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Topic: Pullman Palace Car Company

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	American Experience \| Chicago: City of the Century \| People & Events
		Pullman was hailed as a genius and a hero.
		Pullman took the capital he earned from raising buildings and moved on to developing a new venture, luxury railroad cars.
		Pullman's reputation was soiled by the strike, and then officially tarnished by the presidential commission that investigated the incident.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/chicago/peopleevents/p_pullman.html (933 words)

	Age of Steam Railroad Museum - Pullman Heavyweight Sleeping Cars
		The Pullman Company constructed, owned and operated its vast fleet of sleeping cars until December 31, 1948, at which time Pullman transferred ownership to the railroads on which they operated and arranged a lease-back contract with the railroads by which Pullman would operate and maintain the cars.
		The car was in use as a dormitory by the Texas and Northern before donation to the State Fair of Texas Age of Steam exhibit in 1964.
		McQuaig was built by Pullman in 1925 as one of the nearly 4,000 sleepers of its type operated by the Pullman company.
	www.dallasrailwaymuseum.com /pullman.html (707 words)

	Railroad collections
		His first sleeping car built to his specifications was the "Pioneer" which was ready, by coincidence, to carry part of the Lincoln funeral party from Chicago to Springfield in 1865.
		Pullman built the Pullman Palace Car manufacturing plant in a new town near Chicago which was along the Illinois Central Railroad line in 1880.
		There are technical materials relating to the operations of the Company, including the assignment of Pullman cars especially during the break-up of the Company under court order when it sold off all of its operations of the cars and only maintained the manufacture of them.
	americanhistory.si.edu /archives/d8181.htm (787 words)

	Pullman - LoveToKnow 1911
		Here are the works of the Pullman Palace Car Company, steel forging plants, and other factories.
		The place was founded in 1880 by George Mortimer Pullman (1831-1897), the inventor of the Pullman sleeping car, and the founder (1867) of the Pullman Palace Car Company, who attempted to make it a "model town." Even the public works were the property of the Pullman Company and were managed as a business investment.
		Popular discontent with the conditions led to the annexation of Pullman to Chicago in 1889, but until 1910 the corporation held most of the property.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pullman (169 words)

	THE PULLMAN STRIKE OF 1894 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pullman had also prospered through the early used of ingenious promotion measures to gain attention for his cars and create a strong "corporate image." He had forced a large number of railroads to adopt uniform management systems with respect to the use of his cars on their roads.
		Pullman in his previous dealings with them, and they could not disabuse their minds of the thought that perhaps he was keeping the shops open, and taking work at a loss in order to get his returns in rent....
		Pullman's working men, accompanied by members of the city council, and with the approval of Mayor Hopkins, waited upon his [Pullman's] representative and offered to submit the question of whether or not there was anything to arbitrate to a committee composed of two members chosen by himself (Mr.
	marchand.ucdavis.edu /lessons/HS/Pullman.html (9649 words)

	Pullmans Palace Car Company
		Pullman, George Mortimer (1831-97), American inventor, who designed the first modern railroad sleeping car and patented his innovations—folding upper berths and seats that could extend into lower berths—in 1863.
		In 1880 the company bought 500 acres of land, and upon 300 acres of it built its plant and also a hotel, arcade, churches, athletic grounds, and brick tenements suitable for the use of its employees.
		The town of Pullman, now part of Chicago, was built (1880) for the company and its workers.
	cprr.org /Museum/Ephemera/Pullman_Palace_Car_Co.html (3267 words)

	Pullman Inc.
		In 1927, a holding company called Pullman Inc. was established to oversee two separate divisions: the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corp., the company's manufacturing division, and the Pullman Co., which operated the world-famous passenger cars.
		The operating company, which kept the Pullman Co. name, was purchased by a group of railroad companies.
		Pullman Inc. kept Pullman-Standard, which declined steadily through the 1970s, by which time it was no longer an important manufacturer of railcars.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1028.html (583 words)

	Coachbult.com - Pullman
		Pullman limousines were defined as: "Large comfortable cars ideal for long-distance travel and public appearances, featuring a partition between the driver's area and the passenger compartment".
		The Pullman palace-car company, of which he is president, was organized in 1867, and it now operates over 1,400 cars on more than 100,000 miles of railway In 1887 he designed and established the system of "vestibuled trains," which virtually makes of an entire train a single car.
		Pullman has been identified with various public enterprises, among them the Metropolitan elevated railway system of New York, which was constructed and opened to the public by a corporation of which he was president.
	www.coachbuilt.com /bui/p/pullman/pullman.htm (5019 words)

	At Home: 1850: THE PULLMAN STRIKE:ITS CAUSES AND EVENTS
		PULLMAN'S Palace Car Company is in the market at all times to obtain all possible contracts to build cars.
		The company and the railroads had a surplus of cars...hence pending orders were canceled and car building stopped, except as occasional straggling contracts were obtained at prices which averaged less than shop cost....
		The company reiterated the statement of its position, and maintained that there was nothing to arbitrate; that the questions at issue were matters of fact and not proper subjects of arbitration.
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/athome/1850/voices/curtis/strike.htm (597 words)

	George M. Pullman - MSN Encarta
		Born in Brocton, New York, George Mortimer Pullman was originally trained as a cabinetmaker and became a building contractor in Chicago in 1855.
		In 1867 he organized the Pullman Palace Car Company, which manufactured sleeping cars, parlor cars, and dining cars.
		The violent Pullman strike in 1894 occurred when the Pullman Palace Car Company reduced wages without reducing rents in the company town.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553649/George_M_Pullman.html (123 words)

	The Pullman's Palace Car Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This car, with its permanent bunks at three levels, was imitated by a number of railroads.
		Pullman hired a craftsman in the Alton shops, who hired a couple of workmen, and over the next four months -- without so much as a blueprint -- they created the first “Pullman” cars.
		Pullman prospered during his years in Colorado, not because of his gold operations, which netted him only break-even wages, but because of his business ventures.
	www.ironhorse129.com /rollingstock/builders/pullman1.htm (889 words)

	Pullman Palace Car Strike
		Pullman porters worked long hours and were required to perform every conceivable passenger service.
		Consequently, when the ARU challenged the Pullman company in 1894, it was the fl porters and other fl railroad men who did not come to the Union's aid.
		The African American railroad workers' efforts was apparently successful because the Pullman Company defeated the strike and the ARU soon lost its power then eventually became non-existent.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/pullman/strike.html (612 words)

	RICHARD ELY ON PULLMAN, ILL., IN 1885
		Pullman, a town of eight thousand inhabitants, some ten miles from Chicago, on the Illinois Central Railroad, was founded less than four years ago by the Pullman Palace Car Company, whose president and leading spirit is Mr.
		Pullman's fundamental ideas is the commercial value of beauty, and this he has endeavored to carry out as faithfully in the town which bears his name as in the Pullman drawing-room and sleeping cars.
		Pullman has partially solved one of the great problems of the immediate present, which is a diffusion of the benefits of concentrated wealth among wealth-creators.
	www.library.cornell.edu /Reps/DOCS/pullman.htm (7386 words)

	"For the Further Benefit of Our People": George Pullman Answers His Strikers
		For workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company in the 1890s, home was the company town of Pullman, Illinois, and rent was deducted from their wages.
		While owner George Pullman touted it as a model town, the men and women who labored there during the 1893 depression endured starvation wages, deplorable living and working conditions, and, worst of all, Pullman’s paternalistic control over all aspects of their lives.
		There are hundreds of tenements in Pullman renting for from $6 to $9 per month, and the tenants are relieved from the usual expenses of exterior cleaning and the removal of garbage, which is done by the company.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5306 (1137 words)

	Fake "Pullman Silver Palace Car Company" Railroad Lanterns
		While referred to as additional Silver Palace cars, these were actually much like the Pullman cars that Barney and Smith were then building for the Pullman Palace Car Company, so much so that Pullman filed suite against Barney and Smith for patent infringement.
		The newer sleeping cars (built by Barney and Smith) were rebuilt as Pullman cars while the older Silver Palace cars went into secondary service for Pullman, and were later returned to Central Pacific and rebuilt into a variety of other types of cars, including business cars, dining cars, and coaches.
		Pullman acquired control of the Silver Palace Car Co. early in the 1870s and absorbed it into the Pullman Palace Car Company.
	cprr.org /Museum/Ephemera/Fake_Lantern.html (506 words)

	Political Players
		George M. Pullman was born in a small New York town in 1831.
		Pullman was "destined to be regarded as a stubborn, ungenerous, autocrat and a prime example of all that was worst about capitalism in his time." He died a hated man in October of 1897, buried under tons of steel and concrete in a Chicago cemetary.
		Reverend William H. Carwardine, pastor of the first Methodist Church in Pullman, was one of the most influential figures in the Pullman Strike.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~HYPER/INCORP/pullman/players.html (630 words)

	Historic Pullman - Chicago, Illinois
		Pullman does not believe that a great manufacturing concern can meet with the highest economic and moral success where the profit is unduly large to capital, with no corresponding benefit to labor.
		George M. Pullman, founder of the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1867, created the town of Pullman, the first planned model industrial town.
		Through the effort of numerous Pullman residents, Pullman became a State Landmark in 1969, a National Landmark District in 1971, and a City of Chicago Landmark in 1972.
	members.aol.com /PullmanIL/history.html (470 words)

	History
		George Mortimer Pullman's social, political, and economic endeavors form a major chapter in the history of the City of Chicago, and in fact, in the Industrial Revolution of the United States.
		Although the town of Pullman had by this time become part of the city of Chicago, the school successfully fulfilled the intentions of its founder by serving the children of employees of the Pullman car works and the Pullman-Roseland communities.
		Pullman's vision to provide educational opportunities for students has continued through the work of the Foundation's Board of Directors, executive directors, and staff.
	www.pullmanfoundation.org /history.htm (1451 words)

	The Town of Pullman - Historic Pullman Foundation
		This town was the physical expression of an idea born and nurtured in the mind of George M. Pullman, President of the Pullman Palace Car Company.
		Pullman realized the necessity of building his town it would have accessibility to the big city markets and railroad connections with the enitre country.
		In 1991 the state of Illinois purchased the Hotel Florence and the Pullman Factory and Clock Tower buildings under the auspices of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.
	www.pullmanil.org /town.htm (387 words)

	At Home: 1850: PULLMAN'S PALACE CAR COMPANY
		The company provides and pays a physician and surgeon by the year to furnish to injured employees necessary treatment and drugs.
		It is, however, also a part of his employment to secure from the injured party a written statement as to the causes of injury, and it is his custom to urge the acceptance of any offered settlement.
		The conditions created at Pullman enable the management at all times to assert with great vigor its assumed right to fix wages and rents absolutely, and to repress that sort of independence which leads to labor organizations attempts at mediation, arbitration, strikes, etc.
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/athome/1850/voices/curtis/car.htm (552 words)

	Historic Pullman Foundation
		The Historic Pullman Foundation was founded in 1973 to serve as a vehicle for preservation and restoration activities within the Pullman Historic District in Chicago, Illinois.
		It was built in 1880-84 as a planned model industrial town by George M. Pullman for the Pullman Palace Car Company.
		Solon Spencer Beman was the architect of the town of Pullman and Nathan Franklin Barrett was the landscape architect.
	www.pullmanil.org (152 words)

	Pullman Strike, Debs, injunctions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the company town of Pullman, near Chicago, a strike by American Railway Union workers began as prices and rents remained fixed at their previous levels.
		George Pullman, the company president, refused arbritration in the dispute, prompting Eugene Debs and the ARU's national council to call a nationwide union boycott of Pullman cars.
		Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld was sympathetic to the workers and refused to call out the militia (he became a heroic champion for workers), but the Pullman Company convinced US Attorney General Richard Olney to obtain a federal court injunction to halt the strikes.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~mwfriedm/terms/david16.html (770 words)

	Pullman strike - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		PULLMAN STRIKE [Pullman strike] in U.S. history, an important labor dispute.
		They sought support from their union, the American Railway Union (ARU), led by Eugene V. Debs, and on June 26 the ARU called a boycott of all Pullman railway cars.
		Pullman museum site languishes 7 years after fire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-pullmans.html (344 words)

	Broken Spirits: Letters on the Pullman Strike
		Typically, Pullman blamed the workers for their problems, arguing that if they had not struck they would not be suffering.
		Our places have been filled with workmen from all over the United States, brought here by the Pullman Company, and the surplus were turned away to walk the streets and starve also.
		Two representatives of your company were with me and we found the distress as great as it was represented.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5363 (1428 words)

	The Historic Pullman House
		The Pullman House is among the oldest remaining buildings of Colorado, built in the fall of 1859 near Golden as a way station at the crossroads leading to the most famous gold fields in the region.
		In 1860 it was purchased by Pullman and associates who assembled its land together with neighboring parcels into the Cold Spring Ranch, among the best-known way station ranches in Colorado Territory.
		Pullman used this ranch and other businesses to raise the money he needed to realize his dream of creating the famed Pullman Palace Car Company.
	pullman.goldenlandmarks.com (388 words)

	George M. Pullman
		I took two of the old sleeping cars and remolded them to my satisfaction, only to be turned down by the railroad companies.
		The Pullman Company built, staffed, and operated the Pullman cars.
		I sat by the window night after night staring blankly at the dimly lit streets, still hearing their shouts and blood curdling screams of the children and wives of the men when they saw the battle being waged.
	www.northstar.k12.ak.us /schools/ryn/projects/inventors/pullman/pullman.html (884 words)

	The Stan Iverson Memorial Library & Anarchist Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pullman, both the man and the town, is an ulcer on the body politic.
		June 15, 22 The Pullman Company refused to receive any communication from the American Railway Union or to permit five proposed arbitrators to determine whether there was anything to arbitrate.
		Debs went to prison, his ARU was disbanded, and Pullman employees henceforth signed a pledge that they would never again unionize.
	recollectionbooks.com /siml/library/PullmanStrike.htm (1249 words)

	Historic Pullman Collection
		The town of Pullman, Illinois was founded in 1880 by George M. Pullman as a site for his car-building operations (Pullman Palace Car Company) and to house his employees.
		George Pullman was unwilling to compromise, and the Pullman Strike of 1894 was the result (which served as a milestone in the continuing development of the labor movement).
		The material comprising the Historic Pullman Collection was brought together by the members of the Calumet Pioneer Historical Society, the Pullman Public Library, and other sources in the community throughout the 1900s to the early 1970s.
	www.chipublib.org /008subject/012special/hpc.html (2497 words)

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