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Topic: Pulmonary vascular resistance

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	Control and Management of Pulmonary Vascular Tone in the Newborn. Child's Doctor Spring 2000.
		At birth, a dramatic decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance allows half of the combined ventricular output to be redirected from the placenta to the lung.
		The stimuli that seem to be most important in the rapid decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance at birth are the ventilation of the lungs with a gas and raising oxygen tension in the lungs.
		Hypoplasia of the pulmonary vascular bed, in the form of a reduction of total cross-sectional area of pulmonary arteries and veins, occurs in addition to hypoplasia of the lung itself, probably related to the fact that vessels develop in parallel with the conducting airways.
	www.childsdoc.org /spring2000/pulvasctone.asp (4083 words)

	University of Chicago Hospitals: Medical Update for Healthcare Professionals: Pulmonary Hypertension
		Pulmonary vascular remodeling in response to chronic hypoxia is also mediated by a reduction in nitric oxide production, an increase in endothelin 1, and increased expression of platelet derived growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensin II.
		Although the elevation of pulmonary artery pressure associated with COLD tends to be mild, the presence of pulmonary hypertension confers a worse outcome.
		Pulmonary hypertension from interstitial lung disease is often associated with obliteration of the pulmonary vascular bed by lung destruction and fibrosis.
	www.uchospitals.edu /specialties/heart/services/pulmonary-hypertension/medical-update.html (5083 words)

	Hypertension
		Pulmonary angiography continues to be the gold standard for defining the pulmonary vascular anatomy and is performed to identify whether chronic thromboembolic obstruction is present, to determine its location and surgical accessibility, and to rule out other diagnostic possibilities.
		Pulmonary hypertension is commonly associated with connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, and progressive systemic sclerosis; in the limited form of progressive systemic sclerosis, at least mild pulmonary hypertension has been reported in up to 50% of patients.
		Pulmonary emboli are clots that usually arise in the deep veins of the thigh and pelvis, break off, and travel to lodge in one or more of the pulmonary arteries.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/pulmonary_hypertension.htm (9389 words)

	Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
		The fetal pulmonary circulation is characterized by high arterial pressure and vascular resistance that cause the blood ejected by the right ventricle to bypass the lungs.
		The stimuli that seem to be most important in decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing pulmonary blood flow are ventilation of the lungs with a gas and an increase in oxygen tensions.
		Haworth SG: Pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
	www.dcmsonline.org /jax-medicine/2001journals/dec2001/hypertension.htm (4281 words)

	kajnpath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The pulmonary vascular resistance is very high and the systemic vascular resistance is very low.
		increases and closes the existing fetal shunts.This causes a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase in pulmonary blood flow.
		and CO The constant increased pulmonary vascular resistance causes changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lung.
	classes.kumc.edu /cahe/respcared/pulmonary/kajnpath.html (231 words)

	mechanics
		Local control of pulmonary blood flow, while opposite in response to PO2, etc. to that in systemic tissues, is also adaptive in acting to shunt blood away from poorly ventilated lung regions and help maintain normal ventilation/perfusion ratios.
		Non-gas exchange regions (bronchi and bronchioles, walls of pulmonary arteries and veins, connective tissue, and pleura) are supplied with oxygenated blood by the bronchial artery (branch of the aorta).
		In the lung, pulmonary capillary volume is roughly equal to a stroke volume; i.e., 75 ml and resting cardiac output may be 61/min or 100 ml/sec.
	www.mountain-research.org /teaching/pulmonarycirculation.htm (1661 words)

	PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by systemic arterial hypoxemia secondary to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with resultant shunting of pulmonary blood flow to the systemic circulation.
		Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in a pathophysiologic syndrome that results when the pulmonary vascular resistance fails to decrease after birth, despite improved alveolar oxygenation and lung expansion.
		Steinhorn RH, Millard SL, Morin FC: 1995 Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
	neonatal.peds.washington.edu /NICU-WEB/pphn.stm (3559 words)

	THE PULMONARY VERSUS SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION PAGE
		The pulmonary circulation, on the other hand, only needs to get blood from the top to the bottom of the lungs which are perfused by constant low pressure; there is very little redirection of blood within the pulmonary circulation, other than from locally hypoxic pockets in the lung!
		Calculation of Vascular Resistance: You may wish to return to the cardiovascular physiology section to review the calculations of pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance.
		With the decrease in vascular resistance associated with the removal of one lung, blood flow would be expected to approximately double in the remaining lung.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/pulmcirc.htm (1214 words)

	Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
		Some of the data from the right heart catheteterization with exercise showed PA pressures of 54/26 with a mean of 40, mean wedge presure 40 with a V wave of 56, cardiac output and cardiac index by thermodilution method 6.80/3.49.
		Wood units are a standard of measurement used to convert pulmonary vascular resistance measured in metric scale to an uniform scalar.Once this conversion is done, the measurement is reported in wood units.
		The main abnormality in your numbers is the elevated wedge pressure, with prominant v waves, and pulmonary pressures.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/cardio/messages/34576a.html (1157 words)

	Test 19
		(2) One type is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn associated with pulmonary parenchymal disease, such as hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration, or transient tachypnea of the newborn as the cause of alveolar hypoxia.
		This is known as secondary persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or appropriate persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
		There is pathologic evidence that babies with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn have greater thickness of medial muscle in pulmonary arteries that in normal full-term infants.
	www.rashaduniversity.com /test19.html (2219 words)

	Paradoxical increase of pulmonary vascular resistance during testing of inhaled iloprost -- Emmel et al. 90 (1): 2 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Paradoxical increase of pulmonary vascular resistance during testing of inhaled iloprost -- Emmel et al.
		Paradoxical increase of pulmonary vascular resistance during testing of inhaled iloprost
		The diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) was confirmed.
	heart.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/90/1/e2 (787 words)

	Intravenous Sildenafil Lowers Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in a Model of Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Persistent pulmonary hypertension secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome is an important cause of morbidity and mortality
		a rapid onset of pulmonary hypertension with intracardiac and
		to neonatal lambs with pulmonary hypertension induced by in uteroductal
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/165/8/1098 (3649 words)

	Test 24
		resistance to the point that venous blood is diverted.
		appears to be the major determinant of pulmonary.
		vascular resistance remains equal to or greater than.
	www.rashaduniversity.com /test24.html (1170 words)

	eMedicine - Aortopulmonary Window: Surgical Perspective : Article Excerpt by: Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is separate from truncus arteriosus in that it is associated with essentially normal aortic and pulmonary valves.
		APW is characterized by a large left-to-right shunt that becomes progressively worse as pulmonary vascular resistance falls during the newborn period.
		Patients who present after infancy have a high prevalence of pulmonary vascular hypertension and a rapid progression to Eisenmenger syndrome within the.....
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/aortopulmonary-window--surgical-perspective.htm (695 words)

	Basal Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Nitric Oxide Responsiveness Late After Fontan-Type Operation -- Khambadkone et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		pulmonary vascular resistance and its response to inhaled NO during cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia.
		Pulmonary response of normal human subjects to inhaled vasodilator substances.
		Regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance by endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/107/25/3204 (2816 words)

	Role of NO pathway, calcium and potassium channels in the peripheral pulmonary vascular tone in dogs -- Chabot et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In the peripheral pulmonary circulation, l-NAME caused an increase
		to a pulmonary artery with a 2.3 mm inner diameter.
		Differential distribution of electrophysiologically distinct myocytes in conduit and resistance arteries determines their response to nitric oxide and hypoxia.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/full/17/1/20 (3126 words)

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