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Topic: Pulmonic

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	International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pulmonic consonant is made by obstructing or molding the mouth or glottis while letting out air from the lungs.
		The pulmonic consonant table, which includes most consonants, is arranged in rows that designate manner of articulation and columns that designate place of articulation.
		The ejective symbol is often seen for glottalized but pulmonic sonorants, such as [mʼ], [lʼ], [wʼ], [aʼ], but these are more properly transcribed as creaky ([m̰], [l̰], [w̰], [a̰]).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_phonetic_alphabet (4082 words)

	pulmonic stenosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Pulmonic stenosis is a relative narrowing of the valve from the right ventricle to the lungs.
		Eventually, a short ejection (crescendo-decrescendo) murmur will be heard in the area of the pulmonic valve, classically with a "click" which signifies the walls of the pulmonic valve snapping outward with each pumping stroke.
		Pulmonic stenosis is rarely cause for concern except for endocarditis prophylaxis.
	www.drhull.com /EncyMaster/P/pulmonic_stenosis.html (83 words)

	CHIN: Pulmonic Stenosis and Balloon Valvuloplasty
		Pulmonic stenosis (or PS) is a general term indicating that there is obstruction to normal blood flow in the pulmonary arterial system, which conducts less oxygenated or "blue" blood to the lungs so it can become oxygenated or "pink".
		Pressures in the right ventricle (before the pulmonic valve, and therefore at higher pressure) and the pulmonary artery (after the valve, at lower pressure) are directly measured by placing the catheter tip in each area.
		Next, the diameter of the pulmonic valve annulus (the ring of tissue which supports the valve leaflets) is measured by a procedure called an angiogram.
	tchin.org /resource_room/c_art_02.htm (1734 words)

	[No title]
		Very mild pulmonic stenosis was found, which was felt not to be significant clinically; the physicians thought that there would probably be no progression of the pulmonic stenosis and the veteran would never need corrective surgery.
		Pulmonic regurgitation, not diagnosed in the veteran's case, may have various causes, including an injury produced by a pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter.
		Mild to moderate pulmonic valve stenoses have a generally favorable course; children with the mild type of pulmonic stenosis do not have to restrict their physical activities.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files2/9411556.txt (1458 words)

	Pulmonic Stenosis - HeartyDog.co.uk
		Pulmonic Stenosis is a congenital heart defect in which a malformation impedes the flow of blood through the heart.
		With moderate-to-severe pulmonic stenosis, your dog may experience respiratory difficulties, fainting, tiring with exercise, abnormal cardiac rhythms, abdominal swelling due to an enlarged liver or the accumulation of fluid, or even sudden death.
		Caught in time, pulmonic stenosis can often be relieved with 'keyhole' surgery in which a balloon-tipped catheter is temporarily inserted into the heart and inflated, thereby relieving the blockage.
	www.heartydog.co.uk /diseases/en/pulmonary_stenosis.shtml (208 words)

	pulmonic valve
		Congenital abnormalities of the pulmonic valve are rare--21 in 3600 (0.58%) consecutive autopsies in one series--and include pulmonic stenosis and bicuspid and quadricuspid pulmonic valves [1].
		Of 206 abnormal valves, 21 showed a spectrum from tricuspid to quadricuspid: 9 were quadricuspid, 7 were tricuspid with a raphe (ridge) in the right pulmonary sinus (space behind the cusp) and fusion of the dorsal commissure (opposite the aortic valve), and 5 were tricuspid with a raphe in the right sinus.
		The authors postulate that the abnormalities of the semilunar valves may be mediated during embryogenesis by cells of the neural crest that act separately on the aortic and pulmonic valves [3].
	pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu /case22/pv.html (485 words)

	PROVET HEALTHCARE INFORMATION - Pulmonic Stenosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Pulmonic stenosis is a congenital narrowing in the region of the pulmonary valve which lies between the right ventricular chamber of the heart and the pulmonary artery.
		In dogs pulmonic stenosis is one of the most frequently recognised congenital cardiac abnormalities in dogs estimated to occur in 1/1000 puppies.
		Pulmonic stenosis has been shown to be hereditary in Beagles and is thought to be polygenic (not a single gene expression, but multiple genes are involved).
	www.provet.co.uk /health/diseases/cardiac-pulmsten.htm (867 words)

	Text
		The pulmonic stenosis in symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot is severe such that resistance to flow through the pulmonic valve is greater than systemic vascular resistance.
		The amount of pulmonary blood flow is decreased from that seen in a normal animal in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot because of the pulmonic stenosis and an apparent lack of response by the body to this decrease in pulmonary blood volume.
		A patient that has mild pulmonic stenosis (where pulmonary resistance is still less than the systemic vascular resistance) and a large ventricular septal defect can have a predominantly left-to-right shunt and have the same hemodynamics as a patient with a small, isolated ventricular septal defect.
	www.vmth.ucdavis.edu /cardio/cases/case29/text.htm (5148 words)

	Pulmonic Stenosis
		Pulmonic stenosis appears to be a polygenic threshold trait.
		With moderate-to-severe pulmonic stenosis, your dog may experience signs associated with low cardiac output and/or right-sided heart failure, such as respiratory difficulties, fainting, tiring with exercise, abnormal cardiac rhythms, abdominal swelling due to an enlarged liver or the accumulation of fluid because of failing circulation, or sudden death.
		Once pulmonic stenosis has been diagnosed, Doppler echocardiography or cardiac catheterization can be done to measure the pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, to determine the severity of the obstruction.
	www.boykinspaniel.com /heart.html (1733 words)

	Follow-Up
		In addition, the signal is much wider in the region of the pulmonic valve than it was before valvuloplasty.
		The pulmonic regurgitation appears worse than it did before the valvuloplasty since the size of the color jet is larger and is wider at its origin.
		Once the resistance to flow through the pulmonic valve decreased, flow would have increased into the pulmonary artery and would have decreased through the fixed resistance in the tricuspid valve.
	www.vmth.ucdavis.edu /Cardio/cases/case7/follow-up.htm (560 words)

	Medem: Medical Library: Valvular Heart Disease
		Pulmonic regurgitation is a condition in which the pulmonic valve allows blood to flow back into the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
		In the unusual case of severe pulmonic regurgitation associated with right heart failure, despite administration of digoxin, valve replacement should be considered.
		Pulmonic stenosis is a condition in which the pulmonic valve is narrow.
	www.medem.com /MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZLNKW728C&sub_cat=224 (3759 words)

	Heart Disease
		The pulmonic and aortic valves close on the "lub" portion of the sound, while the right and left atrioventricular valves close on the "DUB" portion of the sound.
		The pulmonic artery and its branches are the only arteries in the body that normally carry blood which is low in oxygen content.
		The pulmonic veins empty into the left atrium and are the only veins in the body which carry blood high in oxygen content.
	www.infovets.com /free/feline/F/F308.htm (3909 words)

	Pulmonic egressive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose.
		The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
		The two other theoretically possible combinations, pulmonic ingressive and velaric egressive, however, are only known from the apparently constructed ritual language Damin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulmonic_egressive (128 words)

	Echocardiography
		The gradient across the pulmonic valve was 64 mm Hg - manifested as a 4 meter per second peak velocity in the pulmonary artery.
		A tentative diagnosis was made: valvular pulmonic stenosis combined with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, explaining the discrepancy between the mild valvular pulmonic stenosis and the significant right ventricular systolic pressure overload.
		Pulmonic stenosis can be associated with other congenital heart defects.
	www2.umdnj.edu /~shindler/ps4cases.html (1485 words)

	eMedicine - Pulmonic Regurgitation : Article by Xiushui (Mike) Ren, MD
		For example, hemoptysis is generally not associated with pulmonic regurgitation per se, but, in severe pulmonary hypertension causing pulmonic regurgitation, it may occur as a result of the associated pulmonary necrotizing arteritis and/or parenchymal inflammation, rupture, and hemorrhage.
		A low-pressure regurgitant flow across the pulmonic valve is heard as a brief, crescendo-decrescendo early diastolic murmur at the upper left sternal border, which is made louder by squatting or inspiration and softer by Valsalva maneuvers or expiration.
		The principal prognostic indicators of mortality in pulmonic regurgitation associated with pulmonary hypertension are the severity and duration of the pulmonary hypertension at the time of diagnosis and the right ventricular response to the state of volume overload.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1964.htm (3610 words)

	VetMedCenter - Consumer - Article Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Pulmonic stenosis is a heart defect that results in narrowing of one of the heart valves (the pulmonic valve).
		Pulmonic stenosis is known to be inherited in some dog breeds.
		For animals with severe pulmonic stenosis, the prognosis is guarded.
	consumer.vetmedcenter.com /Consumer/display.asp?id=8483&dt=p (543 words)

	Shelhigh, Inc. Warning Letter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Failure to.follow your own written procedures for design control in order to confirm that the changes made to the Pulmonic Valve Conduit were controlled to include validation or where appropriate, verification prior to their implementation, as required by 21 CFR 820.30(i).
		Failure to demonstrate that the device history records for the Pulmonic Valve Conduit Prostheses were manufactured in accordance with the device master records as required by 21 CFR 820.184.
		Your response to observation one is not adequate since the modifications made to the Pulmonic Valve Conduit (NR- 4000) were significantly changed, or modified (not a minor modification as described in your response) to include a curved sleeve [redacted] and Mini-pulmonic [redacted].
	www.fda.gov /foi/warning_letters/g5674d.htm (2567 words)

	Pulmonic Stenosis - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Pulmonic stenosis is common in dogs and infrequent in cats.
		Supravalvular pulmonic stenosis is uncommon and may be most often observed in Giant Schnauzers.
		Pulmonic insufficiency can sometimes be noted in dogs with pulmonic stenosis.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/11107.htm (431 words)

	AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: Pulmonic Valve Disease
		"The pulmonic valve is affected by rheumatic fever far less frequently than are the other valves, and it is uncommonly the seat of infective endocarditis.
		The most common acquired abnormality affecting the pulmonic valve is regurgitation secondary to dilatation of the pulmonic valve ring as a consequence of severe pulmonary hypertension.
		It is usually of little hemodynamic significance; indeed, surgical removal or destruction of the pulmonic valve by infective endocarditis does not produce heart failure unless serious pulmonary hypertension is also present.
	www.accessmedicine.com /content.aspx?aID=81477 (243 words)

	iknowledgenow.com
		Pulmonic stenosis is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular defects recognized in the dog, and is seen infrequently in the cat.
		Pulmonic valve dysplasia produces obstruction in the absence of adhered leaflets as the leaflets are thickened, rigid and myxomatous, and are limited in their lateral movement because if tissue pads which are present within the pulmonic valve sinuses.
		Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is the third most frequent cause of congenital heart disease in the dog, falling behind patent ductus arteriosis and aortic stenosis ².
	www.iknowledgenow.com /search.cfm?keywordlist=Myxoma (676 words)

	VM 8754 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
		The systolic murmur associated with SAS has a crescendo-decrescendo or decrescendo shape and is well heard in the lower left fourth to fifth intercostal spaces and the lower right second to fourth inter-costal spaces.
		This increased volume of blood at the pulmonary valve causes a relative pulmonic stenosis that is manifested on auscultation as a soft grade I-II crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heard best in the third left intercostal space.
		The systolic murmur in pulmonic stenosis is much louder than the relative pulmonic stenosis in ASD.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8754/V.html (5995 words)

	What is pulmonic stenosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		There is also an increased risk of pulmonic stenosis in the beagle, wire-haired fox terrier, chihuahua, miniature Schnauzer, samoyed, Boykin spaniel, West Highland white terrier, cocker spaniel, Airedale terrier, and Scottish terrier.
		A marked systolic thrill is frequently detected in the pulmonic area.
		The second heart sound may be split due to delayed closure of the pulmonic valve.
	www.jyetara.com /pulmonicstenosis.html (1571 words)

	Pulmonary valve stenosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Pulmonary stenosis.
		Pulmonary valve stenosis (or, less commonly, "pulmonic valve stenosis"), abbreviated PVS, is a condition that can result in the reduction of flow of blood to the lungs.
		When the stenosis is mild, it can go unnoticed for many years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulmonic_stenosis (139 words)

	eMedicine - Pulmonic Stenosis : Article by Xiushui (Mike) Ren, MD
		Although diagnosed and treated primarily in the pediatric population, individuals with complex congenital heart disease and more severe forms of isolated PS are surviving into adulthood and require ongoing assessment and cardiovascular care.
		Of patients with valvular PS, approximately 10-15% have dysplastic pulmonic valves.
		With few exceptions, postvalvuloplasty pulmonic regurgitation is of mild-to-moderate severity.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1965.htm (3206 words)

	Cardiac Case Report 2
		MR study was requested to evaluate the pulmonary circulation and pulmonic valve.
		Figure 2: Cine gradient echo imaging through the pulmonic valve demonstrates three leaflets widely separated throughout the cardiac cycle (same appearance in systole and diastole).
		Quantification of the degree of pulmonic insufficiency was then performed using phase-contrast cine gradient echo imaging.
	www.med.nyu.edu /mri/cardiac/case02.html (292 words)

	Cecil Textbook of Medicine : />
		Pulmonic stenosis is a congenital disease resulting from fusion of the pulmonic valve cusps (Chapter 65).
		During inspiration, the click diminishes or disappears because increased flow into the right side of the heart during inspiration partially opens the pulmonic valve in diastole so that systole causes less of an opening sound.
		The diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis is confirmed by echocardiography, which quantifies the transvalvular gradient and the degree of RV hypertrophy and dysfunction.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/072_037.htm (167 words)

	Pulmonic Stenosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The article on pulmonic stenosis is the second time this disorder has been addressed in two consecutive issues of the BSS newsletter.
		Since she is the dam of three pups with pulmonic stenosis he used the echocardiograph and the Doppler to see if there was any problem.
		Jacobs explained that pulmonic stenosis can be detected as young as three months of age.
	www.boykinspaniel.com /discover.html (687 words)

	Valvular Heart Disease
		n Congenital pulmonic stenosis — In the relatively few newborns with severe congenital pulmonic stenosis, the child develops heart failure or cyanosis (a bluish color to the lips, fingernails and skin) within the first month of life.
		In most cases, the valve is deformed, with two or three leaflets partially fused.
		n Adult disorders of the pulmonic valve — In adults, the pulmonic valve most often is damaged because of pulmonary hypertension (abnormally high pressure within the blood vessels in the lungs), usually related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
	members.aol.com /andytheuke/Valvular_Heart_Disease_files/slide0014.htm (98 words)

	Valvular Pulmonic Stenosis
		An increased "a" dip (≥ 8 mm) of the pulmonic valve
		Sample the entire right ventricular outflow tract because subinfundibular, infundibular, main, and pulmonary branch stenosis are possible, either as a part of valvular pulmonic stenosis or as separate entities
		Determine the pulmonic valve area utilizing the continuity equation
	www.echocardiology.org /PS.htm (169 words)

	Children's Heart Institute \| Cardiac Testing: Echocardiography - Sound
		C-Wave: This is the sound of the Tricuspid Valve using continuous wave.
		P-Wave: This is the sound of blood flow across the Pulmonic Valve utilizing pulsed wave.
		The listening ultrasonographic gauge is at the openning of the Pulmonic Valve.
	www.childrenheartinstitute.org /testing/echo/echosnd.htm (254 words)

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