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Topic: Puffer fish

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Pufferfish

Tetrodotoxin

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Heteractis magnifica

	Pufferfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are named for their ability to inflate themselves to several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened; the same adaptation is found in the closely related porcupinefish, which also have spines (unlike pufferfish).
		The name "fugu" is used both for the fish that are eaten and for their meat (for more details see Fugu).
		Tetrodotoxin is a very potent neurotoxin and shuts down electrical signaling in nerves by binding to the pores of sodium channel proteins in nerve cell membranes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Puffer_fish (764 words)

	The Puffer Fish
		Puffer fish are a delicacy in Japan with a single serving in a restaurant costing hundreds of dollars.
		Chefs are required to pass a strict written exam and demonstrate their technique by preparing puffer fish (fugu) and then eating it.
		Estimates are that as many as 200 cases of such poisonings a year with half of the victims dying.
	www.life.umd.edu /grad/mlfsc/zctsim/pufferintro.html (222 words)

	What are puffer fish?
		When the puffer fish is calm their spines remain unseen, but when threatened the spines become visible as the puffer fish swells its body.
		Puffers are able to initiate this amazing feat because they have a type of sac that is attached directly to the intestines by cartilage like strands or is actually a part of viscera.
		Puffers rarely are known to use air as a means of expanding their bodies simply because the only way to release it is in small increments through the gills.
	okok.essortment.com /puffersfish_rbgg.htm (723 words)

	Pufferfish Inflation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But when threatened, the puffer undergoes a remarkable transformation, its body swelling until the fish is three times its usual size and has become a rigid, near-perfect sphere covered in spiky armor-not a good design for swimming but decidedly discouraging to attackers.
		And the pleats of a puffer's stomach are more extensive than those of a kilt: inside the largest pleats (each of which is about three millimeters wide) are smaller folds, with yet smaller folds inside each one, and so on, down to pleats so tiny that they can be seen only through a microscope.
		The fish's usual modus operandi is to shoot jets of water at the urchin's side until it rolls over, exposing its unprotected "belly" (actually its mouth, with which it grazes on the seafloor).
	biomechanics.bio.uci.edu /_html/nh_biomech/pufferfish/puffer.htm (830 words)

	News in Science - Puffer fish toxin dulls the pain - 01/12/2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Puffer fish toxin, a substance more toxic than cyanide, is being tested to see if it can act as a painkiller.
		The puffer fish is known as the source of the sometimes deadly Japanese fugu delicacy, a dish that can be prepared only by trained and licensed chefs.
		Wex said that each puffer fish can provide about 600 doses of the drug from its liver, kidneys and reproductive organs, so there is no shortage of the toxin.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1000732.htm (553 words)

	Porcupine Puffer Fish - Puffers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Fish won’t run away (but they may jump for it) and they won’t make a mess or have an accident in the house (except spills during water changes and maintenance).
		Puffers have unique ways of swimming, eating and behaving that can make you wonder what they are thinking.
		Just when the other fish are not looking they may sneak up to take a quick nip out of a tankmates tailfin and then swim away with a “who me?” look on their face.
	www.marineaquariumadvice.com /porcupine-puffer-fish-puffers.html (1650 words)

	Puffer Fish \| Blowfish \| Fugu \| Poisonous Fish \| Freshwater \| Spotted \| Japanese Delicacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Puffer fish live in the tropical and subtropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
		Eating fish isn't unusual except puffer fish are fatally poisonous.
		Puffer fish owners usually try and make their fish puff up when friends come over.
	www.kidzworld.com /site/p745.htm (508 words)

	The Amazing Netscape Fish Cam
		If real fish are too old fashioned for your taste, you may appreciate our Dynamic HTML FishTank, which provides all the entertainment of a real fish tank, without the mess.
		Puffer fish can puff themselves up because they have elastic skin and no ribs, and typically grow up to 50 cm (20 in) long.
		Puffers blend in with coral and prefer to stay near the bottom of the ocean where they can feed on molluscs and crustaceans.
	wp.netscape.com /fishcam/fishcam.html (719 words)

	puffer
		There are many fish in the sea, but none are quite as intriguing as the Tetraodontidae or Puffer Fish.
		Puffers have strong jaws and teeth fused into a parrot-like beak used to crunch open the shells of the crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms that they feed on.
		Many fish have genomes even larger than the human genome of 3 billion nucleotide pairs, but puffers were found to be at the low end of the vertebrate scale, with only about half a billion nucleotides.
	www.whozoo.org /Anlife99/casskeck/page2.html (555 words)

	puffer fish
		As a means of defence it inflates its body with water until it becomes spherical and the skin spines become erect.
		Puffer fish are mainly found in warm waters, where they feed on molluscs, crustaceans, and coral.
		The skin of some puffer fish is poisonous (gram for gram, it is 10,000 times more toxic than cyanide).
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0008595.html (176 words)

	Buy Puffer Fish - For Sale at AquariumFish.net where Buying Puffers is Fun.
		Puffers are big eaters that always seem to be hungry, and unless they are fed almost constantly, they will nip on the fins of the other fish in their aquarium.
		Puffers have uniquely powerful beaks, that they use to crack open snail shells, and puffers love to eat small aquatic snails such as rams horn snails.
		Other species of Puffer Fish live best in freshwater with very little salt and do best with fast swimming fish such as Barbs, Danios, Rainbow Fish, and Sharks.
	www.aquariumfish.net /catalog_pages/brackish_water/puffer_figure_eight.htm (1070 words)

	Puffer Fish From Florida Can Kill Diners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Puffer fish harvested in the Titusville, Florida area may contain a natural toxin that can cause illness or death, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned Monday in a consumer advisory.
		Three New Jersey residents have become ill from eating puffer fish, also known as blowfish or sea squab, harvested near Titusville, according to the New Jersey Department of Health.
		"It is imperative that consumers not eat puffer fish from the Titusville, Florida region," said Dr. Lester Crawford, FDA deputy commissioner.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /Fish/InNews/puffer.htm (302 words)

	eMJA: Puffer fish poisoning: a potentially life-threatening condition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The majority of reported cases have occurred in southeastern Asia,1,8-10 particularly Japan, where puffer fish is considered a delicacy.
		TTX is present in high concentrations in the viscera of puffer fish, particularly the liver and intestines (Box 4).
		Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is present in high concentrations in the liver of puffer fish, with progressively decreasing amounts in the ovaries, intestines and skin.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/177_11_021202/isb10423_fm.html (2730 words)

	Spiny Pufferfish, Diodon new species?
		All species share the ability to inflate, large spines covering the body which are partially embedded in the skin, and heavy, crushing teeth - one single unit in each jaw.
		For all fixation methods other than freezing, the belly wall should be cut to allow the fixative to enter the body cavity and fix the internal organs.
		The fish seems to have a rather long caudal peduncle, a characteristic of D.
	www.austmus.gov.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/diodonnsp.htm (460 words)

	Fact File Puffer Fish
		There are as many as 120 species of puffer fish that live mostly in tropical seas, although a few occur in fresh or brackish waters.
		Like the Parrot fish, the puffer fish uses its beak-like teeth for feeding on corals or hard-shelled animals.
		Puffers come in different size from the tiny Valentine Puffer fish to larger Star Puffer fish.
	divemad.com /fact_file_puffer_fish.htm (390 words)

	Puffers Defences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Becuase of this puffers should never be allowed to inflate out of water as they will draw in air and may never deflate.
		In addition to their ability to inflate, puffers have a second defence of being poisonous - the poison being Tetradotoxin.
		Some puffers may slowly release their poison into their surrounding water, although nobody is sure why some do and some don't.
	www.pufferfish.co.uk /aquaria/species/pufferfish/general/puffing.htm (310 words)

	GPASI : Puffer Fish
		According to Dr. Jim Johnson, alum of Florida State University (www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ttx/ttx.htm), the toxin in puffer fish is called tetrodotoxin or TTX : “TTX is a potent marine neurotoxin, named after the order of fish from which it is most commonly associated, the Tetraodontiformes (tetras-four and odontos-tooth), or the tetraodon pufferfish.
		The tetraodon puffers are equipped with four large teeth which are nearly fused, forming a beak-like structure used for cracking mollusks and other invertebrates, as well as for scraping corals and general reef grazing.
		The puffer the scientists have been studying grows up to 70 cm in length and is a marine fish.
	articles.gpasi.org /puffers.html (1076 words)

	Blackbrook Bird Zoo - fact sheet: Porcupine Puffer Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If you look at these fish they seem to be constantly smiling and have a particular love of prawns which is their favourite food.
		These fish lay spherical eggs that are left to drift with the ocean currents until they hatch 5 days later.
		Puffer Fish get their name from the fact they seem to "puff-up" when threatened.
	www.blackbrookzoologicalpark.co.uk /showfactsheet.php?species_id=9 (170 words)

	puffer fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of the most spiniest fish in the world is a puffer fish.
		A puffer fish live in tropical seas in coral reef.
		Some other interesting facts about puffer fish are puffer fishes have two names: puffer fish and porcupine fish.
	www.k12.hi.us /%7Ekapunaha/student_projects/reef_org/fish/puffer_fish.htm (133 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are some other pufferfish spieces could be regarded as "dwarf", such as the South-Ameriacan puffer, but, it is the most common (at least in the pufferfish mailing list) to refer to this pufferfish as "Dwarf Puffer".
		This section is described that the behavior and the appearance of male dwarf puffer in spawning season except courtship behavior and spawning mentioned above.
		In my puffer tanks, willow moss is rounded softly and has just been placed between stone, filter pipe and back wall of the tank.
	www.rr.iij4u.or.jp /~kohda/en/en-dwarfpuffer.htm (3266 words)

	2 dead in Mindanao for eating puffer fish - Sept. 04, 2003
		Puffer, or blowfish, is considered a delicacy in Japan and certain parts of the Philippines.
		The fish's liver contains the poison tetrodotoxin, for which there is no known antidote.
		Japan has licensed puffer cooks at finer restaurants who are specially trained in preparing the fish safely for human consumption.
	www.inq7.net /brk/2003/sep/04/brkoth_3-1.htm (174 words)

	Puffer Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Puffer Fish - For Sale at AquariumFish.net where buying brackish water fish such as Puffers is fun.
		Puffer fish have a special ability to "puff" themselves up with air or water, making them look like a bigger fish if they get angry or feel threatened.
		These fish got their name because when puffer fish become alarmed they puff themselves up with air or water.
	www.tropical-fish-tank.info /15/puffer-fish.html (166 words)

	Caribbean Photography Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A snorkel diver feeds the fish in the crystal clear Caribbean waters of Bonaire in the Netherlands Antilles.
		In self defense, the puffer fish inflates to an inedible ball when alarmed.
		The puffer fish is considered a delicacy in Japan.
	www.worldoceans.com /m_car.htm (124 words)

	Tetrodotoxin Poisoning Associated With Eating Puffer Fish Transported from Japan -- California, 1996
		Editorial Note: The order Tetraodontoidea includes ocean sunfishes, porcupine fishes, and fugu, which are among the most poisonous of all marine life (1).
		The liver, gonads, intestines, and skin of these fish contain tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin that can cause death in approximately 60% of persons who ingest it (2).
		Puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning: clinical record and suggested management.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00041514.htm (1108 words)

	aquarium fish freshwater puffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Puffer fish derive their name from their ability...
		freshwater puffer fish, a.information for those who are interested in keeping puffer fishes.
		Puffer fish owners usually try and make their fish puff up when friends...
	www.aquariumhelp.info /aquarium-fish-freshwater-puffer.html (549 words)

	Under the Sea Crafts
		My daughter had a great time making the puffer fish into a pocupine puffer fish by poking cut up pieces of pipe cleanesr into the egg carton body so that it looked spiney.
		The children should be able to stick the fish and boat inside the slits.
		Fish stickers can be placed on the inside part and then the mug can be put together to look like a sea in the mug.
	www.daniellesplace.com /html/under_the_sea.html (2249 words)

	Type Puffer Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If fish don't seem to be biting on one colour then switch for something lighter, and if they're still not biting, go for a worm darker than your original.
		Fish in areas away from frenzied activity or at dawn before activities begin.
		Puffer fish live in the tropical and subtropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian...
	www.iowastate.net /fishing/type-puffer-fish.shtml (529 words)

	NetPets, Inc. / The Kids' Room / Fish Facts
		The Atlantic Porcupine puffer, however, has an additional defense — it is covered with sharp spines that stick straight out when the fish puffs out.
		Puffer fish hang around coral reefs, open sand and grassy flats, looking for food mostly.
		The good side (or end) of these fish is the front because they have a sharp "thorn" near their tail end which is sharp like a surgeon's knife.
	www.chirpingbird.com /netpets/html/classrm/fishfac2.html (975 words)

	Breeding Tropical Fish and Raising the Fry by AquariumFish.net.
		That is very difficult to describe, but you can learn by watching your females, and after they have released babies a few times, you will be able to recognize the change in a female's appearance a few days before she releases babies.
		Many newly hatched baby fish, like Angel Fish, are too small to eat this sort of powdered food and need to eat newly hatched baby brine shrimp for a few days, before they can start eating powdered food.
		A food with tiny particles for baby fish that is specially formulated by Hikari to provide newborn fish the exact nutritional balance they require during the first days of their lives.
	www.aquariumfish.net /information/raising_baby_fish.htm (2547 words)

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