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	SRM Features: Pullman Fundamentals
		The first prototype "sleeper car" was the result of modifications made to a standard coach in 1859.
		Cars from this era were still made entirely of wood (except for the wheels and axles); heat came from a wood-burning stove and light from candles.
		The Pullman Company began the practice of supplying sheets, blankets, and pillows, causing some difficulty with frequent passengers who were accustomed to sleeping in their boots and coats.
	www.srmduluth.org /Features/pullmans.htm (676 words)

	The Pullman's Palace Car Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		This car, with its permanent bunks at three levels, was imitated by a number of railroads.
		Pullman hired a craftsman in the Alton shops, who hired a couple of workmen, and over the next four months -- without so much as a blueprint -- they created the first “Pullman” cars.
		Pullman prospered during his years in Colorado, not because of his gold operations, which netted him only break-even wages, but because of his business ventures.
	www.ironhorse129.com /rollingstock/builders/pullman1.htm (889 words)

	Sleeping car - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The interior of a Pullman car on the Chicago and Alton Railroad circa 1900.
		Pullman cars were normally a dark "Pullman green," although some were painted in the host railroad's colors.
		One possibly unanticipated consequence of the rise of Pullman cars in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was their effect on civil rights and African American culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pullman_car (1445 words)

	Pullman Palace Car Strike
		Pullman porters worked long hours and were required to perform every conceivable passenger service.
		The pullman porters were working with a smile, not because they were grateful, but because they had no choice.
		Consequently, when the ARU challenged the Pullman company in 1894, it was the fl porters and other fl railroad men who did not come to the Union's aid.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/pullman/strike.html (612 words)

	Graceland Cemetery: George Pullman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		George Pullman (1831-97) was the inventor of the Pullman sleeping car.
		Pullman joked that the town had been named for both of them: the first syllable of his name, the second syllable of Beman's.
		Pullman was so hated by his employees that when he died in 1897, his heirs feared that the body would be stolen and held for ransom.
	www.graveyards.com /IL/Cook/graceland/pullman.html (327 words)

	Pullman Car Hiawatha (Thornton Wilder Society)
		Pullman Car Hiawatha was first published on November 5, 1931, in a volume entitled The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act.
		First, he explains that the set, a combination of balcony, stairs, and footlights, is a Pullman car traveling from New York to Chicago; the audience is to imagine this car as having an aisle and nine compartment, each with a lower and upper berth.
		These areas, like the passengers of the Pullman car, voice their thoughts and concerns, and other characters, such as The Tramp and The Workman, who is the ghost of a German railway worker, speak of hardships far bleaker than those of the train's passengers.
	www.tcnj.edu /~wilder/works/pullman.html (1650 words)

	American Experience \| Chicago: City of the Century \| People & Events
		Pullman took the capital he earned from raising buildings and moved on to developing a new venture, luxury railroad cars.
		This was not unusual in the age of the robber barons, but he didn't reduce the rent in Pullman, because he had guaranteed his investors a 6% return on their investments in the town.
		Pullman's reputation was soiled by the strike, and then officially tarnished by the presidential commission that investigated the incident.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/chicago/peopleevents/p_pullman.html (933 words)

	[No title]
		George Pullman was the inventor of the Pullman sleeping car.
		When Pullman refused to lower rents, workers went on a strike that eventually had to be broken by federal troops.
		Pullman cars of the 1860s and '70s eased travel and offered some luxury, notwithstanding the perils of early train travel.
	www.lycos.com /info/george-pullman.html (349 words)

	History Files - Pullman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pullman foresaw the growth of a rail-dominated economy and with it the growing wealth of the professional class.
		The Pioneer, Pullman's first attempt at a luxury car, initially failed because it was too wide for railway platforms and bridges and the railroads refused to accommodate it.
		But after the Pullman car was included as part of President Lincoln's funeral train in May 1865, both Pullman and his car received national publicity and soon became famous for luxury train travel.
	www.chicagohs.org /history/pullman/pul1.html (270 words)

	Railroad collections
		His first sleeping car built to his specifications was the "Pioneer" which was ready, by coincidence, to carry part of the Lincoln funeral party from Chicago to Springfield in 1865.
		Pullman built the Pullman Palace Car manufacturing plant in a new town near Chicago which was along the Illinois Central Railroad line in 1880.
		There are technical materials relating to the operations of the Company, including the assignment of Pullman cars especially during the break-up of the Company under court order when it sold off all of its operations of the cars and only maintained the manufacture of them.
	americanhistory.si.edu /archives/d8181.htm (787 words)

	Lemelson-MIT Program
		George Mortimer Pullman, inventor of the Pullman sleeping car, was born on March 3, 1831 in Brocton, New York.
		Pullman's father had been involved in contracting the moving of large buildings when the Erie Canal was widened.
		The luxurious cars had sleeper compartments with fine sheets and pillows, and were outfitted with accordioned connectors between cars to keep out wind and noise.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/pullman.html (534 words)

	Pullmans Palace Car Company
		Pullman, George Mortimer (1831-97), American inventor, who designed the first modern railroad sleeping car and patented his innovations—folding upper berths and seats that could extend into lower berths—in 1863.
		Pullman, George Mortimer, 1831–97, American industrialist and developer of the railroad sleeping car, b.
		The town of Pullman, now part of Chicago, was built (1880) for the company and its workers.
	cprr.org /Museum/Ephemera/Pullman_Palace_Car_Co.html (3267 words)

	The Pullman Car (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		This car, currently numbered for it's last owner as SPMW 5535, has led an average life, however; that is exactly what makes this piece a viable part of the JTandS museum.
		The car was subsequently sold to the Southern Pacific in November 1953 due to the Pullman anti-trust suit, and eventually was converted to a Maintenance of Way bunk car.
		The car was moved by highway from San Bernadino to the JTandS in the 70's, and was undergoing a conversion to a roomette/lounge car.
	www.jtsrr.org /browsers/pullman.html (438 words)

	The History of The Classic Pullman Rail Car DOVER HARBOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pullman having realized the value of the design features of the cars, had negotiated with the various railroads to trade a series of Clover cars (8-section, 5-double bedroom) for the Dover Series cars.
		Pullman created an empire, which during its peak in the 1930's was responsible for the construction, ownership, and operation of a fleet of over eight-thousand sleeper, parlor, club, and cafe cars.
		Pullman Incorporated, its successor, continued to construct freight and passenger cars until it was sold to Bombardier Corporation of Canada in the 1970's.
	www.doverharbor.com /history.htm (1351 words)

	George Pullman Summary
		Pullman then raised the existing buildings and built a new foundation under them, a technique his father used to move homes during the widening of the Erie Canal.
		He used his money and success to develop a comfortable railroad sleeping car, the Pullman sleeper, or "palace car." the first one was finished in 1864.
		Loathing for Pullman remained, and when he died in 1897, he was buried in Graceland Cemetery at night in a lead-lined coffin within an elaborately reinforced steel-and-concrete vault.
	www.bookrags.com /George_Pullman (1826 words)

	Rail Cars - Car Builder's Dictionary - CPRR Photographic History Museum
		The newer sleeping cars (built by Barney and Smith) were rebuilt as Pullman cars while the older Silver Palace cars went into secondary service for Pullman, and were later returned to Central Pacific and rebuilt into a variety of other types of cars, including business cars, dining cars, and coaches.
		Pullman, however, lost out to sleeping cars owned by the railroads themselves, with all profits therefor passing to the railroad companies.
		Pullman's outstanding accomplishment forshadowing his later career was to move an entire hotel which did not lose a day's business, forshadowing his ultimate success in creating mobile hotel railroad cars.
	cprr.org /Museum/Car_Builders_Dictionary (1266 words)

	Pullmans Palace Car Co. - Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pullman established his first car works at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1866, and in the following year incorporated the Pullmans Palace Car Company at Chicago, Illinois (note there is no apostrophe in “Pullmans”), with a capital of $1 million, to manufacture the railroad sleeping car he had perfected.
		Pullman was making chair cars and dining cars under contract for the railroads themselves, but he would not sell his sleeping car.
		By 1880, Pullman cars were on nearly two-thirds of the nation’s tracks, and in 1880 Pullman commenced the erection of his great works at the town of that name, which he also founded, south of Chicago.
	www.ironhorse129.com /rollingstock/builders/pullman3.htm (1203 words)

	History
		Although the town of Pullman had by this time become part of the city of Chicago, the school successfully fulfilled the intentions of its founder by serving the children of employees of the Pullman car works and the Pullman-Roseland communities.
		Pullman's vision to provide educational opportunities for students has continued through the work of the Foundation's Board of Directors, executive directors, and staff.
		Florence Lowden Miller, granddaughter of George M. Pullman, served more than 50 years as director and president of the Pullman Educational Foundation (and its predecessor, the Pullman Free School of Manual Training), and was then succeeded by her son, Phillip Lowden Miller.
	www.pullmanfoundation.org /history.htm (1451 words)

	Pullman Shops - Valley series 6-6-4
		The car would be built with the patented Shotweld process that produced a full size car with a great savings in weight over the standard riveted cars (83,000 vs. 160,000 lbs.) The shiny fluted sides gave a pleasant appearance to the car and were easy to maintain.
		Cars builders needed to retool after their efforts in war production and had a huge backlog of orders to fill.
		This was accomplished by masking lines along the car and using a spray gun to feather the gray underneath the tape.
	www.pullmanshops.com /atsfvalley.htm (710 words)

	George Mortimer Pullman Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The idea of a sleeping car for railroads was not new, and various efforts had been made to construct and operate such cars before Pullman joined the field.
		Pullman remodeled two passenger cars into sleepers, using the principle of an upper berth hinged to the side of the car and supported by two jointed arms.
		Initially, Pullman contracted for his cars; in 1870 he began construction in Detroit, although the headquarters remained in Chicago.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/george-mortimer-pullman (464 words)

	Pullman Palace Sleeping Car (Getty Museum)
		In this ornate sleeping car, not even the rowdiest Westerners were allowed to wear their boots to bed.
		Prior to the Pullman car, most rail coaches consisted of little more than rickety wooden boxes with wooden seats or benches, inadequate heating and ventilation systems, and inadequate springs that made for a rough ride.
		Pullman's sleeping car was revolutionary for its service as well as its comfort.
	www.getty.edu /art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=135486 (183 words)

	Historic Pullman - Chicago, Illinois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pullman does not believe that a great manufacturing concern can meet with the highest economic and moral success where the profit is unduly large to capital, with no corresponding benefit to labor.
		Most of the town of Pullman was built between 1880-84, by architect Solon Beman and landscape architect Nathan Barrett.
		Through the effort of numerous Pullman residents, Pullman became a State Landmark in 1969, a National Landmark District in 1971, and a City of Chicago Landmark in 1972.
	members.aol.com /PullmanIL/history.html (470 words)

	Pullman-Standard Plant / Hammond, Indiana
		The all steel pullman car was a product of many subassembly components.
		Next electrical conduit, steam and water pipes along with insulation are installed between the outer and inner walls and roof, now the car is ready for paint.
		Now each car must undergo a series of rigorous tests before it is put into service.
	www.hammondindiana.com /history/pullman.htm (547 words)

	1894 Private Pullman Palace Car (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The car was put in storage briefly during World War 1, but soon thereafter Burnett died and the car was purchased from his estate for $11,120.66.
		In 1922 the Frisco purchased the car and renumbered it as the 1922… the year it was acquired.
		In the 1960s the car was repainted in the new Frisco color scheme of orange and white.
	www.fredericksburg-lodging.com /Pullman-car/6666.htm (454 words)

	Pullman Car Construction Record Spreadsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Pullman’s Car Construction Records were intended to show a car’s status, not it’s history.
		(Pullman green) until 10/8/53, when it was repainted into the NYC paint scheme specified in drawing CE-D-7047.
		Pullman's data entry clerk did not date the D5062F entry, nor did he cross out what is probably an erronious UP repaint date (6/9/55 instead of 6/9/56).
	home.att.net /~pullmanproject/Confused_entries.htm (394 words)

	Private Pullman Car Charter Service along New Hampshire's lakes and mountains, and through the White Mountains
		Pullman Rail Tours, LLC, is pleased to announce a unique opportunity to relive history aboard magnificently appointed rail cars.
		The stately 1928 Pullman Palace Car, "Suitsme", features an open observation platform with brass handrails, lush interior appointements and handcrafted mahogany woodwork.
		Together, these extraordinary rail cars provide a backdrop for an entertainment experience second to none.
	www.pullmanrailtours.com (196 words)

	Historic Pullman Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Historic Pullman Foundation was founded in 1973 to serve as a vehicle for preservation and restoration activities within the Pullman Historic District in Chicago, Illinois.
		It was built in 1880-84 as a planned model industrial town by George M. Pullman for the Pullman Palace Car Company.
		Solon Spencer Beman was the architect of the town of Pullman and Nathan Franklin Barrett was the landscape architect.
	www.pullmanil.org (152 words)

	Gold Coast Railroad Museum - Ferdinand Magellan
		These cars were all placed in the Pullman general service pool at about the same time and were operated by the Pullman Company over many of the nation's railroads.
		This color was chosen for the Pullman fleet for several reasons, not the least of which is it's ability to not show the type of soot and dirt that accumulates on railroad cars painted in a lighter livery!
		Two escape hatches were built into the car, one in the ceiling of the observation lounge and one on the side wall of the shower/bath in the Presidential bathroom, near the center of the car.
	www.goldcoast-railroad.org /magellan.htm (652 words)

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