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Topic: Pulmonary aspiration

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pulmonary hypertension

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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	Pulmonary aspiration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine, aspiration is the entry of secretions or foreign material into the trachea and lungs.
		The commonest cause of severe aspiration is reguritation of stomach contents by semiconscious patients.
		Significant aspiration can only occur if the protective reflexes are absent (in neurological disease, coma, drug overdose, sedation or general anesthesia).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aspiration_(medicine) (453 words)

	Pulmonary Aspiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aspiration of oral feedings in patients with tracheostomies.
		Pulmonary aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients with tracheostomies.
		Griffin RM, Hatcher IS. Aspiration pneumonia and the laryngeal mask airway.
	www.umdnj.edu /rspthweb/bibs/aspiratn.htm (1177 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Aspiration pneumonia
		Aspiration pneumonia most often occurs in the presence of impairment of protective upper and lower airway reflexes in patients who have a decreased level of consciousness or central nervous system disease.
		Whether aspiration pneumonia develops after an episode of aspiration is determined by the volume of material aspirated, its character (eg, acidic versus neutral, liquid versus particulate, infected versus sterile), the frequency of aspiration episodes, and the adequacy of host defenses.
		Patients with hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia may be treated with cefepime hydrochloride (Maxipime) or ceftazidime plus clindamycin or metronidazole; a beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination such as ampicillin and sulbactam, piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium (Zosyn), or ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin); or a newer fluoroquinolone.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2003/03_03/j_johnson.htm (3318 words)

	Evaluation of Alveolar Cytokine Response to Aspiration of Gastric Contents* Akella Chendrasekhar, Gregory A. ...
		The incidence of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in ICU populations receiving enteral feedings varies widely, ranging from 0.8% to 77%.
		The high morbidity and mortality rates (30% to 60%) associated with aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis are a result of the combined effects of a predisposing illness, a degree of acute airway obstruction, and a direct chemical pulmonary injury.
		As treatment of pulmonary aspiration is largely supportive, early delineation of alveolar injury may allow more aggressive treatment with possible avoidance of detrimental sequelae.
	www.jrnlappliedresearch.com /articles/Vol1Iss1/Chendrasekhar.htm (2575 words)

	Pulmonary Aspiration MEDSTUDENTS-ANESTHESIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aspiration occurs when some kind of material -particulate (food, foreign body) or fluid (gastric contents, blood, or saliva)-enters from the pharynx into the trachea, usually in the course of a general anesthesia, when the patient’s airway reflexes are depressed.
		Aspiration pneumonitis is potencially preventable and its incidence is aproximately 1-7 cases of significant importance in 10.000 anesthetics.The severity of pulmonary outcomes after an aspiration event is associated with the presence of comorbid diseases (ASA physical status III and higher) and procedures performed emergently.
		Aspiration of particulate food mattercauses both physical obstruction of the airway and a later inflammattory response due to the presence of a foreign body.
	www.medstudents.com.br /anest/anest2.htm (814 words)

	eMedicine - Aspiration Syndromes : Article by Cecilia P Mikita, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The incidence of aspiration syndromes associated with anatomic or neurologic disorders is unknown.
		Microaspiration from indirect reflux causes laryngeal inflammation and bronchorrhea, manifested as hoarseness and cough.
		Direct aspiration is the aspiration of a food bolus while swallowing, while indirect aspiration is the reflux of food from the stomach into the esophagus and pulmonary system.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2622.htm (4637 words)

	Fine-needle aspiration of pulmonary hamartoma - College of American Pathologists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fine-needle aspiration of the lung is a well-established method for the initial diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
		While pulmonary hamartoma is a rare lesion, it is the most common benign neoplasm found in the lungs.
		The cytologic features of FNA of pulmonary hamartoma have been well described, but there is overlap between these lesions and certain well-differentiated pulmonary malignancies.
	www.cap.org /apps/docs/cap_today/pap_ngc/0605fineneedle_aspiration.htm (328 words)

	Detection of Small Volume Pulmonary Aspiration Using Pulse Oximetry
		Objective: Small volume aspirations are difficult to detect; yet, they may lead to pneumonia, a complication that occurs in 20%-25% of intubated patients.
		Detection of aspiration was operationally defined as a decrease in SpO2 >3.0% from baseline.
		Following the first two aspiration events, the decreases in SpO2 tended to be transient and to occur at levels between 90% and 96%.
	stti.confex.com /stti/sos13/techprogram/paper_12045.htm (777 words)

	Reducing the Risk of Aspiration during Anaesthesia
		The pulmonary acid-aspiration syndrome was first reported 50 years ago (1) in a group of parturients undergoing general anaesthesia for vaginal delivery.
		Aspiration of non-particulate, gastric contents at a 'high' pH (andgt6.0) does not produce the same histological lesion as acid-aspiration (2) and is probably associated with a lower mortality rate.
		Aspiration of 'high' pH, particulate matter also produces a different histological picture from acid-aspiration, but may be associated with an equally poor outcome.
	www.manbit.com /oa/c109.htm (1101 words)

	RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pulmonary aspiration of enteral formulas with subsequent pneumonia is a serious complication of tube feedings, especially in patients who are intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation.
		The source of glucose in the tracheal aspirates of nonenterally fed patients in the studies was not determined.
		Regardless of the method used to detect pulmonary aspiration of enteral formula, emphasis on prevention of this complication is important.
	www.aacn.org /AACN/jrnlajcc.nsf/GetArticle/ArticleFive83 (4333 words)

	A Novel Diagnostic Method for Pulmonary Aspiration in a Murine Model . Immunocytochemical Staining of Milk Proteins in ...
		Aspiration of foreign material into the lungs has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of pulmonary disorders.
		in BAL fluid for the diagnosis of aspiration (11, 12, 27,
		The lipid-laden alveolar macrophage as a marker of aspiration in parenchymal lung disease.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/622 (2802 words)

	Pulmonary aspiration (Treatment Guide) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pulmonary aspiration of certain hydrocarbons can occur without significant depression of the level of consciousness and may result in hydrocarbon pneumonitis.
		Bronchoscopy is useful in those patients suspected to have aspirated large particles that might be retrieved from the airway (suggested by persistent atelectasis).
		CLINICAL COURSE AND MONITORING Mortality is dependent on the extent of the initial aspiration and correlates with both the extent of the radiologic infiltrate and the arterial-to-alveolar oxygen tension ratio.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/treat/treate/trt39_e.htm (513 words)

	Human Trial of a Pepsin Assay to Detect Pulmonary Aspiration of Gastric Contents during Endotracheal Intubation -- ...
		Human Trial of a Pepsin Assay to Detect Pulmonary Aspiration of Gastric Contents during Endotracheal Intubation -- Ufberg et al.
		in gastric aspirates and excluding the presence of pepsin in
		tracheal aspirates of patients who were known not to have aspirated.
	www.aemj.org /cgi/content/abstract/8/5/421-b (278 words)

	eMedicine - Pneumonia, Aspiration : Article by Basil Varkey, MD, FRCPC, FCCP
		Aspiration pneumonia, according to common usage, includes both CP and BP, although the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and complications of CP and BP are different.
		Transtracheal aspiration (TTA) is useful in obtaining a sputum specimen for anaerobic culture because it bypasses the mouth flora.
		Pulmonary artery catheter placement may be needed to differentiate cardiac from noncardiac pulmonary edema caused by CP and for appropriate fluid management.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic175.htm (2685 words)

	CHEST: Effect Of The Passy-Muir Valve On Pulmonary Aspiration In Adults With Tracheostomies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We investigated the effect of the PMV on the frequency of aspiration in individuals with tracheostomies.
		Aspirators were older than non-aspirators (68.4 yrs v.
		Aspiration was less frequent with the PMV on (3 of 43 presentations) than with the valve off(13 of 44 presentations), p=0.016.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_116/ai_57563129 (374 words)

	Videofluoroscopy of Swallowing in Symptomatic Patients Who Have Undergone Long-Term Intubation -- Partik et al. 174 ...
		In healthy patients, aspiration is exceedingly rare [1].
		Aspiration pneumonia: prevention of aspiration in patients with tracheostomies.
		Aspiration pneumonia: incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/5/1409 (2005 words)

	Aspiration Diseases: Findings, Pitfalls, and Differential Diagnosis -- Franquet et al. 20 (3): 673 -- RadioGraphics
		aspiration of gastric acid is approximately 30% and is greater
		The aspiration of barium is a well-recognized complication that
		Aspiration of high-density barium contrast medium causing acute pulmonary inflammation: report of two fatal cases in elderly women with disordered swallowing.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/20/3/673 (4034 words)

	Management of Pulmonary Acid Aspiration
		There is still the possibility of aspiration with loss of airway protection in such circumstances as fitting, local anaesthetic toxicity (Chapter 89), high or total spinal anaesthesia (Chapter 11), severe hypotension and associated pathology such as aortocaval compression (Chapter 28), anaphylaxis (Chapter 69) or amniotic- or thrombo-embolism.
		The outcome, in the rare event of aspiration of stomach contents, is dependent on the type of matter aspirated (ie particulate vs non particulate) and the pH and volume aspirated.
		If the parturient has aspirated as a result of an alteration in the conscious state, the airway should be immediately protected with a cuffed endotracheal tube.
	www.manbit.com /oa/c45.htm (785 words)

	Science, pseudoscience and Sellick/Science, pseudoscience et Sellick -- Maltby and Beriault 49 (5): 443 -- Canadian ...
		Aspiration during anaesthesia: a computer-aided study of 185 358 anaesthetics.
		Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period.
		The cricoid cartilage and the esophagus are not aligned in close to half of adult patients.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/49/5/443 (2058 words)

	Time Course of Hemosiderin Production by Alveolar Macrophages in a Murine Model -- Epstein et al. 120 (6): 2013 -- Chest
		Pulmonary hemosiderosis is an uncommon disorder in both children
		The diagnosis of pulmonary hemosiderosis is suggested by hemoptysis, iron-deficiency
		Elliot, ML, Kuhn, C (1970) Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis—ultrastructural abnormalities in the capillary walls.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/6/2013 (2810 words)

	Pulmonary Aspiration of Gastric Contents in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: The Effect of Body Position (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Results: Mean radioactive counts in endobronchial secretions were higher in samples obtained while patients were in the supine position than in those obtained while patients were in the semirecumbent position (4154 cpm compared with 954 cpm; P = 0.036).
		Moreover, the aspiration pattern was time-dependent for each position: For the supine position, radioactivity was 298 cpm at 30 min and 2592 cpm at 300 min (P = 0.013); for the semirecumbent position, radioactivity was 103 cpm at 30 min and 216 cpm at 300 min (P = 0.04).
		The same microorganisms were isolated from stomach, pharynx, and endobronchial samples in 32% of studies done while patients were semirecumbent and in 68% of studies done while patients were in the supine position.
	www.gerd.com /articles/abstracts/205.htm (351 words)

	eMedicine - Pneumonia, Aspiration : Article by Philippe Le Conte, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Community-acquired aspiration pneumonia often is associated with anaerobic bacteria alone (45-58%) or aerobic species (41-46%).
		However, left and bilobar processes are possible, depending on the amount of aspirate and the body position during aspiration.
		Chest radiograph of a patient with aspiration pneumonia of the left lung after a benzodiazepine overdose - The patient was probably positioned to the left at the moment of aspiration.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic464.htm (2100 words)

	Albumin Mixed with Meconium Attenuates Pulmonary Dysfunction in a Newborn Piglet Model with Meconium Aspiration -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hemodynamic variables with MABP (A), pulmonary artery blood flow (P.flow; B), mean PAP (C), and PVR (D) at baseline (BL), during hypoxia, and from start (R0) to 8 h of reoxygenation (R8).
		Medbo S, Yu XQ, Asberg A, Saugstad OD 1998 Pulmonary hemodynamics and plasma endothelin-1 during hypoxemia and reoxygenation with room air or 100% oxygen in a piglet model.
		Shiue ST, Thrall RS 1991 Effect of corticosteroid therapy on the acute injury and recovery stage of oleic acid induced lung injury in the rat.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/52/4/545 (4217 words)

	Efficacy of Dye-Stained Enteral Formula in Detecting Pulmonary Aspiration* -- Metheny et al. 122 (1): 276 -- Chest
		the concentration of the dye that was used in the aspirated
		Thompson-Henry, S, Braddock, B (1995) The modified Evan’s blue dye procedure fails to detect aspiration in the tracheostomized patient: five case reports.
		Metheny, NA, Aud, MA, Wunderlich, RJ (1999) A survey of bedside methods used to detect pulmonary aspiration of enteral formula in intubated tube-fed patients.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/122/1/276 (3525 words)

	Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis -- Lacasse et ...
		Value of having a cytopathologist present during percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lung: report of 55 cancer patients and meta-analysis of the literature.
		Use of the Rotex needle in percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary malignancy.
		Percutaneous Trucut lung biopsy in the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions.
	www.thoraxjnl.com /cgi/content/full/54/10/884 (5292 words)

	Arch Surg -- Abstract: Pulmonary aspiration: an update, October 1977, Stewardson and Nyhus 112 (10): 1192 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pulmonary aspiration of foreign material occurs in many situations.
		the mortality of massive aspiration of gastric contents.
		of pulmonary aspiration has been the development of positive end-expiratory
	archsurg.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/112/10/1192 (107 words)

	[No title]
		Aspiration is defined as the inhalation of material below the true vocal cords.
		The nature of the material, the volume aspirated and the host response all play a role in determining severity.
		Material with a pH of less than 2.5 tends to have the worst response though a similar response is seen with hydrocarbons.
	www.frca.co.uk /AbstractMView.aspx?jid=165 (200 words)

	A Novel Diagnostic Method for Pulmonary Aspiration in a Murine Model . Immunocytochemical Staining of Milk Proteins in ...
		The aspiration of foreign material, such as milk, food, gastric contents, or saliva, into the tracheobronchial tree is a common
		While the potential importance of aspiration in the pathogenesis of lung disorders is widely recognized, only recently have
		Williams, R. Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages may indicate either aspiration pnuemonia or sickle cell acute chest syndrome associated with pulmonary fat embolism.
	www.ajrccm.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/622 (2802 words)

	Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis -- Lacasse et ...
		Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis -- Lacasse et al.
		Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis
		Persisting controversy surrounds the use of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) stemming from its uncertain diagnostic
	www.thoraxjnl.com /cgi/content/abstract/54/10/884 (557 words)

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