement.
		During the 2004 elections, the PIP was in serious danger of disappearing, obtaining only 2.4% of the popular vote (According to Puerto Rican electoral laws, a party that receives less that 3% of the vote is considered eradicated).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puerto_Rican_Independence_Party (768 words)

	Puerto Rican Socialist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Puerto Rican Socialist Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño, PSP) was a Marxist and pro-independence political party in Puerto Rico.
		The MPI was formed by a group of dissidents from the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP).
		At its Eighth General Assembly on November 28, 1971, the MPI renamed itself the Puerto Rican Socialist Party and endorsed Marxism-Leninism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puerto_Rican_Socialist_Party (448 words)

	b. Puerto Rico. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		It was further provided that U.S. internal revenue collections on the island should be paid into the Puerto Rican treasury.
		At the same time, however, the island continued to be run by appointed governors from the mainland United States with little experience or knowledge of Puerto Rico.
		The U.S. having declared war on Germany, the selective draft was extended to Puerto Rico by request of the insular government.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2308.html (265 words)

	International Socialist Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Puerto Rican voters will be faced with three choices: retain "commonwealth" status, choose U.S. statehood, or choose independence from the U.S. The act would create a twelve-year transition period to the new status–during which Puerto Ricans would vote on referenda twice more.
		The PN was the first party to propose armed struggle as a means for obtaining independence from the U.S. However, its nationalist politics and its middle-class composition and orientation proved to be a great obstacle in its aim of leading the Puerto Rican masses to independence.
		Socialists believe that the violence of the oppressor is not equal to the violence of the oppressed struggling for justice.
	www.isreview.org /issues/03/Puerto_Rico.shtml (10352 words)

	NACLA Digital Archive - The Puerto Rican Socialist Party in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		...The absence of a large vanguard party, embodying the aspirations of all exploited masses and directed toward the success of the struggle for the emancipation of the North American proletariat, is evident...
		...The Puerto Rican immigrant has an origin of common type: an unskilled or semi-skilled laborer, displaced from the economic process in his own country and therefore, proceeding from the army of unemployed upon which yanqui capitalism feeds to assure itself of cheap labor...
		...Puerto Rican residents in the United States are unified by nationality and by the fact that super-exploitation is expressed as much in national terms as in class terms due to the racism which permeates North American society...
	archive.nacla.org /Summaries/V6I5P20-1.htm (2030 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Other "foreign organizations" with which Puerto Rican terrorists may be connected include the PLO and the band around the infamous "Carlos the Jackal" - born Ilich Ramirez in Venezuela - with which Ojeda made contact during a stint for the JCR in Paris before moving to Havana.
		Although contemporary Puerto Rican terrorism was born during the relatively prosperous mid-1960s, the past year has seen a record rise in violent acts which may be attributed in part to widening discontent over a sharp decline in the island's economy.
		Although the pro-independence forces - the non-leftist Puerto Rican Independence Party and the Communist PSP - polled less than 6 per cent of the vote in the 1980 gubernatorial election, independence retains a mystique for Puerto Ricans and is potentially an explosive issue.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /puertorico/daniel-james.htm (2347 words)

	Puerto Rican nationalists to be released after two decades in prison
		Eleven Puerto Rican nationalists, among the longest-serving political prisoners in America, are to be released this week after agreeing to the terms of a clemency offer from President Clinton.
		In 1973, Claridad, the organ of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), was firebombed.
		In 1976 the son of Puerto Rican Socialist Party leader Juan Mari Bras was murdered.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/faln-s09.shtml (2084 words)

	THE SEXUAL IMPOTENCE OF THE PUERTO RICAN SOCIALIST PARTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		On the contrary, the Puerto Rican worker finds the present political status of the island advantageous to him because this status is part of the basis for the tax and other conditions which have made the island attractive to Yanqui employers running from the political (statehood) conditions of the mainland.
		The reactionary side of Puerto Rican nationalism shows most clearly as impotence whenever the PSP leadership is confronted with a situation which demands connecting the Puerto Rican workers' struggles to the mobilization of class struggle forces in alliance with mainland workers generally.
		Thus, the only nominally socialist party on the island decided to throw politics out of the window at precisely the point where a government-employer front was developing to generate a political approach to crush the strike wave.
	www.ex-iwp.org /docs/1973/sexual_impotency.htm (15506 words)

	Luis Muñoz Marín (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During this time he advocated for Puerto Rican independence from the United States and sympathized with the Puerto Rican worker, who in his views was being neglected by thepolitical forces of the time.
		On March 13, 1932, Luis Muñoz Marín is nominated by the party to become candidate for the postof Senator in the Puerto Rican Senate.
		In 1940 the PPD won a slight but surprising vitory in the Puerto Rican Senate, a victory which was attributed to the campaining he did in the rural areas.
	www.therfcc.org /luis-mu%F1oz-mar%EDn-61217.html (979 words)

	ipedia.com: Puerto Rican Socialist Party Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Puerto Rican Socialist Party -- or Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño -- was a Puerto Rican political party that existed from the 1970s to the late 1980s and stood for Puerto Rico to become a socia...
		The Puerto Rican Socialist Party -- or Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño (PSP for its abbreviation in Spanish) -- was a Puerto Rican political party that existed from the 1970s to the late 1980s and stood for Puerto Rico to become a socialist government.
		One of the main reasons that the PSP was able to survive for almost 20 years was that their leader and perennial governor candidate, Juan Mari Bras, was a man who had much television exposure: having his own show for a considerable amount of time on one of Puerto Rico's minor TV channels.
	www.ipedia.com /puerto_rican_socialist_party.html (196 words)

	Jim Blaut's note to me about the piece below stated inter alia: "The only piece on the national question that I ...
		The article caused a stir in the Puerto Rican left, and beyond the left, because this was the first time in perhaps 30 years that any Puerto Rican Marxists had expressed opposition to independence.
		Second, Lenin demanded of all revolutionary socialists that they fight for the liberation of all colonies, and any party in any colony-owning country which did not fight strongly for the liberation of its country's colonies would be excluded from the International.
		Nor is the Puerto Rican bourgeoisie a "junior partner" of the North American class, as might be the case if the political relation were not colonial.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/Blaut/national_question3.htm (4385 words)

	Puerto Rican Independence Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Those who follow the PIP ideology are called independentistas (usually called pro-independence activists by English speaking media) or pipiolos.
		But leader Rubén Berríos announced that, if that happened, party leaders would make sure that it is quickly re-instated.
		The PIP has participated in frequent congresses of international non-Marxist socialist parties.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puerto_Rican_Independence_Party (768 words)

	Arturo Meléndez (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ardent socialist and member of the Central Committee of PSP (Puerto Rican Socialist Party), Professor Meléndez has a long record of opposing the colonial status.
		Now president of the Puerto Rican Association of University Professors, his organization encompasses UPR of Río Piedras, the universities at Arecibo and Mayagüez, as well as the campus of Medical Studies.
		Persecutions against intellectuals and workers in the scientific and cultural domain and of Puerto Ricans in general, under pretext of supposed subversion of ideological radicalism, must definitely cease.
	home.earthlink.net /~truebadour/eng-melendez.html (1035 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Puerto Ricans who came to Chicago were totally oblivious to any urban reality; this was their first urban reality.
		A lot of people don’t realize that Puerto Ricans in very much the same tradition as Mexicans have historically been migrant workers, and participation in migrant work was facilitated by collaboration between the US Department of Labor and the newly established Commonwealth Office, Commonwealth Government of Puerto Rico.
		And so that type of story happened to many Puerto Ricans and the Young Lords remember those things happening to their families when they were little children and so in the true tradition of a turf gang, the Young Lords become a political entity but it’s really an affirmation of being a turf gang.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/kbc/latinkings/lkhistory.html (7821 words)

	U.S. Frees ‘50s Puerto Rican Terrorists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Puerto Rico Gov. Carlos Romero Barcelo, who favors statehood rather than independence, for Puerto Rico, a commonwealth of the United States, had opposed their release because of concern they would return to the island and stir up nationalist feelings.
		In Havana, Juan Mari Bras, head of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, called Carter’s announcement “a tardy carrying out of an elemental act of justice.” Mari Bras was in Cuba for the nonaligned summit conference, where earlier in the day he had called for the prisoners’ release.
		Cuban President Fidel Castro has continually called for Puerto Rican independence and told visiting U.S. congressmen in Havana that he would free four Americans held in Cuba if the four Puerto Ricans were released.
	virtualboricua.org /Docs/wp05.htm (570 words)

	Andrés Torres, José E. Velázquez: The Puerto Rican Movement - Print
		This volume is the first significant look at the organizations of the Puerto Rican movement, which emerged in the late 1960's and 1970's as a response to U.S. colonialism on the island and to the poverty and discrimination faced by most Puerto Ricans on the mainland.
		In the 1990s the inequality and marginalization that have been part of the Puerto Rican reality increasingly affects the larger American society.
		Puerto Rican Studies, edited by Luz del Alba Acevedo, Juan Flores, and Emilio Pantojas-García.
	www.temple.edu /tempress/titles/1352_reg_print.html (785 words)

	The Militant - March 19, 2001 -- Plan for drug czar in Puerto Rico is opposed
		Even more controversial is her plan to appoint as "drug czar" a former intelligence cop and police superintendent who was associated with the government's campaign of disruption and violence against the pro-independence and labor movements from the 1960s through the 1980s.
		Coira was the only person charged, although a Puerto Rican Justice Department investigation in the 1980s concluded he could not have acted alone.
		Supporters of the Puerto Rican independence struggle have pointed out that the killing of Mari Pesquera took place during a wave of violent government and right-wing attacks against the independence and union movements.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6511/651103.html (906 words)

	People's Weekly World - The Vanquished: A Puerto Rican novel The Vanquished: A Puerto Rican novel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He was a founder of the Movimiento Pro-Independencia, which later became the Puerto Rican Socialist Party and was founder of its newsweekly, Claridad.
		While his novel was originally published in 1956, the issues Andreu Iglesias raised are pertinent to the movement for Puerto Rican self-determination and, for other peoples, to understand the Puerto Rican discourse on the issue of the political status of this Caribbean nation.
		He also highlights the differences in thinking of the Puerto Rican bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie (whether nationalist, autonomist or annexationist) during the 1950s, the start of a period of rapid industrialization in Puerto Rico.
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/4109 (825 words)

	The Puerto Rican Movement: Voices from the Diaspora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This highly informative collection documents the struggle of the Puerto Rican left and explores the diversity of that movement, much as Irwin Unger's The Movement (CH, Oct'74) and Milton Viorst's Fire in the Streets (1979) immortalized the SDS and the New Left.
		The impact of the 1970 march to the UN to demand decolonization for Puerto Rico and efforts to free Puerto Rican political prisoners feature prominently in the essays.
		The Puerto Rican Movement boldly engages issues of race, nationality, class, and gender, and brings depth and clarity to a subject little understood by most Americans.
	www.booksmatter.com /b1566396174.htm (396 words)

	The Cuban Connection in Puerto Rico; Castro's Hand in Puerto Rican and U.S. Terrorism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Puerto Rican colonial state is going through a total crisis as a result of the worsening effect of the world capitalist crisis, aggravation of that crisis in the United States, and the colonial relationship of Puerto Rico with the United States.
		He said the economic bases upon which the Puerto Rican colonial government was established and the new version made in 1902 through the so-called associated free state are now going through a process of social, political and economic decomposition of every type.
		All potential party members must be nominated from the base; in every work-place there is a workers' assembly in which nominees are chosen for the party nucleus of that work-place.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /terrorism/cuban-connection-pr-app.htm (15778 words)

	Baez, Tony
		His interests in bilingual education and Puerto Rican culture are represented by reference files, and by some materials from several educational conferences.
		Within the reference files are a variety of materials on Puerto Rico and Puerto Rican residents of the continental United States.
		A number of works are in Spanish, among them one regarding multinationals in Puerto Rico, a publication by the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and a report from the University of Puerto Rico on unemployment, dated November 1973.
	www.uwm.edu /Libraries/arch/findaids/mss008.htm (1652 words)

	Puerto Rico: march for Ojeda Rios \| World War 4 Report
		More than 1,000 people marched in the western Puerto Rican town of Hormigueros on Oct. 8 to protest the killing of nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Rios there on Sept. 23 by agents of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
		The march was organized by pro-independence groups, including the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP) and the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, but participants included people who want Puerto Rico to join the US as a state.
		According to an unnamed "high official" in the Puerto Rican police, FBI agents were already in Hormigueros on Sept. 9, the day they say they located Ojeda's house by following people who were carrying packages from the fugitive.
	www.ww4report.com /node/1191 (537 words)

	Puerto Rico: The SPF's terrorist bridge to the U.S.
		Puerto Rico: The SPF's terrorist bridge to the U.S. This article appeared in the November 10, 1995 issue of Executive Intelligence Review.
		The NMIP is a New Age version of the old Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), which has incorporated radical environmentalism and violent opposition to any war on drugs, to its long-standing ties to Castro's Cuba.
		In 1950, Puerto Rican terrorist Andrés Figueroa Cordero attempted to murder President Harry Truman.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/1995/2245_puerto_rico.html (629 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		In the letter, the group protested the deaths of two Puerto Rican independency advocates by Puerto Rican police officers.
		The Macheteros first recorded terrorist action was the murder of a Puerto Rican police officer.
		The Macheteros is a terrorist group committed to full Puerto Rican independence from the United States.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=3227 (441 words)

	Puerto Rico: NMIP: Enlightenment apostles of terror
		Its main activities are bombings of military and government installations, robberies and assassinations of law enforcement officers (e.g., two Puerto Rican policemen in 1978; two U.S. marines in 1979; an undercover agent in 1986; and the Wells Fargo robbery in Hartford, Connecticut at the end of the 1980s).
		Thumbnail historical profile: In 1959, the MPI was founded by four main groups: dissidents of the social democratic Puerto Rican Independence Party, liberation theologists, Marxist-Leninist defenders of the Cuban Revolution, and dissidents of the Nationalist Party.
		Until 1972, the MPI was a militant socialist group with inclinations toward Marxism-Leninism; along with the PN, it promoted electoral abstentionism and began to openly back "revolutionary violence" by terrorist groups like the Armed Liberation Commandos (CAL) and the MIRA, both created by the FBI and trained in Cuba.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/1995/2245_nmip.html (1087 words)

	People's Weekly World - Grito de Lares celebrated
		This is the third year of united celebrations, with different Puerto Rican pro-independence organizations speaking from the same platform.
		Mari Bras, who was the main speaker, was a founder of the Movimiento Independentista Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Independence Movement), which later became the Puerto Rican Socialist Party.
		María de Lourdes Santiago, vice president of the Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Independence Party), said that “500 years of colonialism have not been able to extinguish” the Puerto Rican independence movement.
	www.pww.org /article/articleprint/2072 (453 words)

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