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Topic: Pulsed inductive thruster

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Hall effect thruster

Ion thruster

Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster

Pulsed plasma thruster

Field Emission Electric Propulsion

Lorentz force

Spacecraft propulsion

Magnetic field

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	Pulsed inductive thruster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pulsed inductive thrusters (or PITs) are a form of ion thruster used in spacecraft propulsion.
		A PIT uses perpendicular electric and magnetic fields to accelerate a propellant.
		Unlike an electrostatic ion thruster, PIT requires no electrodes (which are susceptible to erosion) and its power can be scaled up simply by increasing the number of pulses per second.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulsed_inductive_thruster (186 words)

	Encyclopedia: EHD thruster
		This is the general and most appropriate term used for high voltage propulsion devices in which, unlike their relative ion thruster family, do not need to carry their own gas supply, although they still require to carry their own electrical power source or generator.
		An EHD thruster is a propulsion device based on ionic air propulsion, that works without moving parts, uses only electrical energy and is able to fly autonomously and carry additional cargo.
		Unlike the Lifter, within an EHD thruster, the air gap in its second stage is not restricted or related to the Corona discharge voltage of its ionising stage.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/EHD-thruster (1074 words)

	Ion thruster - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		An ion thruster is one of several types of spacecraft propulsion that uses beams of ions for propulsion.
		Ion thrusters are therefore able to achieve high specific impulse, reducing the amount of reaction mass required but increasing the amount of power required compared to chemical rockets.
		Ion thrusters can deliver performance approximately one order of magnitude greater fuel efficiency than traditional liquid fuel rocket engines but they are generally constrained to very low thrusts by the available power.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Ion_thruster (1071 words)

	Ion thruster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the simplest ion thruster design, an electrostatic ion thruster, the ions often hit the grids, which leads to erosion of the grids and their eventual failure.
		The Hall effect thruster is a type of ion thruster that has been used for decades for station keeping by the Soviet-Union and is now also applied in the West: the European Space Agency's satellite Smart 1 uses it.
		The HiPEP thruster differs from earlier ion thrusters because the xenon ions are produced using a combination of microwave and magnetic fields to oscillate electrons in the propellant atoms, causing the electrons to break free of the propellant atoms, leaving them as positive ions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ion_thruster (1145 words)

	Electric Rocket Engines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The only difference between actual PIT thrusters and the coil analogy is that a special valve and nozzle unit mounted in the center of the coil directs a short pulse of gas down to cover the face of the coil.
		Although the inductive coupling between the engine and plasma should imply that there is no erosion as there is in the MPD thruster, at high pulse rates the large surface area of the engine will be exposed to the thermal loading of having a virtually constant plasma mere centimeters from it.
		In the pulsed plasma thruster, a bar of solid propellant (could be anything but Teflon is the usual fuel of choice) is spring loaded against two stops near the exit of the thruster.
	www.waynesthisandthat.com /ep2.htm (4488 words)

	Pulsed inductive thruster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pulsed inductive thrusters or PITs as they are commonly abbreviated are a form of spacecraft propulsion that uses perpendicular electric and magneticfields to accelerate a propellant.
		A bank of capacitors releases a pulse of electric current lasting10 microseconds into the coil, generating a radial magnetic field.
		Unlike other electromagnetic drives, PIT requires no electrodes (which aresusceptible to erosion) and its power can be scaled up simply by increasing the number of pulses per second.
	www.therfcc.org /pulsed-inductive-thruster-117126.html (162 words)

	Multi-megawatt pulsed inductive thruster - Patent 5207760
		The thruster according to claim 9 wherein the first coil section and the third coil section are positioned on one face of the inductor and the second coil section and the fourth coil section are positioned on an opposite face of the inductor.
		The thruster according to claim 18 wherein a capacitor of the series of capacitors is electrically connected to the first outer connective point and a capacitor of the series of capacitors is electrically connected to the second outer connective point of each coil.
		The thruster according to claim 18 wherein the first coil section and the third coil section of each coil are positioned on one face of the inductor and the second coil section and the fourth coil section of each coil are positioned on an opposite face of the inductor.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5207760.html (4206 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pulsed inductive thruster
		Unlike other electrostatic drives, PIT requires no electrodes (which are susceptible to erosion) and its power can be scaled up simply by increasing the number of pulses per second.
		The electrostatic ion thruster is a kind of design for ion thrusters (a kind of highly-efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion running on electrical power).
		2 kW Laboratory Hall Thruster in operation at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory A Hall effect thruster is a type of electric propulsion rocket engine in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field in a plasma discharge with a radial magnetic field.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pulsed-inductive-thruster (672 words)

	Ion thruster - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ion thruster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ion thrusters can deliver performance approximately one order of magnitude greater than traditional liquid fuel rocket engines in terms of fuel efficiency, but they are generally constrained to very low thrusts.
		The acceleration received from the thruster is a very efficient form of propulsion, using very little reaction mass (i.e., the specific impulse, or Isp, is very high).
		In the simplest design of engine, an electrostatic ion thruster, the ions often hit the grids on their way through the engine, which leads to the decay of the grids and their eventual failure.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ion-thruster.html (989 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have experimentally used ion thrusters with some success (a form of electric propulsion).
		In a conventional solid fuel rocket, the fuel is burned, providing the energy, and the reaction products are allowed to flow out the back, providing the reaction mass.
		In an ion thruster, electricity is used to accelerate ions out the back.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Spacecraft_propulsion (3293 words)

	Ion thruster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The acceleration received from the thruster is a very efficient form of propulsion, using very little reaction mass.
		Ion thrusters can deliver performance approximately one order of magnitude greater than traditional liquid fuel rocket engines in terms of fuel efficiency.
		JP Aerospace has been working to build an orbital airship, which uses a combination of a balloon and ion thrusters to achieve orbit without any use of conventional rockets, for roughly one dollar per ton per mile of altitude.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ion_thruster (644 words)

	Pulse (legume)
		The term pulses, as used by the FAO, is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry grain and therefore excludes green beans and green peas, which are considered vegetable crops.
		Pulses are important food crops due to their high protein and essential amino acid content.
		Like many leguminous crops, pulses play a key role in crop rotation due to their ability to fix nitrogen.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/pulses.html (144 words)

	High-Power Electromagnetic Thruster
		Two high-power thruster concepts currently under investigation by Glenn are the magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster and the Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT).
		In self-field versions of the thruster, an azimuthal magnetic field generated by the current returning through the cathode interacts with the radial discharge current flowing through the plasma to produce an axial electromagnetic body force, providing thrust.
		Planned activities include continuation of the high-power pulsed MPD experiments to improve thruster efficiencies, and refurbishment of a steady-state thruster facility to provide extended thruster operation and life testing at submegawatt power levels.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2001/5000/5430lapointe.html (676 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Create improved pulsed power driver technology for a long- life, high efficiency electric thruster system for space use.
		PIT systems don’t require electrodes which are prone to erosion in other electromagnetic propulsion systems.
		Thrust depends on size and repetition rate of the Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) and will be in the range of 1 to 20 N. Pulse repetition rates of a VIG of 10 Hz have been demonstrated for more than a day.
	spi.auburn.edu /PIT.htm (169 words)

	Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster . Spacecraft propulsion . Hall effect thruster . Pulsed plasma thruster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Applied-field thrusters have magnetic rings surrounding the exhaust chamber to produce the magnetic field, while self-field thrusters have a cathode extending through the middle of the chamber.
		MPD thruster technology has been explored academically, but commercial interest has been low due to several remaining problems with the technology, namely extreme power requirements on the order of megawatts MW for optimum performance.
		Pulsed plasma thrusters use an arc of electric current through a solid propellant almost always teflon, to produce a quick and dependable burst of impulse.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Magnetoplasmadynamic_thruster (689 words)

	Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pulsed plasma thruster 1: '''Pulsed plasma thrusters''' use an arc of electric curren 4: Pulsed plasma thrusters were the first electric propulsi 9: 002abstext.htm Design of a High-energy, Two-stage Pulsed Plasma Thrust]
		Pulsed inductive thruster 1: '''Pulsed inductive thrusters''' or '''PITs''' as they are
		Cardiac arrhythmia 69: d it is used for treatment of supraventricular or pulsed ventricular tachycardia.
	www.elusiveeye.com /side5693-intense-pulsed-light-therapy.html (638 words)

	Untitled
		Pulsed Propellant Injector Development The purpose of this program is to develop a long life Pulsed Propellant Injector (PPI)for the Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) that meets NASA requirements for operational life from 5 to 15 years at thruster power levels up to megawatts.
		The PPI (valve) is integral to the thruster.
		The PIT is a compact thruster, with a specific mass of approximately 2-3 kg/kW that would be enabling for many interplanetary missions.
	research.hq.nasa.gov /code_s/nra/current/NNH04ZSS001N-CIEP/winners.html (1086 words)

	Thruster
		Come at it from this angle and locate the automatic flip-flop override device here, which in turn will diffuse the antigyroscopic preinterface thruster chamber, and the pneaumatic centripetal antigravity shield deflectors, then you simply deactivate the axial gyro-presubinertia-photomegatronic oscillator that you see here.
		"Thruster" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time.
		"Thruster" is used about 11 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /th/thruster.html (609 words)

	Pulsed inductive thruster -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A bank of (An electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge) capacitors releases a pulse of electric current lasting 10 microseconds into the coil, generating a radial magnetic field.
		Unlike other electromagnetic drives, PIT requires no (A conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit) electrodes (which are susceptible to erosion) and its power can be scaled up simply by increasing the number of pulses per second.
		A 1- (A unit of power equal to one million watts) megawatt system would pulse 200 times per second.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pu/pulsed_inductive_thruster.htm (200 words)

	Space Propulsion Let's do it Better Electrically (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The function of the solid-propellant thruster aboard LES-6 was to produce micropounds of thrust to counteract forces on the spacecraft caused by the earth’s oblateness.
		The operation of the pulsed inductive thruster is analogous to that of an induction motor.
		Possible competitors to the pulsed thruster are mechanical devices such as gyro-controlled platforms or momentum wheels.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1973/Nov-Dec/baty.html (5329 words)

	NASA Funds Research on Very High-Power Electric Thrusters
		The Advanced Electric-Propulsion Technologies Program is not likely to yield thrusters in time to support relatively near-term missions such as the nuclear-powered Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, which NASA hopes to launch around the middle of the decade, agency officials said.
		Rather, it is geared toward thrusters that would operate at 10 times the power of those likely to be used on the Jupiter mission and 100 times the power of the solar-electric thruster demonstrated on NASA’s Deep Space 1 mission.
		Princeton’s Advanced Lithium-fed Applied-field Lorentz Force Accelerator, or Alfa-Square, thruster design is part of a family of so-called magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters that have been in development since the 1960s.
	www.space.com /spacenews/archive04/nasaarch_081704.html (752 words)

	Advanced Electric-Propulsion Technologies R&D Teams Selected
		The thruster Northrop Grumman will develop will be capable of sustained operation at a power level of 200 kilowatts and an efficiency of 70 percent or higher while retaining a specific impulse range between 3000 and 10,000 seconds.
		Successful development will provide a compact thruster, with a specific mass of approximately two-to-three kilograms/kilowatt that would be enabling for many NASA interplanetary missions.
		The lithium thruster is a compact design optimised to operate at a power level of 240 kilowatts, efficiencies of greater than 60 percent, and a specific impulse of 6200 seconds.
	www.spacenewsfeed.co.uk /2004/1August2004_18.html (456 words)

	Mars Clippers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is powered by a vapor core reactor and has nuclear electric propulsion in the form of pulsed inductive thrusters with magnesium for reaction mass.
		Electrodeless PITs are very efficient and will not burn up during long periods of operation.
		Waste heat from thrusters is used to generate electricity for increased efficiency.
	www.moonminer.com /Mars_Clipper.html (231 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Ion_thruster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ion thrusters can deliver one order of magnitude greater fuel efficiency than traditional liquid fuel rocket engines, but are generally constrained to very low thrusts by the available power.
		Some of the types of ion thruster are:
		In 2003 NASA ground-tested a new version of their ion thruster called High Power Electric Propulsion, or HiPEP.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Ion_thruster (1119 words)

	Magnetohydrodynamic MACH Code Simulates Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters
		Such thrusters are envisioned for use in lunar and Mars cargo transport, piloted interplanetary expeditions, and deep-space robotic exploration of the solar system.
		The code was used recently at Glenn to simulate the performance of megawatt-class self-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters with material expansion nozzles (see the preceding figure).
		Additional modeling efforts are underway to simulate the performance of the TRW Pulsed Inductive Thruster (see the following figure), an electrodeless device that may circumvent the material erosion limits of conventional plasma thrusters to provide high efficiency over a range of specific impulse values.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2001/5000/5430mikellides.html (431 words)

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