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Topic: Pullulan

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Polysaccharide

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	Patent 4029616: Polymer composition of ethylenic compounds and pullulan
		A polymer composition comprising pullulan and an ethylenic compound is obtained by polymerizing the ethylenic compound in the presence of pullulan and in the presence or absence of a solvent and a catalyst.
		Pullulan is such a high molecular weight linear polymer that units of maltotriose, which is a trimer of glucose, have been repeatedly bonded through.alpha.-1,6 linkages which are different from those of said trimer, and has the molecular structure represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 20 to 10,000.
		According to the present invention, the polymerization of an ethylenic compound in the presence of pullulan is not particularly restricted in procedure, and may be carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent and a catalyst.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4029616.html (2722 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5518902 - High pullulan content product, and its preparation and uses - May 21, 1996
		Pullulan, a viscous glucan which is prepared by allowing a microorganism capable of producing pullulan to cultivate under aerobic conditions in a nutrient culture medium containing a saccharide such as mono- and oligo-saccharides, has been industrially produced.
		Preparations of pullulan by using a continuous culture, however, were biochemically and biotechnologically studied in these publications, the concentration of a saccharide such as glucose, sucrose and peat hydrolyzate was low as 2-5 w/v %, and the influence of the viscosity of a nutrient culture medium was not studied.
		The pullulan productivity was determined by measuring the pullulan content (g), d.s.b., per L and per an hour in a portion of a nutrient culture medium sampled at a time of 300-320 hours during the continuous culture.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5518902.html (5141 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000099
		Pullulan is soluble in hot and cold water and is generally insoluble in organic solvents.
		Pullulan is produced during mesophilic fermentation of starch syrup by the fungus A.
		Hayashibara notes differences between pullulan and these polyglucoses in the relative proportions of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 bonds, the tertiary structure of the molecule, and the extent and mechanism of degradation in the human gut.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g099.html (1546 words)

	Pullulan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pullulan is a polysaccharide polymer consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan.
		Pullulan is produced from starch by the yeast Aureobasidium pullulans.
		As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine™ Cool Mint PocketPaks™.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pullulan (120 words)

	Patent 6,916,796
		Pullulan is a water-soluble, viscous polysaccharide, an alpha-glucan, consisting of glucose units with a relatively simple linear structure, that is, units of three alpha-1,4-linked glucose molecules that are repeatedly polymerized by alpha-1,6 linkages on the terminal glucose.
		The pullulan is recovered from the culture fluid by centrifugation.
		While the pullulan may be administered as a single entity, it will typically be incorporated into food products and consumed by the diabetic during their meals or snack.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/July2005/071205/6916796_Pullulan071205.htm (3600 words)

	Patent 4095525: Protective coating material for lithographic printing plate
		The pullulan to be used in the invention is known, and is not particularly restricted to its preparation process.
		In order to promote the adsorption of pullulan or pullulan derivative to the metallic surface, it is also permitted to incorporate into pullulan or pullulan derivative at least one member selected from phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, acetic acid and the like as an additive.
		However, pullulan or pullulan derivatives having any molecular weight can be used if the concentration of the solution is controlled so as to give a solution viscosity of 10 to 100 cp, preferably about 25 to 60 cp at 20.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4095525.html (1617 words)

	In vitro cytotoxicity studies of hydrogel pullulan nanoparticles prepared by aot/n-hexane micellar system.
		Preparation of Pullulan Nanoparticles: Pullulan nanoparticles were prepared inside the inner aqueous core of reverse micellar droplets formed by dissolving surfactant, AOT in n-hexane (23).
		The principal advantages of pullulan, a nonionic polysaccharide, as a macromolecular drug carrier are high water solubility, no toxicity, lack of immunogenicity and usefulness as a plasma expander (31-33).
		Pullulan nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous core of the reverse micelles formed by dissolving a surfactant AOT in n-Hexane.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS7(1)/M.Gupta/pullulan.htm (4308 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Use of Pullulan as a Slowly Digested Carbohydrate This application is directed to the discovery of a new slowly digested carbohydrate, pullulan, and to its use in the dietary management of diabetics and to food products containing pullulan.
		Pullulan is a water-soluble, viscous polysaccharide, an alpha-glucan, consisting of glucose units with a relatively simple linear structure, that is, units of three alpha-1, 4- linked glucose molecules that are repeatedly polymerized by alpha-1, 6 linkages on the terminal glucose.
		Pullulan was digested slowly over the 3 hour meal glucose tolerance test as indicated by a reduced early phase excursion and then a maintenance of the later phase excursion compared with maltodextrin, a rapidly digested starch.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/105605.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7790 words)

	Technical Program Paper Detail - AIChE
		Pullulan is a microbial polysaccharide of promising industrial potential, e.g.
		Pullulan titer was substantially higher (26.2 vs. 5.1 g/l) and biomass concnetration substantially lower (12.7 vs 6.9 g/l) when using a marine type impeller as compared to a Rushton type.
		Pullulan produced by NRRL 2311-1 ranged in mean molecular weight from 486 kda and 220 da (weight and number averages) on day 1 to 390 kda and 690 da on day 6; weight-average molecular weight declined by about 35 % from day 1 to day 3, the day of maximum titer.
	www.aiche.org /conferences/techprogram/paperdetail.asp?PaperID=273&DSN=annual01 (229 words)

	Enerex.ca \| Pullulan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pullulan is an extracellular water-soluble bacterial polysaccharide produced from beet molasses by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
		As an odorless white colored powder, pullulan is easily soluble in water to make a clear and viscous solution.
		Typical nutraceutical uses of pullulan are as food coatings, as an ingredient of low calorie foods and as a starch substitute and a bulking agent and stabilizer for tablets in the pharmaceutical industry.
	www.enerex.ca /articles/pullulan.htm (91 words)

	Papylum Results
		Namely, molecular weight is related to the concentration of end-groups and in the case of both pullulan and cellulose the end groups are aldehydes.
		Abstract: Degradation of pullulan samples of narrow molecular weight distribution was studied in O2 and N2 atmosphere at 180 °C and in air at 80 °C, 65%RH.
		Correlations between the concentration of aldehyde end-groups in the pullulan samples, rates of degradation and the content of peroxides after a pre-oxidation treatment, as determined by the use of chemiluminometry, were demonstrated.
	papylum.uni-lj.si /results.htm (1229 words)

	Patent 6,740,332
		It is believed that the unique mixture of at least three film forming agents other than pullulan, for example, a maltodextrin, a hydrocolloid and a bulk filler, can provide a "stand alone" edible film composition which exhibits many of the same desirable properties exhibited by the more expensive pullulan-based edible film.
		In doing so, it is believed that the pullulan free edible film compositions of the present invention more uniformly release the medicament into the oral cavity for absorption via open wounds or mucous membrane in a greater manner than could be previously achieved.
		Moreover, it is also believed that the mixture of film-forming agents of the present invention can entrap the medicament within the oral cavity for an extended period of time to prolong and enhance the effects of the medicament.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/May2004/052504/6740332_EdibleFilm052504.htm (2705 words)

	NPcaps Capsules
		NPcaps are an all-natural, two-piece non-animal capsule suitable for addressing a variety of cultural and dietary requirements, including those of vegetarians, diabetics and patients with restricted diets.
		NPcaps are made from pullulan, a water-soluble polysaccharide produced through a fermentation process.
		Pullulan is very stable and well-characterized, and has achieved wide regulatory acceptance with its proven safety record.
	www.capsugel.com /products/npcaps.php (126 words)

	SERWIS BIOTECHNOLOGICZNY
		Fungus Aureobasidium pullulans is the producer of numerous valuable substances (enzymes, melanins, antibiotics).
		Pullulan - the product of metabolism of A. pullulans strains has a great potential utility in food industry.
		Since chemical synthesis of pullulan is expensive, a great effort has been made to improve the productivity of A. pullulans strains.
	www.biotechnologia.com.pl /?sectionID=15&q=0&tc=4&id=1&j_id=96 (128 words)

	Pullulan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pullulan is a polysaccharide polymer based on maltotriose, also known as α-1,4'- ;α-1,6'-glucan.
		It is produced from starch by the yeast Aureobasidium pullulans.
		As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine™ Cool Mint PocketPaks™.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pullulan.htm (152 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Agency Response Letter: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000072
		Pullulan is a linear polysaccharide composed of maltotriose units linked by alpha-D-(1,6) bonds.
		Pullulanase is used in the wet milling of corn starch, during the saccharification with glucoamylase, to specifically cleave the 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in amylopectin and pullulan.
		This use of pullulanase reduces the level of glucoamylase that is used during saccharification, increases the ultimate glucose yield, allows the saccharification process to be carried out at higher levels of dissolved solids, and shortens the saccharification time.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/opa-g072.html (1557 words)

	Optimization of High Molecular Weight Pullulan Production by Aureobasidium pullulans in Batch Fermentations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Of five strains of Aureobasidium pullulans studied, NRRL Y-2311-1 yielded the highest titer (26.2 g/L) of pullulan and formed the lowest amount of melanin-like pigment.
		Sucrose was superior to glucose as the carbon and energy source on the basis of yield and titer of pullulan produced.
		Pullulan titer was higher (26.2 vs 5.1 g/L), biomass concentration was lower (6.9 vs 12.7 g/L), and DO was lower (0 vs 60% of saturation) when the fermenter was agitated by a marine propeller compared to Rushton impellers.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bipret/2002/18/i03/abs/bp0200043.html (219 words)

	Shionogi Qualicaps - Products - Capsules - Future Possibilities For Capsules
		Pullulan is a water-soluble polysaccharide derived by bacterial fermentation from corn.
		The film formation properties of Pullulan are similar to gelatin and dried capsules are comparatively weak in physical strength.
		Like gelatin, Pullulan requires water to act as a film plasticiser, which may have a negative effect on active ingredients.
	www.qualicaps.com /prodCapsPullulan.cfm (410 words)

	Online Pharmacy, Tramadol, Paxil, antibiotics, amoxicillin, zithromax, Rx Online, pharmaceuticals, DHEA, prescription ...
		Pullulan acetate (PA), as hydrophobized pullulan, was synthesized by the acetylation of pullulan.
		The particle size distribution of the PA was determined using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and the number-average particle size was found to depend upon the degree of acetylation of PA. Morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the PA nanospheres were spherical in shape.
		The fluorescence probe technique was used to study the self-association behavior of hydrophobized pullulans in water using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe.
	www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/clonazepam-online-rx/clonazepam-online-rx.92.html (623 words)

	Controlling Substrate Preference and Transglycosylation Activity of Neopullulanase by Manipulating Steric Constraint ...
		Pullulan and Starch Hydrolyses by Wild-type and Mutated Neopullulanases
		When the preference for pullulan was expressed as the ratio of the specific activities for pullulan to starch, the value of wild-type neopullulanase was 2.09.
		The specificity of neopullulanase toward pullulan was consequently increased by the I358V mutation.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/271/29/17321 (5334 words)

	E F S A \| European Food Safety Authority
		Pullulan is a polysaccharide produced from a yeast.
		Pullulan has been used as a food ingredient for over 20 years in Japan.
		The toxicological database for pullulan is limited but indicates that pullulan is of low toxicity.
	www.efsa.eu.int /science/afc/afc_opinions/629_en.html (468 words)

	73D-39 Characteristics of pullulan-based edible films (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pullulan is an extracellular bacterial polysaccharide produced from starch by Aureobasidium pullulans.
		In addition, pullulan films were prepared with gelling agents with 5-10% of pullulan by weight.
		Free standing films were prepared with pullulan and their properties could be properly modified by adding various gelling agents.
	ift.confex.com /ift/2001/techprogram/paper_8310.htm (322 words)

	What is pullulan? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pullulan is a neutral glucan (like Amylose, Dextran, Cellulose), with a chemical structure somewhat depending on carbon source, producing microorganism (different strains of Aureobasidium pullulans), fermentation conditions.
		The basic structure is a linear a-glucan one, made from three glucose units linked a-1,4 in maltotriose units which are linked in a a-1,6 way.
		Depending on biosynthesis and purification procedure, a pullulan product may contain heteropolysaccharides or acid polysaccharides as impurities.
	www.ncpri.ro /pullulan/en/7285/index.html (120 words)

	Biosynthesis of Novel Exopolymers by Aureobasidium pullulans -- Lee et al. 65 (12): 5265 -- Applied and Environmental ...
		Pullulan biosynthesis is accomplished through mediation of sugar nucleotide-lipid carrier intermediates associated with the
		The pullulan content of exopolymers synthesized with glucose as the energy source decreased with culture time (4).
		Influence of the acidity of the medium, conditions of aeration, and temperature on pullulan biosynthesis by polyploid strains of Pullularia (Aureobasidium) pullulans.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/65/12/5265 (3253 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Biotechnological Production and Applications of Pullulan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Technical Abstract: Pullulan is a unique biopolymer with many useful traits and hundreds of patented applications.
		However, despite the fact that pullulan has been in commercial production for more than 25 years, few of these potential uses have been widely adopted.
		Nevertheless, the last few years have seen a resurgence in interest in pullulan, particularly for higher-value health and pharmaceutical applications.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=147084 (100 words)

	Pullulan film compositions patent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The pullulan esters can be shaped by compression molding or extrusion at elevated temperatures or by evaporation of solvents from their solutions to form shaped bodies such as films or coatings.
		3,873,333 discloses adhesives or pastes prepared by dissolving or dispersing uniformly a pullulan ester and/or ether in water or in a mixture of water and acetone in an amount between 5 percent to 40 percent of the solvent.
		The improved articles are manufactured by means of a process comprising bringing a mixture or shaped composition of a (a) pullulan or a water soluble derivative thereof and (b) polyuronide or a water-soluble salt thereof in contact with an aqueous and/or alcoholic solution of a di- or polyvalent metallic ion.
	www.freshpatents.com /Pullulan-film-compositions-dt20050210ptan20050031853.php (1652 words)

	Potential of polysaccharide anchored liposomes in drug delivery, targeting and immunization
		Among the macromolecular polysaccharides reported as molecular carriers are, mannan, amylopectin, pullulan and dextran, either in their native form or as carrier-conjugates.
		Palmitoyl conjugates of pullulan, pullulan phosphate, amylopectin, amylopectin phosphate, mannan and dextrans have been employed intensively to coat the liposomes (10).
		The liposomes were anchored with hydrazide pullulan to stabilize the phospholipid capsules and to provide an anchor for the immobilization of antibodies.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS4(2)/S.Vyas/liposomes.htm (9817 words)

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