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Topic: Pufferfish

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Puffer fish

Tetrodotoxin

Arothron

Porcupinefish

Filefish

Tetraodontiformes

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Moorish Idol

Manatee

Malpighiales

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Brackish water

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Sea turtle

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	Pufferfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pufferfish is a relatively slow swimmer, and depending on the species it mainly uses combinations of its pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins for propulsion, which does not allow it to escape predators very well.
		The pufferfish does not create the poison itself; rather it is generated by various genera of bacteria within the fish.
		Pufferfish that are born and grown in captivity do not produce tetrodotoxin until they receive some of the poison-producing bacteria, often by eating tissues from a toxin-producing fish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pufferfish (1124 words)

	Tetrodotoxin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, the name of the order that includes the pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish, several species of which carry the toxin.
		Common causes of tetrodotoxin poisoning include the eating of pufferfishes known as fugu, which is a popular delicacy in Japan and Korea and often contains significant amounts of toxin in its liver and other viscera.
		The diagnosis of pufferfish poisoning is based on the observed symptomology and recent dietary history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tetrodotoxin (1419 words)

	The Pufferfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Another advantage to studying the pufferfish is that, compared to other important model organisms, including fruitflies, the pufferfish is closer to humans on the evolutionary scale, and will have more of the same genes.
		In addition, the pufferfish is distant enough from humans, compared to mammals, for the junk sequences to become random.
		Although the pufferfish gene has the same sixty-seven interruptions, they are rarely over 1,000 DNA bases—compared to interruptions as long as 12,500 DNA bases in the human gene for Huntington's.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/06_00/puffer_fish.shtml (1344 words)

	Pufferfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pufferfish are odd looking fish that puff up by gulping water and inflating their bodies when threatened.
		Pufferfish A pufferfish scares away it`s enemies by gulping down water and inflating itself to appear much larger.
		Pufferfish There are at least 100 species of pufferfish, also commonly known as blowfish, consisting of members of family Tertraodontidae.
	davidgoforth.com /id27.htm (103 words)

	Pufferfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The pufferfish also called blowfish swellfish balloonfish or fugu (Japanese : 河豚 or フグ) is a fish of the family Tetraodontidae order Tetraodontiformes named for its ability to inflate to several times its normal size by water or air when threatened the same is found in the related porcupinefish which also have spines.
		The pear-shaped pufferfish is not a very swimmer and uses mainly the pectoral fins for propulsion; they appear to be themselves along with their undersized fins.
		The pufferfish is also reported to be of the main ingredients used in voodoo to turn people into zombies.
	www.freeglossary.com /Fugu (2486 words)

	pufferfish, Arothron mappa, family Terraodontinae, with Periclimenes (genus) shrimp
		Pufferfish are frequently confused by name with a similar fish in the same order which also has an ability to inflate itself, called a porcupinefish.
		Pufferfish have a prickly texture when inflated, though they do not possess the large, rigid spines of the similar-looking porcupinefish.
		The preparation and consumption of pufferfish for these purposes is very popular in Japan, with many restaurants devoted entirely to the creation of various expensive, exotic dishes composed of fugu.
	www.divegallery.com /pufferfish.htm (593 words)

	Pufferfish Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		The Pufferfish is also known as the blowfish, fugu, swellfish, and globefish.
		It is called the pufferfish because when it is threatened, it puffs up to about twice its normal size by gulping water.
		Most pufferfish are found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters (including coral reefs) in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/fish/printouts/Pufferfish.shtml (295 words)

	Troubled Times: Pufferfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The flesh of many pufferfish may not usually be dangerously toxic.
		Pufferfish poisoning is a continuing problem in Japan, affecting 30 - 100 persons/year.
		Three deaths were reported in Italy in 1977 following the consumption of frozen pufferfish imported from Taiwan and mislabelled as angler fish.
	www.zetatalk.com /food/tfood32k.htm (440 words)

	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Neurologic illness associated with eating Florida pufferfish, 2002
		Editorial Note: Neurologic illnesses associated with eating pufferfish (i.e., blowfish, sea squab, and Fugu [Terodontidae and Diodontidae families]) are not common in the United Stares.
		Pufferfish are harvested recreationally and co`mmercially in the United States and internationally.
		Several of the approximately 100 species of pufferfish contain neurotoxins (i.e., tetrodotoxin and/or saxitoxin); most pufferfish caught in U.S. waters are not known to be toxic, although there have been reports of toxic pufferfish.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0906/is_15_51/ai_86035132 (1386 words)

	Wired News: Pufferfish: Sushi or Science?
		The pufferfish, also known as Fugu, and the human genome both have about the same number of genes -- about 50,000 by Brenner's estimation (there is much debate over how many genes there actually are).
		Human genome researchers say that the pufferfish certainly has potential as a model for genes, but since organisms like the mouse and the zebrafish have been studied so much in the past, they are more likely candidates for government funds.
		Another plus to studying the pufferfish, according to Brenner, is that genes are physically close together in the Fugu genome, are often also in close proximity in the human genome.
	www.wirednews.com /news/technology/0,1282,36911,00.html (907 words)

	Pufferfish genome unveiled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The pufferfish was chosen over a decade ago, as a potential model vertebrate genome because of its compact properties.
		The team found that while the number of genes in the fish is approximately the same as man, when human and pufferfish genes were compared directly as many as a quarter of all human proteins could not be recognised in the pufferfish sequence.
		Comparisons of the pufferfish sequence with the human sequence allowed the team to predict the existence of human genes which so far have not been found with other methods.
	www.admin.cam.ac.uk /news/dp/2002072901 (720 words)

	AskMen.com - Poisonous foods
		Although the flesh of pufferfish may not be dangerous, their liver, intestines, skin, and gonads can cause a more violent poisoning than any other marine species.
		Pufferfish poisoning can cause paresthesia (a numbing, burning, tingling, or crawling sensation on the skin), paralysis, convulsions, and death within 4 to 6 hours.
		How to avoid them: Although pufferfish is generally not allowed into the United States, be careful if you happen to be fishing in the Indo-Pacific ocean regions, the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of California.
	www.askmen.com /sports/foodcourt_100/127_eating_well.html (493 words)

	CIDRAP >> FDA says pufferfish caught off Florida may contain neurotoxin
		The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported last week that saxitoxin, a paralytic shellfish toxin, was found in pufferfish from the Titusville area in early April.
		People who have suggestive symptoms and suspect they have eaten pufferfish from the Titusville area should contact their physician or local poison control center, the FDA said.
		Most pufferfish caught in US waters are not known to be toxic, and the recent cases represent the first report to the CDC of neurotoxic pufferfish in the Atlantic Ocean, the agency said.
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/news/pufferfish.html (501 words)

	pufferfish, Arothron nigropunctatus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This one is on the move, but these gentle, solitary fish may often be seen resting in a sponge or among coral branches.
		As with the other types of nearly 90 species of pufferfish, they inflate themselves by gulping down water when disturbed.
		Pufferfish are also known as "blowfish" or "globefish".
	www.divegallery.com /pufferfish2.htm (101 words)

	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Update: Neurologic illness associated with eating Florida pufferfish, 2002 - ...
		All pufferfish related to these cases were caught in the Indian River Lagoon; 11 patients caught pufferfish off the Titusville Pier.
		A 1963 study of pufferfish from the east coast of Florida (from the Indian and Banana Rivers, including the Titusville area) demonstrated that pufferfish were toxic to mice (4).
		Northern pufferfish extend only as far south as Jacksonville, Florida (7), and are not known to exist in the Indian and Banana rivers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0906/is_19_51/ai_87691395 (1249 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Pufferfish
		The dangers of pufferfish and TTX are also well known to chefs and diners in Japan.
		Nevertheless, in Japan, people eat pufferfish as a delicacy called "fugu." Although skilled chefs remove TTX from the pufferfish by discarding the liver, skin and eggs, a few deaths have occurred.
		Pufferfish may absorb and concentrate the saxitoxin if they eat contaminated shellfish.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/puffer.html (295 words)

	Recreational Seafood Safety - pufferfish poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tetrodotoxin can be used in reference to a rare, and potentially severe illness that can result from eating pufferfish (also known as blowfish, or balloonfish).
		Certain species of pufferfish have been known to produce this toxin which is stored in the edible muscle of the fish.
		Some pufferfish are eaten, but most consumers are not able to distinguish the dangerous vs. safe species.
	monroe.ifas.ufl.edu /mces3_sf8.htm (107 words)

	Spiny pufferfish jaw
		The bone is from a Spiny Pufferfish or Porcupinefish, although it is not possible to say which species.
		Spiny Pufferfishes, (Family Diodontidae), have the teeth in each jaw fused into a parrot-like "beak".
		Spiny Pufferfishes are covered in spines and can all inflate their bodies into a ball-shape by swallowing water.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/pfsjaw.htm (189 words)

	Pufferfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This is an attractive Pufferfish from the Indian Ocean.
		This is a pretty Pufferfish from the Indian Ocean.
		This is a brown-copper colored Pufferfish with fl-lined white dots.
	www.aqualink.com /catalogs/ypuffer.html (833 words)

	Starry Pufferfish, Arothron stellatus
		Adult Starry Pufferfish are white with numerous small fl spots that become relatively smaller and more numerous as the fish grows.
		The Starry Pufferfish occurs in tropical marine waters of the Indo-Pacific.
		In Australia it is recorded from the central coast of Western Australia, around the tropical north of the country and south to the New South Wales central coast.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/astellat.htm (166 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Human gene number slashed
		The near-complete sequence of the spotted green pufferfish, Tetraodon nigroviridis, was also published in the journal Nature.
		By matching the genes on the pufferfish chromosomes to related genes on human chromosomes, the authors were able to peer into the genome of our shared ancestor - a primitive bony fish that lived hundreds of millions of years ago.
		Quite why the pufferfish can do without it, while humans and other mammals apparently cannot, is something of a mystery.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3760766.stm (696 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Tetrodotoxin
		There have been no confirmed cases of poisoning from the Atlantic pufferfish, Spheroides maculatus.
		There have been several reported poisonings from mislabelled pufferfish and at least one report of a fatal episode when an individual swallowed a California newt.
		Onset of symptoms began approximately 3-20 minutes after ingestion, and all three persons were transported by ambulance to a local emergency department.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap39.html (973 words)

	Developmental Roles of Pufferfish Hox Clusters and Genome Evolution in Ray-Fin Fish -- Amores et al. 14 (1): 1 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		interrogated genomic databases for the Japanese pufferfish Takifugu
		Pufferfish lack ribs and pelvis and have few vertebrae, as revealed by Alizarin red staining of the skeleton of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes (a) and the zebrafish Danio rerio (b).
		Pufferfish and medaka belong to the Acanthopterygii or spiny-ray
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/14/1/1 (5716 words)

	A reference for the human genome: The Tetraodon pufferfish sequence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is the second pufferfish genome sequenced to date.
		In fact, pufferfish have the smallest known genome among vertebrates, yet roughly the same amount of genes as humans.
		On an evolutionary scale, the pufferfish and humans separated about 400 million years ago whereas Tetraodon and Fugu are approximately 20 million years apart.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/11_01/Pufferfish_Tetra.shtml (437 words)

	Oceanlink \| marine sciences education and fun
		There are three families of pufferfish, Tridontidae (a single three-toothed species), Tetradontidae (smooth and sharpnose puffers with four teeth), and Diodontidae (the spiny pufferfish, burrfishes, and porcupinefishes with two fused teeth).
		Pufferfish have few bones, because most of their bones in their head and body, through time, have fused together.
		Pufferfish are mostly found in sub-tropical and tropical marine waters In the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.
	oceanlink.island.net /ask/osteich.html (10776 words)

	Wired News: Pufferfish Genes Are People, Too
		Researchers all over the world are mapping the genome sequences of the chimp, mouse, rat, fruit fly, nematode worm and at least two types of pufferfish to hold it up to the human genome in an attempt to discover the secrets of evolution and disease.
		Rokhsar and his colleagues are mapping the genetic sequence of another type of pufferfish called the Fugu.
		The pufferfish and humans diverged between 300 and 400 million years ago.
	www.wirednews.com /news/technology/0,1282,41776,00.html (812 words)

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