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Topic: Pulp and paper industry in the United States

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	The pulp and paper industry - PaperIndustry.com
		The pulp and paper industry is largely dominated by the United States, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Australasia, and Latin America.
		All of this paper use and consumption in the United States is certainly important to the economy.
		Weyerhaeuser is a multinational pulp and paper corporation employing 55,200 people in 18 different countries.
	www.paperindustry.com (625 words)

	Paper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the amalgamation of plant fibres, which are subsequently held together without extra binder, largely by hydrogen bonds and to a small degree by fiber entanglement.
		To write or print on: the piece of paper becomes a document; this may be for keeping a record (or in the case of printing from a computer or copying from another paper: an additional record) and for communication; see also reading.
		The oldest known paper document in the West is the Missel of Silos from the 11th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paper (1922 words)

	Maine Pulp & Paper: A Brief History of Papermaking
		The first wood pulp in Maine was produced in the basement of a Topsham sawmill in 1868, marking the beginning of the paper industry's rapid growth in Maine.
		The Kraft process had several distinct advantages: it produced a high-strength pulp, the chemicals used to dissolve the lignin were recoverable and tremendous amounts of energy were produced during the recovery process, and the process could pulp softwood trees, which predominate in the northeastern United States.
		Paper companies continued to invest in Maine, but Wisconsin, Washington, and several southern states became more attractive for investment dollars and saw their position relative to Maine improve.
	www.pulpandpaper.org /html/history_of_papermaking.html (1933 words)

	An MBendi Profile: World: Pulp and Paper - World Pulp and Paper
		Over the centuries, paper has been one of the "unsung" drivers of world development, providing the means for people to record and communicate ideas and news and works of art.
		World demand for paper and paperboard is forecast to grow from the current 300 million tons to over 420 million tons by the year 2010 or an average growth rate of 2.8% per annum.
		In the industrialized countries, consumption is vastly greater – over 200 kilograms per capita per year in the United States and around 160 kilograms per capita per year in Western Europe.
	www.mbendi.co.za /indy/pulp/p0005.htm (780 words)

	Pulp and paper industry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The global pulp and paper industry is dominated by North American (United States, Canada), northern European (Sweden, Finland) and East Asian countries (such as Japan).
		According to the 2003 PricewaterhouseCoopers Global Forest and Paper Industry Survey, the top 20 forest and paper products companies were:
		Pulp and paper industry in Australia and New Zealand
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry (132 words)

	Paper University - All About Paper
		Heated rollers then dry the paper, and the paper is slit into smaller rolls, and sometimes into sheets, and removed from the paper machine.
		After the recovered paper is chopped up (or pulped), and mixed with water to make a pulp slurry, it is put through a series of washing and/or flotation deinking processes in which water and/or soap-like chemicals called surfactants remove the ink from the paper.
		The first paper mill in the U.S. colonies was established in 1690 by William Rittenhouse, a papermaker, William Bradford, a printer, and two wealthy Philadelphia businessmen.
	www.tappi.org /paperu/all_about_paper/faq.htm (1541 words)

	Pulp and Paper Information
		Paper production is often recognized as a direct measure of our standard of living because as other industries expand they almost always use more paper in planning, processing, and packaging their new products.
		The resulting pulp is used for the manufacture of fine writing papers, bank notes, security papers, documents, lightweight papers (such as cigarette, carbon, and tracing paper; vellum; and blueprint papers), and for plastic laminates (such as football helmets, shin guards, shoulder pads, plastic gears, and machine components, etc.).
		Pulp is made into paper either in the same location as the pulp mill (an integrated mill), or it is dried and shipped to a paper mill.
	www.troop446.org /meritbadge/pulp-paper/pulppaper.htm (6687 words)

	Pulp & Paper
		The United States is also the world’s leading producer of paper, and its immense production volume reflects the size and wealth of the domestic market, and the relative abundance and low cost of raw materials and other crucial inputs.
		The labor force in the pulp and paper sector is dominated by operatives and laborers.
		Although roughly three-fourths of pulp and paper workers are within the operatives and laborer grouping, a sizable share of the employees are classified as clerical workers.
	www.wa.gov /esd/lmea/sprepts/indprof/pulp.htm (1451 words)

	Industry - Plant Management in Florida Waters
		There are ten pulp and paper mills in Florida, each using millions of gallons of freshwater per day, thus producing millions of gallons of wastewater per day that must be extensively treated before being returned to the environment.
		The ten pulp and paper mills in Florida are located in the northern forested part of the state.
		Paper and pulp mills in Florida extensively treat their wastewater to meet water quality standards before it is reused or released off site.
	aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu /guide/industry.html (1674 words)

	Pulpwatch: Glossary and terms used in the pulp and paper industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Commercially, pulp is usually described as air-dried when the moisture content of the pulp is 10%, although this percentage may be altered by contractual agreements between the buyer and seller.
		Paper which has a been given a glossy surface by drying the paper with a heated and highly polished cylinder in the drying section of the machine.
		Although it produces a brighter pulp, with a higher yield, than kraft pulp, it is not as versatile as the kraft process, and the recovery of chemicals used in the sulphite process is more difficult.
	www.pulpwatch.com /glossary.htm (2892 words)

	Citigroup Project Update
		The pulp and paper industry is one of the largest users (per ton of product) of industrial process water in the U.S. Depending on the manufacturing technology used, making one single sheet of copy paper can use over 13 ounces of water – more than a typical soda can.
		Paper production is the third most energy-intensive of all manufacturing industries, using 11.5% of all energy in the industrial sector.
		The pulp and paper industry ranks third among industrial sectors in air emissions of chemicals listed on the Toxics Release Inventory, and fifth in discharges of such chemicals to surface water.
	www.environmentaldefense.org /alliance/citigroup_project_update.htm (1785 words)

	The Pulp & Paper Industry
		The United States is the biggest manufacturer and user of paper and paper-based products and used a third – about 100 million tons – of the amount produced world-wide.
		It is estimated that the pulp and paper industry is the tenth largest employer in these United States.
		As significant as the impact of the paper industry is on the economy in the United States, it should be noted that the paper industry is facing fierce global competition.
	www.kvcc.me.edu /ppt/PPIndustry.aspx (354 words)

	Pulp and Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Overall, the pulp and paper making process is water-intensive: the pulp and paper industry is the largest industrial process water user in North America.
		Pulp and paper mills usually operate wastewater treatment plants to remove biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and other pollutants before discharging wastewaters to a receiving waterway.
		According to the latest corrosion cost survey (September 2001), the pulp and paper industry heavy reliance on corrosive chemicals makes it the most expensive industry sector in terms of direct corrosion costs.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /PulpPaper/Introduction.htm (331 words)

	Pulp and Paper Technology - Unicell Paper Mills Tissue Production Plant
		The contractor for the paper mill and associated equipment is Recard.
		The plant is designed to handle waste paper pulp although in practice the plant will only be expected to handle up to 50% waste recycled paper mixed in with virgin pulp.
		The creping blade detaches the sheet of paper from the Yankee cylinder and a paper feeding device transfers it to the reeler, where the jumbo roll is formed.
	www.pulpandpaper-technology.com /projects/unicell_paper (778 words)

	body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		John Stahl of Earth Pulp and Paper and The Evanescent Press stated that roughly half of all of the trees that are harvested are chipped for paper pulp mills.
		As previously stated, John Stahl claims that out of all of the timber that is harvested approximately half of the cut goes to paper pulp mills.
		Pulping all three together can be problematic because the longer fibers will take longer to cook than the shorter ones and overcooking the fibers gives a lower yield of cellulose.
	users.cnnw.net /~smarinucci/body.html (12550 words)

	Control Drives for the Pulp and Paper Industry by Harold Beck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Today's paper industry is characterized by the increasing demand for better product quality at a lower price.
		Paper Mills are making large investments state-of-the-art control systems to optimize process performance.
		Beck drives are currently installed on applications from the wood yard to the paper machine winder - on a wide variety of control valve, damper, fluid coupling and diverter gate applications.
	www.haroldbeck.com /industryinfo/ii-pulp-and-paper.shtml (241 words)

	Veolia Water North America : Business and Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Water is absolutely essential to the operation of a pulp and paper facility.
		We can help pulp and paper manufacturers with their water needs through the construction and operation of facilities to produce pretreated, demineralized or reverse osmosis-treated water.
		On the wastewater management end, two major pulp and paper manufacturers in the United States call on us to operate and manage their wastewater treatment operations.
	www.veoliawaterna.com /business.and.industry/markets/pulp.and.paper.htm (185 words)

	Florida DEP Industrial Wastewater - Pulp and Paper Industry
		To get white paper, the pulp is usually bleached by using chemical agents like chlorine gas (elemental), chlorine dioxide, sodium hypo chlorite, or other chlorine-based chemicals.
		The greatest pollution threat in the wastewater of pulp and paper facilities is the by-products from this bleaching process that form when chlorine atoms bind to organic molecules in the pulp.
		The wastewater permitting and compliance and enforcement of pulp and paper facilities are handled in the regulatory district where the facility is located.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /water/wastewater/iw/pulpap.htm (492 words)

	K-Tron International business lines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Penn Crusher manufactures size reduction and related equipment for the electric utility industry to crush coal before it is used as fuel in the steam furnaces of coal-fired power generation plants, and it also serves other industries such as mining, quarrying and glass making.
		A chip sizer is marketed to the pulp and paper industry to resize chips too large for use in a pulp digester.
		Gundlach manufactures size reduction equipment for the coal mining industry, and its equipment is also used to crush coal and other minerals in coal-fired power stations, salt processing plants, fertilizer manufacturing facilities and other industrial applications.
	www.ktroninternational.com /business_lines (2811 words)

	Pulp and Paper Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The industry produced about 86 million tons of paper and paperboard products in 1993, about 700 pounds for every man, woman, and child in the United States.
		The forest products industry is also a large consumer of energy (third in industry) and generates over 2 billion tons of waste every year, mostly non-hazardous waste water and sludge.
		Even so, the industry spent nearly $5.5 billion on purchased energy in 1991, or over 4% of the value of its shipments.
	www.ittstandard.com /STN-Pulp-and-Paper-Industry.asp (141 words)

	Such Pulp As Dreams Are Made On (H. P. Lovecraft and Clark Ashton Smith) By Robert Allerton Parker
		Nine-hundred and sixty nine mills are engaged in the primary pulp and paper industry in the United States: more than a million persons are supported by this process.
		The "news" purveyed on paper may intensify and temporarily nourish, in vicarious fashion, the hunger for communal participation, and provide a temporary release from the rigors of everyday monotony.
		The pulps thrive with the hardihood of weeds—or the ambiguous hemp-plant.
	www.eldritchdark.com /misc/such_pulp_as_dreams_are_made_on.html (3273 words)

	Amazon.com: Pulp & Paper 2000 North American Factbook (Serial) (Pulp and Paper North American Factbook): Books: Pulp & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The North American Pulp & Paper Factbook is an annual overview and analysis of the performance of the pulp and paper industry in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
		Profiles of the major pulp and paper companies is given in a condensed format.
		Industry structure, exports and imports, profitability, capital spending, capacity expansion, mergers and acquisitions, woodfiber and forest resources, labor, and environmental regulations as they relate to the North American paper industry are discussed in detail.
	www.amazon.com /Paper-North-American-Factbook-Serial/dp/0879304685 (661 words)

	The Bulletin Online
		Researchers at NC State received a new $2.8 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to improve efficiency and product quality in the multi-billion dollar global pulp and paper industry.
		Every day, pulp and paper mills use tremendous amounts of chemicals and energy to break down – or pulp – lignin, a polymeric “glue” in wood that binds individual wood fibers together.
		The reason for this is because of the economy of scale in which the pulp and paper industry works.
	www.ncsu.edu /BulletinOnline/03_05/pulppaper.htm (417 words)

	Pulp & Paper - My Industry - Applications & Equipment \| Linde Gas LLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Our products can help cost-conscious customers like the pulp and paper industry to realize their environmental aims.
		It is a necessary method at pulp mills looking to eliminate chlorine-bleaching chemicals in the pulp production process, or to eliminate bleach plant effluents.
		Ozone delignification is another economical alternative for eliminating, or partially replacing, the use of chlorine-containing chemicals.
	www.us.lindegas.com /international/web/lg/us/likelgus.nsf/DocByAlias/nav_industry_pulp (151 words)

	Pulp & Paper Centre: Welcome
		The Pulp and Paper Centre at the University of Toronto, which exists within the umbrella of the Department, was founded in 1987 by Professor Doug Reeve, who was the Director for fifteen years.
		Although the Centre has grown and changed with the challenges that face the industry, its mission has remained the same: it continues to facilitate partnerships between the University and the pulp and paper industry in order to provide excellence in education, research, and information transfer.
		The Pulp and Paper Centre encourages extensive student involvement at both the graduate and the undergraduate level, drawing upon an impressive pool of talent: 51 graduate students, 28 undergraduate students, 25 associated staff, and 46 faculty from several departments within the University of Toronto.
	www.pulpandpaper.utoronto.ca /Welcome (599 words)

	paperindustryweb.com Home Page
		With the founders having a paper industry background it was natural to fall back on their experience in the paper industry as a point of convergence for their web page.
		Pulp mills, pulp and paper mills in the United States sorted by state location.
		Paper Industry Trends Even with the paper industry plagued with overcapacity and reduced capital spending, some suppliers are continuing to do well in this business.
	www.paperindustryweb.com (1202 words)

	AIChE Forest Products Home Page
		Industry Link offers a huge set of links to many industries, including a large page of links for the pulp, paper, and forestry industries.
		Paprican, the Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, is the largest pulp and paper research and technology institute in the world.
		CTP (or the Pulp and Paper Research and Technical Centre) is a leading paper research institute in Grenoble, France.
	www.jefflindsay.com /Paper.shtml (5604 words)

	Feasibility of Industrial Hemp Production in the United States Pacific Northwest, SB681
		Hemp was introduced to the United States in 1645 by the Puritans in New England as a fiber source for household spinning and weaving, but never became as important as flax in the region.
		The hemp industry flourished in Kentucky, Missouri, and Illinois between 1840 and 1860 due to strong demand for sailcloth and cordage, however, large imports of cheaper jute and abaca eventually displaced most domestic hemp (Dodge, 1897; Dempsey, 1975).
		In both Europe and the United States, this industry was developed to use not only wood fiber but also a wide range of agricultural residues such as sugarcane bagasse, flax shives, corn stalks, and cereal straw.
	extension.oregonstate.edu /catalog/html/sb/sb681 (10637 words)

	PULP & PAPER \| Prodcution & Manufacturing
		The total annual direct cost of corrosion is estimated at $6.0 billion, with the majority of this cost in the paper and paperboard-making industry, and calculated as a fraction of the maintenance costs.
		Paper production consists of a series of processes and can be roughly divided according to the five major manufacturing steps: pulp production, pulp processing and chemical recovery, pulp bleaching, stock preparation, and paper manufacturing.
		Each manufacturing step has its own corrosion problems related to the size and quality of the wood fibers, the amount of and temperature of the process water, the concentration of the treatment chemicals, and the materials used for machinery construction.
	www.corrosioncost.com /prodmanu/pulppaper/index.htm (227 words)

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