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Topic: Pulse forming network

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	Pulse Forming Networks
		Pulse Forming Networks are designed for use in circuits which convert direct current or sinusoidal alternating current to uni-directional square pules at high energy levels for short duration.
		The performance of the pulse forming network is the heart of the modulator for radar or missile operation.
		By definitions, a type "E" network is defined as having equal capacitance per mesh and mutual inductance between adjacent coils The common practice for use of a type "E" network is indicated in the circuit Figure a.
	www.ieci.com.au /highvoltage/type_PFN.html (1218 words)

	Pulse forming network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In practice, a PFN is charged by means of a high voltage power source, then rapidly discharged into a load via a high voltage switch, such as a spark gap or hydrogen thyratron.
		These components are interconnected (as a "ladder network") that behaves similar to a length of transmission line.
		A pulse transformer is typically required when driving higher impedance devices such as klystrons or magnetrons from a PFN.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulse_forming_network (415 words)

	Plasma electron source for cold-cathode discharge device or the like - Patent 4570106
		The plasma is sustained in the cavity subsequent to the termination of the trigger pulse by a bias circuit, which biases the cavity at a relatively low voltage with respect to the cathode for a period of time much longer than the duration of the trigger pulse.
		In the embodiments previously described, a pulse transformer is utilized between the intermediate electrode and the trigger electrode for the purpose of applying to the trigger electrode a short-duration trigger pulse sufficient to establish a plasma in the cavity of each of the embodiments.
		Due to the rapid rise of the trigger pulse, capacitor 38 appears as a short-circuit to ground, allowing flashover to occur cross the surrounding washer 29 in the region between surface 25 of the intermediate electrode and the trigger electrode.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4570106.html (6797 words)

	Reset circuit in a magnetic modulator - Patent 4684821
		More particularly, there is shown in schematic form a DC power supply 20 and a charging transformer 21 connected through a silicon control rectifier (SCR) 22 and a diode 24 to the high side of the primary winding 16 of switching reactor 17.
		The pulse forming network 53 in the arrangement of the prior art repeatedly discharges into the very low impedance of the saturable reactor secondary winding 17" as suggested in FIG.
		This causes the pulse forming network 53 to discharge and its voltage to reverse repeatedly because of its low impedance and the underdamped state of the circuit.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4684821.html (1902 words)

	Tolani Owusu's Final SIST Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pulse is a departure of some electrical quantity such as voltage, current or power from zero or equilibrium value.
		However, the irregularities in pulse shapes that are encountered make it apparent that determining pulse voltage is limited to special applications where the shape is known and the nature of the pulse response to that particular pulse shape being measured is also known.
		Summarizing the discussion on pulse forming line, it may be said that all physical system have u navoidable losses and distributed capacitances and inductances with skin effect in the conductors being the predominate loss.
	sist.fnal.gov /archive/2000-topics/Owusu (3451 words)

	Radar modulation
		The pulse-forming network is discharged by a spark gap.
		The thyratron requires a sharp leading edge for a trigger pulse and depends on a sudden drop in anode voltage (controlled by the pulse-forming network) to terminate the pulse and cut off the tube.
		When a trigger pulse is applied to the grid of V2, the tube ionizes causing the pulse-forming network to discharge through V2 and the primary of T1.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book12/49i.htm (1060 words)

	Pulse Forming Networks
		PFNs are usually comprised of a number of capacitors and inductors arranged so that the discharge pulses from the capacitors are spaced in time, resulting in a square or trapezoidal current pulse with a relatively flat top.
		Pulse Risetime is normally specified between 10% and 90% of the average pulse amplitude.
		Pulse Width is normally specified as the time between the 70% average pulse amplitude points (the half power points).
	www.gaep.com /pulse-forming-networks.html (934 words)

	[No title]
		Pulse generation is based on the line type modulator principle.
		Each one of the 40 pulse forming network (PFN) -units is a printed circuit board with a 2kV line-type (50µs) modulator.
		The electrical behaviour of the special pulse transformer implies the short cicuiting of all unused primaries during a discharge pulse by means of aspecial SCR circuit (TSC).
	www.nikhef.nl /pub/projects/amps/modul.htm (1039 words)

	High Repetition Rate Thyristor Driver for a Magnetic Modulator
		The pulsed laser modulator uses a non-linear magnetic circuit involving saturatable reactors of magnetic materials such as ferrite and met-glass in a pulse-forming network (PFN).
		A narrow, second anode current pulse is observed for the case of a mismatched load during the initial stages of laser startup.
		The pulse width of 4µs also helps in accommodating the 1 µs delay caused by the magnetic assist which, in turn, helps in achieving a high di/dt rate of anode current rise and in reducing the turn-on switching loss of the device.
	www.techonline.com /community/ed_resource/feature_article/20413?print (1812 words)

	Frequency agile magnetron imaging radar (US4538149)
		The pulses from a frequency agile magnetron are controlled so that their frequencies are approximately those of a highly coherent stepped frequency source.
		Means are provided for monitoring the magnetron's tuning piston position read-out voltage and for triggering the pulse forming network associated with the magnetron at the occurrence of each one of a set at a predetermined read-out voltage levels.
		Correction values are generated and are utilized to generate a new set of magnetron read-out voltage levels at which the pulse forming network is to be triggered.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04538149 (278 words)

	B 211 Neutron Generator - Thermo Electron Corporation
		The accelerator and pulse forming network are packed into a 4" diameter housing.
		The B 211 is a borehole version of the standard B 211 and is designed for in-situ assay of transuranic radioactive waste.
		The accelerator and pulse forming network are packaged into a 4" diameter housing.
	www.thermo.com /com/cda/product/detail/1,1055,14869,00.html (114 words)

	[No title]
		The pulsed microwave source was a magnetron transmitter with a frequency of 1355 MHz, a nominal pulsed power of 2.5 MW and a pulse length of 4 $mu@s.
		Pulse generators for mass launchers, very low impedance loads, and space-based applications where volume and weight density are at a premium are ideal target applications for pulse electrolytics.
		Analysis has shown that when the pulse forming network approximates a lumped constant transmission line a maximum flat pulse is produced with minimal degradation of the pulse rise time.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/1400/1411.html (2748 words)

	pulse conversion
		A difficulty with bifilar secondary windings is that the windings form a parasitic "delay line" by their distributed stray capacitance and stray inductance.
		It is to consider or a ‘cycle pulse transformer’ has profit to increase the redundancy and flexibility and lowered the voltage specifications of the pulse-forming part.
		The, in that case used, pulse forming units can be build with ‘low’ voltage material and components in mass production what decreases costs and increases reliability and manageability.
	www.nikhef.nl /~erichn/conversion/conv.html (664 words)

	Espey Mfg. - Power Supplies: High Voltage
		This unit is a high voltage pulse transformer used in the E-2C Hawkeye Airborne Surveillance Radar.
		The unit forms an integral part of the modulator for the Coaxitron radar transmitter by providing a 20kV, 200AMP, 13uS positive pulse to the plate circuit of the grid amplifier tube.
		The unit forms a part of the E‑Line modulator for the Coaxitron radar transmitter.
	www.espey.com /products/Products_Comb_9.htm (217 words)

	The activity during 1999 dealt with the acquisition and assembly of the components and the design and construction of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The activity during 1999 dealt with the acquisition and assembly of the components and the design and construction of the Pulse Forming Network (PFN) and the plasma source.
		Since the PFN protection system was not completely tested, the voltage has been limited to 5 kV, and therefore the stored energy to 0.625 kJ.
		The inductors are built in the PFN already, but they are not included in the schematic because they will be not be used in the first phase of the experiment.
	www.fusion.ucla.edu /ife/initial-phase.htm (754 words)

	The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
		The discharge cycle results in a pulse of 10 kV (with a pulse width determined by the design of the pulse-forming network) to appear across the input of the pulse transformer.
		The RF pulses are sent to the accelerating structure to set up an electric field which is used to accelerate electrons and produce X-rays.
		At the beginning of the pulse, the structure is basically a short circuit; most of the RF power is reflected back toward the source.
	asnt.org /publications/materialseval/basics/feb98basics/feb98basics.htm (4315 words)

	Tolani Owusu's Final SIST Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Producing the desired pulse may be understood in terms of theory of wave propagation.
		However, the irregularities in pulse shapes that are encountered make it apparent that determining pulse voltage is limited to special applications where the shape is known and the nature of the pulse response to that particular pulse shape being measured is also known.
		Summarizing the discussion on pulse forming line, it may be said that all physical system have unavoidable losses and distributed capacitances and inductances with skin effect in the conductors being the predominate loss.
	sist.fnal.gov /archive/2000-topics/Owusu_old (3629 words)

	Sam's Laser FAQ - Solid State Laser Power Supplies
		Capacitance, Voltage, and Inductance of a PFN (pfn.c)
		The diode in series with the PFN must be able to handle the maximum voltage of the trigger pulse and the peak current of the PFN discharge pulse through the flashlamp.
		As a first approximation, the specific value of inductance in the pulse forming network will be determined mostly by the desired pulse duration from the flashlamp and the value of the energy storage capacitor(s).
	repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu /sam/lasersps.htm (5796 words)

	Custom Pulsed Flashlamp Drivers
		To overcome these limitations, AMI has also developed variable pulsewidth systems which allow both the output pulsewdith and pulse energy to be adjusted over a wide range with little impact on the output pulse shape.
		These variable pulsewidth units are often used in platforms having more than one output wavelength and in long pulse systems which would normally require a bulky multi-mesh pulse-forming network consisting of anywhere from three to ten capacitor/inductor sections.
		Unlike conventional PFN's, variable pulsewidth systems apply a DC voltage directly to the flashlamp anode by means of a high speed, high voltage switch.
	www.analogmodules.com /Catalog/custom1.htm (462 words)

	Bi Ra Systems: Model 727
		Edges of the output pulses are then sharpened with a saturable inductor before being applied to the HN connector.
		The PFN charging power supply is transformer isolated, rectified, filtered and shunt-regulated using a power MOSFET as the switching device.
		The trigger input pulse width is expanded and then simultaneously controls the charging power supply, the SCR gate and the MOSFET gate are used to cut off charging current to the SCR.
	www.bira.com /cat/scr727.htm (414 words)

	Pulse (signal processing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
		A rapid change in some characteristic of a signal, e.g., phase or frequency, from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
		In telephony, pulse dialing is a way of dialing a telephone number using interrupted electrical pulses (see rotary dial).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulsing (139 words)

	14190_69
		This circuit consists of the modulator switch and the primary of the pulse transformer.
		pulse width depends on the velocity of propagation along the line (determined by the inductances and
		Pulse-forming networks are often insulated by immersing each circuit element in oil.
	www.tpub.com /content/neets/14190/css/14190_69.htm (405 words)

	Thyratron Power Supply Page
		Because the signal develops a "tail" as the cable discharges, a second thyratron fires at the end of the pulse grounding the cables and "clipping" the energy pulse to have a very short fall time.
		After coursing through the kicker magnet, the pulse of energy is then returned up to the service building through more cables and dumped into a resistor.
		The clip tube was there to prevent the pulse tail from disturbing the stack of antiprotons in the Accumulator as the shutter in the shuttered kickers opened.
	www.bartoszekeng.com /resume/thyratrn/thyratrn.htm (767 words)

	Sam's Laser FAQ - Complete SS Laser Power Supply Schematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The PFN (Pulse Forming Network) as shown was designed to optimally drive a 8358 flashlamp with a 15 J input at less than 50 us.
		The pulse forming network is 479 J (max) using a 666 uF, 1,350 V (max) capacitor bank and 10 mH inductor.
		Alternatively, for maximum output pulse energy, using a higher quality (non-electrolytic) energy storage capacitor and pulse forming inductor may be desirable.
	www.repairfaq.org /sam/laserssc.htm (10167 words)

	Radar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Adjusting the timing between when the transmitter sends a pulse and when the receiver stage is enabled will generally reduce the sunburst without affecting the accuracy of the range, since most sunburst is caused by diffused transmit pulse reflected before it leaves the antenna.
		This pattern of pulses and pauses is known as the Pulse Repetition Frequency (or PRF), and is one of the main ways to characterize a radar.
		Modulators consist of a high voltage pulse generator formed from a HV supply, a pulse forming network or line (PFN) and a high voltage switch such as a thyratron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radar (4834 words)

	Sam's Laser FAQ - Complete SS Laser Power Supply Schematics
		The pulse forming network is what determines the performance of a pulsed solid state laser.
		Typical pulse repetition rates for these systems are on the order of 10 pps and power to charge the cap is usually provided by a DC-to-AC converter, step-up transformer, HV rectifier, PFN, and a parallel trigger circuit.
		I suspect that the inability to make it work with the Q-switch was at least partially due to the excessively long discharge pulse (I estimate at 6 ms) which results in insufficient population density in the upper energy state of the ruby for the laser to reach threshold when the Q-switch is in position.
	zekfrivolous.com /faq/sam/laserssc.htm (9722 words)

	Pulse Forming Network Suppliers from The Industrial Resource Network - Distributors, manufacturers, and wholesalers of ...
		Pulse Forming Network Suppliers from The Industrial Resource Network - Distributors, manufacturers, and wholesalers of pulse forming network
		PowerSourcing is your best source for locating pulse forming network suppliers.
		Quickly find pulse forming network and thousands of other products and services for purchasing and research.
	www.powersourcing.com /sg/pulseformingnetwork.htm (111 words)

	A Study of Power Diode Failure Mechanisms in the U.S. Army Research Laboratory 30-mm Solid Propellant ...
		Abstract: Experiments have been performed with a 100-kJ Pulse Forming Network (PFN) at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) for the purpose of characterizing semiconductor diodes which serve as capacitor.protecting crowbar devices.
		As part of this study, computer techniques were used to refine and develop the understanding of the dynamic, or switching, behavior of PFN diodes.
		It was determined from analyses of the various data collected, that when operated in a PFN under specific loading conditions (simulated here with fixed resistive loads), diodes are subject to transient or high frequency voltage peaks.
	www.stormingmedia.us /00/0031/A003192.html (305 words)

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