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	Pulmonary Embolism \| AHealthyMe.com
		Pulmonary embolism is an obstruction of a blood vessel in the lungs, usually due to a blood clot, which blocks a coronary artery.
		Pulmonary embolism is caused by emboli that travel through the blood stream to the lungs and block a pulmonary artery.
		Pulmonary angiography is the most reliable test for diagnosing pulmonary embolism but it is not used often, because it carries some risk and is expensive, invasive, and not readily available in many hospitals.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/pulmonary (1122 words)

	Pulmonary Edema \| AHealthyMe.com
		Pulmonary edema is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, usually because the heart's left ventricle does not pump adequately.
		Pulmonary edema is a common complication of heart disorders, and most cases of the condition are associated with heart failure.
		Sometimes pulmonary artery catheterization is performed to confirm that the patient has pulmonary edema and not a disease with similar symptoms (called adult respiratory distress syndrome or "noncardiogenic pulmonary edema").
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/pulmonaryedema (934 words)

	eMedicine - Pulmonary Angiography : Article by Hearns W Charles, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A 20-mL test dose of nonionic contrast agent is administered, and a single section is obtained at the level of the main pulmonary arterial bifurcation at 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds after the administration of contrast agent bolus.
		Pulmonary arterial hypertension is also associated with connective tissue disorders and liver disease, the use of appetite-suppressing drugs (phentermine and fenfluramine), the use of oral contraceptives, hyperuricemia (Oliaro, 2000), and HIV disease (Gaine, 2000; Oliaro, 2000; Aguilar, 2000).
		Left pulmonary angiogram was obtained in a 24-year old man with recurrent hemoptysis to verify a possible pulmonary varix, as suggested on the CT scan (same patient as in Images 10-11).
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic851.htm (10054 words)

	An approach to diagnostic imaging of suspected pulmonary embolism American Family Physician - Find Articles
		Pulmonary embolism is frequently in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory symptoms in adult patients.
		Pulmonary embolism will be diagnosed in about 10 to 20 percent of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism who are seen in an outpatient setting.
		When pulmonary embolism is correctly diagnosed and the patient is appropriately treated with anticoagulation therapy, the mortality rate is reduced by 75 percent.[2] Despite the clear advantage of anticoagulation for persons with pulmonary embolism, an accurate diagnosis is essential because of the hemorrhagic complications associated with anticoagulant therapy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n3_v53/ai_18134920 (767 words)

	The Poor Man's Nukes - March 1998
		Nerve agents are extreme hazards in their liquid and vapor states and can cause death minutes after exposure.
		Description: A major military threat agent since its introduction in World War I, mustard is an oily liquid with color ranging from a light yellow to brown and has an odor of garlic, onion, or mustard (hence its name).
		Cyanides are sometimes called "blood agents." Cyanides are in liquid state in munitions but rapidly vaporize upon detonation of the munitions.
	www.afa.org /magazine/march1998/0398po.asp (3124 words)

	MEDSTUDENTS-PNEUMOLOGY
		Small asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic pulmonary emboli are very common, and it makes sense to think that part of the lung's purpose is to act as a filter for small thrombi that otherwise would pass into the arterial circulation.
		Emergency surgical removal of freshly embolized thrombus is not as difficult as pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic pulmonary arterial obstruction, but the procedure still is associated with a very high mortality rate, and it is reserved for instances when there is absolute containdication to thrombolysis or when the patient's condition has failure to improve after thrombolysis.
		The choice of a thrombolytic agent for pulmonary embolism should be based on the drug's safety, efficacy, and speed of action.Mortality in patients with unstable pulmonary embolism is high, and death occurs rapidly.
	www.medstudents.com.br /pneumo/pneumo1.htm (1599 words)

	CT of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus: Does Iso-osmolar Contrast Agent Improve Vascular Opacification? -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		agent, osmotic hemodilution, and extravascular diffusion of the contrast
		Comparison of attenuation of the interlobar pulmonary artery and the left common femoral vein on transverse CT scans obtained in (a) the index case (iodixanol), (b) the control case (iohexol), and (c) the index patient 18 months before a (iohexol).
		(a) Interlobar pulmonary artery attenuation was 230 HU.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/234/3/923 (3231 words)

	PC Gov. BDPR - Major Chemical Agents
		This kind of agent is called a vesicant or blistering agent, because it causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes on contact.
		Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.
		VX is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.
	co.pinal.az.us /PubHealth/BDPR/majoragents/chemical/index.asp (476 words)

	German Chemical Weapons
		Chemical agents in the modem sense were first used in World War I, when chlorine gas was released, from large cylinders, in a favorable wind.
		These kinds of agents are called vesicants or blistering agents, because they cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes on contact.
		Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/germany/cw.htm (548 words)

	Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit
		Oxygen is a valuable therapeutic agent in treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.
		Reactive oxygen species can attack both the phospho-diester backbone of DNA (leading to strand breaks) as well as the nitrogenous bases (leading to potentially mutagenic base alterations), but it is not clear which, if either, of these effects occurs in the native lung.
		We are therefore quantifying the amount and types of DNA damage occurring in the lungs of mice and cultured cells exposed to elevated inspired oxygen concentrations ("hyperoxia").
	www.mgh.harvard.edu /pulmonarycare/research/dnadamage.html (320 words)

	Chemical Weapons
		Chemical agents are likely to be deployed in an overt attack, causing rapid onset of symptoms and mass casualties.
		The V agents were developed in the 1950s as more stable versions of the G agents.
		The diagnosis of chemical agent exposure is largely made on clinical grounds based on the presenting syndrome.
	wearcam.org /decon/decon_hair_shaved_chemical.htm (2710 words)

	FM 8-9 Part III/Chptr 4 Lung Damaging Agents (Choking Agents)
		Certain other substances, while, not likely to be used as agents, are still likely to be met with on the battlefield (e.g., nitrous fumes and zinc chloride smoke in an undeliquesced state) and may have a similar action.
		Because of its physical and chemical properties, the agent will not remain in its liquid form for long, and decontamination is not required except when it is used in very cold climates.
		It is desirable that a casualty exposed to a lung-damaging agent be kept at rest until the danger of pulmonary oedema is past, but the operational situation may prevent this.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/dod/fm8-9/3ch4.htm (1148 words)

	Should Vasopressin Be Used in Septic Shock?
		Vasopressin does not alter cerebral constriction or coronary flow, nor does it influence pulmonary arterial pressure, making it a good agent for patients with pulmonary hypertension and for those in whom a pulmonary vasoconstrictor is contraindicated.
		Landry said that the agent has been shown in several published reports to increase blood pressure without substantially depressing heart function or increasing carbon dioxide tension in the gastric mucosa.
		The agent was associated with two favorable outcomes: It increased mean arterial pressure and urine output.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /aug04/pr_aug04_vasopressin.html (1226 words)

	What is the latest Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis?
		A double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized study of the efficacy and safety of etanercept (Enbrel) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
		Pulmonary function tests and CT scan in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
		Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a new antifibrotic agent, pirfenidone: results of a prospective, open-label Phase II study.
	www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org /research.htm (296 words)

	Nitric Oxide: Pulmonary Hypertension Treatments, PH, PAH, PPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Inhaled nitric oxide is a relatively new drug that has been used in PPH patients to relax the blood vessels in the lungs without having any effect on the blood vessels of the rest of the body.
		It is a short acting agent that specifically effects pulmonary circulation.
		Inhaled nitric oxide has demonstrated the ability to produce selective pulmonary vasodilatory effects that are similar to those of inhaled Prostacyclin (Iloprost), without the side effects experienced with systemic delivery of the drug.
	www.pulmonary-hypertension-treatments.com /nitric_oxide.html (362 words)

	Nitric oxide pathway and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension -- Ghofrani et al. 43 (12): ...
		Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease of various origins.
		Sildenafil is a pulmonary vasodilator in awake lambs with acute pulmonary hypertension.
		Effect of sildenafil on the acute pulmonary vasodilator response to inhaled nitric oxide in adults with primary pulmonary hypertension.
	content.onlinejacc.org /cgi/content/full/43/12_Suppl_S/68S (2319 words)

	Effect of neuropeptide Y on hemodynamics of the rabbit lung -- Lang and Maron 84 (2): 618 -- Journal of Applied ...
		were used to flush the blood from the pulmonary vessels and discarded.
		Pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc) was determined by using the double-occlusion technique of Dawson et al.
		Changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance distribution after NPY administration are shown in Fig.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/2/618 (3176 words)

	Pulmonary Medicine at UNC - Sarcoid
		The Pulmonary Research Center is currently investigating different models of granulomatous inflammation to further advance our knowledge about the biology of this disease.
		Use of Pulmicort as a Systemic Corticosteroid Sparing Agent for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the inhaled steroid budesonide (Pulmicort) can reduce the amount of prednisone needed to control pulmonary sarcoid.
		Thalidomide for Neurosarcoidosis: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of thalidomide, an anti-inflammatory drug, as a steroid sparing agent for neurosarcoidosis.
	www.med.unc.edu /wrkunits/3ctrpgm/cystfib/sarcoid.htm (440 words)

	Improvement of Mortality by Long-Term E4010 Treatment in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats -- Kodama ...
		Pulmonary hypertension is a disease associated with progressive elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure, ultimately inducing
		Ichinose F, Adrie C, Hurford WE and Zapol WM (1995) Prolonged pulmonary vasodilation of inhaled nitric oxide by zaprinast in awake lambs.
		Terao G (1997) Inhibitory effects of beraprost sodium on the progression of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in rats: A comparison with aspirin, nifedipine and enalapril.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/290/2/748 (3709 words)

	Section 5
		At the end of this operation the tank was assessed to contain a chemical agent which tests had indicated as being a mixture of mustard and phosgene agents.
		Phosgene is a choking agent that produces pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) in those exposed to it.
		Since IRFNA is not a chemical warfare agent and is not recorded in the mobile mass spectrometer’s library, the Fox could not positively identify it.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /kuwaiti_school/kuwaiti_school_sec05.htm (3115 words)

	Clinical Trial: Catheter Thrombectomy in Patients With Massive Pulmonary Embolism
		The thrombectomy device was successfully operated in the main pulmonary artery and lower lobe pulmonary arteries in 10 surviving pigs.
		If both pulmonary arteries need to be treated, exchange the Aspirex device for a pigtail, multipurpose catheter, or other angiographic catheter to probe the contralateral pulmonary artery with the Terumo wire, and repeat step 3.
		Injection of contrast agent is required to localize obstructing pulmonary emboli and to control the success of the thrombectomy procedure.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00314002 (4495 words)

	pulmonary-agents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		If inhaled, these types of chemicals can result in varying degrees of pulmonary edema, usually after a symptom-free period that varies in duration with the amount inhaled.
		Phosgene is a chemical agent that has the odor of newly mowed hay.
		Phosgene exposure is diagnosed by recognizing the signs and symptoms (eye and airway irritation, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and delayed pulmonary edema).
	www.unitedstatesaction.com /pulmonary-agents.htm (291 words)

	Pulmonary agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pulmonary agent (or choking agent) is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe, resulting in suffocation.
		Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook: Pulmonary Agents.
		This page was last modified 16:31, 18 September 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulmonary_agent (93 words)

	Inhaled nitric oxide selectively dilates pulmonary vasculature in adult patients with pulmonary hypertension, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		to patients with pulmonary hypertension in 1991 (26).
		Inhaled nitric oxide as a screening vasodilator agent in primary pulmonary hypertension: a dose–response study and comparison with prostacyclin.
		Improvement in pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia during nitric oxide inhalation in a patient with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis.
	content.onlinejacc.org /cgi/content/full/36/7/2204 (4221 words)

	Inhibitory Effects of a Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice -- TAMAGAWA ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Pulmonary fibrosis is an entity comprising heterogeneous diseases, of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a representative
		Increased expression of platelet-derived factor A and insulin-like growth factor-1 in BAL cells during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
		Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Attenuated in {gamma}-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-Deficient Mice
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/161/4/1279 (4051 words)

	Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		The investigators found that in the more than 500 Exubera-treated patients, there was a slight decrease in pulmonary function as measured by a drop in FEV1 of about 0.07%, and a similar decrease in diffusing capacity.
		In addition to scrutinizing the safety data, the advisory panel looked at whether the efficacy of Exubera has been adequately assessed in patients with type 1 disease, and whether there is sufficient clinical trial evidence to indicate that it can be effectively applied in a regimen of tight glucose control.
		The panel was also interested in comparison data between the inhaled agent and injectable insulins, and evidence about its use in patients with type 2 disease, according to documents released by the FDA yesterday.
	www.medpagetoday.com /tbprint.cfm?tbid=1702 (675 words)

	CDC \| Facts About Phosgene
		Following exposure to high concentrations of phosgene, a person may develop fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) within 2 to 6 hours.
		Exposure to phosgene may cause delayed effects that may not be apparent for up to 48 hours after exposure, even if the person feels better or appears well following removal from exposure.
		Showing these signs or symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to phosgene.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/phosgene/basics/facts.asp (1128 words)

	FDA Advisers Endorse Inhaled Insulin Exubera - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Inform diabetes patients who might be eligible for inhaled insulin that the FDA is likely to approve this agent in the relatively near future.
		Additionally, use of the inhaled insulin was associated with a decline in the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, a measure of the ability of the lungs to transfer gas across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
		Also at the ADA, William Cefalu, M.D., of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge presented results from three two-year studies of Exubera for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Nephrology/GeneralNephrology/tb/1702 (651 words)

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