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Topic: Pulse pressure

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	Transmission pressure pulse
		The velocity of transmission of the pressure pulse along the normal aorta is 3 to 5 meters per second, along the large arterial branches 7 to 10 meters per second, and in the smaller arteries 15 to 35 meters per second.
		The pressure pulse becomes less and less intense as it passes through the small arteries and arterioles, until it becomes almost absent in the capillaries This is called the damping of the pressure pulse and is caused mainly by a combined effect of vascular distensibility and vascular resistance.
		Pressure pulse contour in the dorsalis pedis artery of a dog recorded, first, under normal conditions and, second, during stimulation of the sympathetic nerves supplying the femoral artery.
	www.fys.ruu.nl /~vdrijst/transmission_pressure_pulse.htm (1065 words)

	Pulse Pressure
		Pulse pressure was most strongly linked to subsequent heart risk in the 600 participants who did not have any diagnosis of hypertension and who weren’t taking antihypertensives.
		Pulse pressure amplification increased during pacing due to a reduction in central pressure augmentation.
		Pulse Pressure Valuable Measure in Heart Disease: In a study 110 patients with coronary artery disease, only 24-h pulse pressure was significantly related to the severity of coronary artery disease (P <.01), carotid IMT (P <.01), and left ventricular (LV) mass index (P <.01).
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /pulse_pressure.htm (1645 words)

	Pulse Pressure as a Predictor of Congestive Heart Failure - August 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians
		Pulse pressure (the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures) rises with age as a result of arterial stiffening, and arterial stiffness is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
		To evaluate whether an increased pulse pressure could serve as a predictor of congestive heart failure in the elderly, Chae and colleagues conducted a prospective cohort study of the possible relationship between increased pulse pressure and the occurrence of congestive heart failure in 1,621 elderly persons.
		An increased pulse pressure, however, was related to age, use of antihypertensive medications and presence of diabetes mellitus.
	www.aafp.org /afp/990800ap/tips/3.html (540 words)

	[No title]
		The measurement of pulse pressure is the difference of the two blood pressure measurements -- the systolic (the higher number) and diastolic (the lower number).
		The systolic pressure is the highest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle, which occurs immediately after the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
		The diastolic pressure is the lowest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle occurring during the expansion or dilation of the cavities of the heart during which they fill with blood.
	www.mercola.com /2000/sep/24/pulse_pressure.htm (636 words)

	LifeHeart.com \| Blood Pressure
		Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries as blood flows through the body.
		This pressure is created by both the blood pumping into the body from the heart, and by the resistance of your arteries to the flow of blood.
		Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, or mm Hg, in reference to the mercury that was used in older blood pressure measuring devices.
	www.lifeheart.com /patient/heart_basics/blood_pressure.asp (1081 words)

	High blood pressure (hypertension) - causes, treatments and medications
		An elevation of the systolic pressure without an elevation of the diastolic pressure, as occurs in isolated systolic hypertension, therefore, increases the pulse pressure.
		Stiffening of the arteries contributes to this widening of the pulse pressure.
		An elevated blood pressure that is induced by the stress and anxiety of a visit to the doctor may not necessarily always be a harmless finding since other stresses in the patient's life may likewise cause elevations in the blood pressure that are not ordinarily being measured.
	www.medicinenet.com /high_blood_pressure/page2.htm (1572 words)

	Systolic better than diastolic or pulse blood pressure as indicator of mortality risk
		Their evaluation of blood pressure measurements and mortality risk found that diastolic and pulse pressure measurements were weaker indicators of mortality risk and their effect was more dependent on age and other factors.
		Systolic pressure, which is the higher number and first number in a blood pressure reading, measures the force of blood in the arteries as the heart contracts to push blood through the body.
		Increasing pulse pressure caused by increased systolic pressure was associated with an increased risk of mortality.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-11/jhub-sbt_1110303.php (612 words)

	Personal Reporter -- Dispatch Answers About High Blood Pressure/Pulse Pressure -- WebMD
		Pulse pressure refers to the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic is the first number, diastolic is the second).
		With a normal blood pressure of 120/80, the pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg.
		This increased pulse pressure puts extra strain on the heart and seems to be associated with increased risk of stroke and heart attack.
	www.webmd.com /content/Article/59/66763.htm (370 words)

	[No title]
		Pressure difference is the difference between the mean pressure in the aorta and the pressure in the vena cava just before the blood enters the heart (this latter value is almost zero).
		These palpable pulses represent the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures and this difference is known as the pulse pressure, e.g.
		Pressure in the arteries of the legs is normally the same as that in the arms.
	greenfield.fortunecity.com /rattler/46/bloodpressure.htm (3474 words)

	The Reproduction of the Pulse Pressure Waveform by an Implemented TAH.
		This pulse phenomenon of a natural blood circulating system (BSC) can be easily detected by anyone "looking for a pulse" which is in fact a wave pressure propagating along a blood vessel actually stretching the wall of that vessel.
		The simulation of the wave phenomenon by simulating a natural blood pulse shape with a steep front (but not steeper than the natural one) of the pulse could reduce the blood pressure in the BSC and thereby reduce or even eliminate the danger of damage to the vessels.
		In a TAH with simulation of the pulse shape the blood pressure could be reduced up to 30% for pumping the same amount of blood.
	home.att.net /~emogen/pptah5.html (529 words)

	DG DISPATCH - ASH MEETING: New Risk Factor In Cardiovascular Disease -- Pulse Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gasowski said an increase in the pulse pressure by 10 mm Hg, increased the risk of major cardiovascular complications (after controlling for systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and other co-variants) to almost 13 percent for all coronary end-points and to nearly 20 percent for all cardiovascular mortality.
		The patients demonstrated a mean blood pressure of 118/76 mm Hg with an average pulse pressure of 42 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg.
		Fang said that in the younger patients with pulse pressures greater than 50 mm Hg, cardiovascular mortality was increased (70 percent in men and 310 percent in women) when compared with patients to pulse pressures of less than 36 mm Hg.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/fffaa.htm (943 words)

	High Blood Pressure - UMMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The diastolic pressure (the lower and second number) is the measurement of force as the heart relaxes to allow the blood to flow into the heart.
		High diastolic pressure (the second and lower number) is a strong predictor of heart attack and stroke in young adults and in people of any age with essential hypertension.
		Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and the diastolic readings.
	www.umm.edu /patiented/articles/what_high_blood_pressure_000014_1.htm (1212 words)

	Pulse-wave propagation time basis blood pressure monitor - Patent 5649543
		A photoelectric pulse wave sensor 4 is attached to an ear lobe of a subject, for example, and senses a pulse wave in the peripheral blood vessel.
		At rest, the pulse pressure as the difference between the maximum blood pressure and the minimum blood pressure depends mainly on a volumetric elasticity of the blood vessel.
		Where the volumetric elasticity of the blood vessel is large, the pulse pressure is large, and where the volumetric elasticity of the blood vessel is large, the parameter.alpha.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5649543.html (7266 words)

	Pressure
		Pressure is indicated directly in mmHg on a digital panel meter in both modes, and is available as an analog output voltage for data acquisition.
		These pressure signals can be simultaneously sent to a recorder or data acquisition system while selectively monitoring any one of the four pressures on the meter.
		The extravascular pressure (EvP) in the sealed chamber is sensed by a solid-state pressure transducer.
	www.livingsys.com /pressure.htm (972 words)

	High Blood Pressure
		Two numbers are used to describe blood pressure: the systolic pressure (the higher and first number) and the diastolic pressure (the lower and second number).
		The systolic pressure (the first and higher number) is the force that blood exerts on the artery walls as the heart contracts to pump out the blood.
		High systolic pressure is now known to be a greater risk factor than diastolic pressure for heart, kidney, and circulatory complications and for death, particularly in middle-aged and elderly adults.
	www.icaa.cc /WCI/articles/000014_1.htm (1147 words)

	Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure)
		Blood pressure, measured with a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope by a nurse or other healthcare provider, is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls.
		The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood.
		With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder to circulate the blood.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_nontrauma/vital.cfm (1734 words)

	Pulse Pressure Serves As Marker For Heart Disease Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Athanase Benetos, M.D., Ph.D., research director at Inserm and associate professor of clinical therapeutics at the University of Paris, said this is the first study to show that pulse pressure measurement may help in the evaluation of the individual risk, therefore the therapeutic decision-making.
		Our results demonstrated that increased pulse pressure is a predictor of global mortality and cardiovascular mortality, especially coronary heart disease mortality, independently of other risk factors and the level of men's blood pressure," Benetos said.
		Both younger and older individuals with a pulse pressure greater than 65 mmHg had a three-fold increase in coronary heart disease mortality compared to those with a pulse pressure less than or equal to 45 mmHg.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/4ce26.htm (295 words)

	Ask an Expert: Pulse pressure
		What is the optimum pulse pressure (normal limits) for an average 47 year old male?Is it as in blood pressure the lower the better?Thank you.
		We consider a pulse pressure of 50 mm Hg or lower as normal, but there are no data to help decide what the optimal pulse pressure would be.
		It has recently been found that the pulse pressure is a powerful predictor of stroke and heart disease.
	www.netwellness.org /question.cfm/23254.htm (256 words)

	Pulse Pressure
		Definition: Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Pulse pressure is mainly a function of stroke volume and arterial compliance.
		When a heart beats at a normal frequency, the volume increment during the rapid ejection phase is a large fraction of the stroke volume (80%).
		Given the same volume increment, pulse pressure will be greater if the arterial compliance is less, and pulse pressure will be less if the arterial compliance is greater.
	bme.usc.edu /bme403/Section_3/pulse_pressure.html (393 words)

	How the Body Controls Blood Pressure
		This pressure is highest in the arteries closest to the heart and gradually decreases as the blood travels around the body.
		Because the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in more distant vessels, blood moves forward toward the body's tissues.
		Recent study results suggest that individuals with large pulse pressures are at the greater risk for complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke or heart attack.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/highbp/HBP_how.html (1099 words)

	Pulse pressure: An indicator of heart health? - MayoClinic.com
		For example, if your resting blood pressure is 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), your pulse pressure is 40 — the difference between 120 and 80.
		But by far the most important cause of elevated pulse pressure is stiffness and reduced elasticity of the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
		Evidence suggests that pulse pressure may be a strong predictor of heart problems, especially in older adults.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/pulse-pressure/AN00968 (308 words)

	How being older affects your blood pressure - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Systolic pressure is the first number in a blood pressure reading, such as 115/75 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
		In fact, older adults with high blood pressure are more vulnerable than are their younger counterparts to the complications of high blood pressure.
		Because older adults are more susceptible to postural (orthostatic) hypotension — a drop in blood pressure when you rise or stand up, which increases your risk of falls — you may need to increase doses more slowly or avoid certain blood pressure medications.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/high-blood-pressure/HI00064 (1276 words)

	Blood Pressure & Pulse
		Blood pressure is taken using an instrument called a sphygmomanometer which consists of a cuff that can be filled with air, a hollow rubber bulb that pumps the air, and a glass tube containing a column of mercury.
		The pressure with which the blood begins to flow represents the pressure of the heart's contraction (known as the systolic phase).
		Your pulse is taken by touching one of several "pulse points" located on your body.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /article/conditioncoro/715 (703 words)

	Ask an Expert: Pulse pressure
		Your pulse pressure is 51 (116 minus 65).
		A normal pulse pressure is 50 or less.
		At age 52, a systolic blood pressure of 116 is excellent.
	www.netwellness.org /question.cfm/31934.htm (258 words)

	IngentaConnect Wide Pulse Pressure in the Elderly
		With advancing age the large arteries of the body become more stiff and less compliant, which causes an increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure.
		A perusal of the literature reveals that in the last few years there is ample evidence and multiple publications claiming that a wide pulse pressure, reflecting large artery stiffness, is a significant and at times independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease particularly in the elderly.
		This article presents a review and a summary of the salient studies and trials conducted in different institutions and countries correlating the increase in pulse pressure with cardiovascular outcomes primarily cardiovascular mortality, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ben/ccr/2005/00000001/00000003/art00006 (264 words)

	Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure as Predictors of Risk for Congestive Heart ...
		Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and Pulse Pressure as Predictors of Risk for Congestive Heart Failure in the Framingham Heart Study -- Haider et al.
		Pulse pressure is a measure of stiffness of the arterial walls
		pressure was strongly related to the occurrence of CHF.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/summary/138/1/10 (862 words)

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