
	Where results make sense

Topic: Pumbedita

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ACADEMIES IN BABYLONIA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The school at Pumbedita recognized the preeminence of that of Sura; and this leadership was firmly retained for several centuries.
		Sura and Pumbedita were considered the only important seats of learning: their heads and sages were the undisputed authorities, whose decisions were sought from all sides and were accepted wherever Jewish communal life existed.
		Pumbedita, on the other hand, may boast that two of its teachers, Sherira and his son Hai (died 1038), terminated in most glorious fashion the age of the Geonim and with it the activities of the Babylonian Academies.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=710&letter=A (2142 words)

	Ashi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ashi's teacher was Kahana, a member of the same college, who later became president of the academy at Pumbedita.
		A particularly important element in Ashi's success was the length of his tenure of office as head of Sura Academy, which must have lasted fifty-two years, but with tradition, probably for the sake of round numbers, was exaggerated into sixty.
		Rav Ashi's son Tabyomi, always spoken of as "Mar (Master), the son of Rab Ashi," was a recognized scholar, but it was not until 455, twenty-eight years after his father's death, that he was invested with the position that his father had so successfully filled for more than half a century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ashi (744 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - GAON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For while the Amoraim, through their interpretation of the Mishnah, gave rise to the Talmud, and while the Saboraim definitively edited it, the Geon im's task was to interpret it; for them it became the subject of study and instruction, and they gave religio-legal decisions in agreement with its teachings.
		As the academies of Sura and Pumbedita were also invested with judicial authority, the gaon officiated at the same time as supreme judge.
		The importance of the Geon im in Jewish history is due, in the first place, to the fact that for a number of centuries they occupied a unique position as the heads of their respective schools and as the recognized authorities of Judaism.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=68&letter=G&search=geon (3582 words)

	Exilarch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His tomb in Pumbedita was a place of worship as late as the twelfth century, according to Benjamin of Tudela.
		The members of the two academies [Sura and Pumbedita], led by the two heads [the geonim] as well as by the leaders of the community, assemble in the house of an especially prominent man before the Sabbath on which the installation of the exilarch is to take place.
		The first homage is paid on Thursday in the synagogue, the event being announced by trumpets, and every one sends presents to the exilarch according to his means.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exilarch (5429 words)

	Ashi. Who is Ashi? What is Ashi? Where is Ashi? Definition of Ashi. Meaning of Ashi.
		To such a degree of splendor did these festivities and other conventions in Sura attain that Ashi expressed his surprise that some of the Gentile residents of Sura were not tempted to accept Judaism.
		Sura maintained the prominence conferred on it by Ashi for several centuries, and only during the last two centuries of the Gaonic period did Pumbedita again become its rival.
		Ashi's son Tabyomi, always spoken of as "Mar (Master), the son of Rab Ashi," was a recognized scholar, but it was not until 455, twenty-eight years after his father's death, that he was invested with the position that his father had so successfully filled for more than half a century.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Ashi (711 words)

	Geonim - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Ḥofni, who died in 1034 ; the last gaon of Pumbedita was Hai, who died in 1038; hence the activity of the Geonim covers a period of nearly 450 years.
		The title of geon (also gaon) was given to the heads of the two Babylonian academies of Sura and Pumbedita, though it did not displace the title of Rosh Yeshivah ( Hebrew, head of the academy).
		As the academies of Sura and Pumbedita were invested with judicial authority, the gaon officiated as supreme judge.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Geonim (1172 words)

	Fallujah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The origin of the town's name is in some doubt, but one theory is that its Syriac name, Pallugtha, is derived from the word division.
		The city played host for several centuries to one of the most important Jewish academies, the Pumbedita Academy.
		Under the Ottoman Empire Fallujah was a little more than a minor stop on one of the country's main roads across the desert west from Baghdad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pumbedita (3142 words)

	Heritage
		During those years, [the following] ruled in Pumbedita: Rav Geviha of Be Kesil; and he died in 744.
		After him, Rafram of Pumbedita; and he died in the year 754.
		After him, Rav Rehumi -- or, as some have it, Rav Rehumai -- and he died in the year 767 in the time of persecution decreed by Yezdegerd.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode3/documents/documents_12.html (339 words)

	Editorial Address: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Unlike the Nehardea discussion, the Pumbedita discussion was not originally intended as a commentary on the mishna, but rather as a presentation of the reasons for the local halakhic practice, prohibiting an egg laid on Yom Tov (the view of Bet Hillel).
		In Pumbedita, however, the general practice was to follow R. Simeon's view on muktzeh, raising the question as to why an egg laid on Yom Tov should be forbidden.
		This question troubled the Amoraim of Pumbedita, who explained that the egg is, in fact, fund amentally permissible, and was only forbidden by special rabbinic enactment.
	www.biu.ac.il /js/sidra/eng/VOL9E.HTM (2267 words)

	Sour Grapes
		Pumbedita was the site of one of the main rabbinical academies in ancient Babylon where the Talmud, the repository of Jewish law and lore, was elaborated a millennium and a half ago.
		Remarkably, Pumbedita was located in what is now Fallujah, writes Hershel Shanks in the latest issue of the Jewish magazine Moment (August 2004, www.momentmag.com).
		In fact, "According to Jacob Obermeyer, a 19th century scholar, [the word] Fallujah is the linguistic equivalent of Pumbedita."
	hugh.freeshell.org /blog/2004/08/pumbedita-and-fallujah-finally-from.php (259 words)

	Heritage
		259 to 5th century CE There had been a Jewish community at Pumbedita, a town on the banks of the Euphrates River, since before the Roman period.
		In 259 CE, after the armies of Palmyra destroyed the Jewish academy at Nehardea, the scholar Judah bar Ezekiel began a new academy at Pumbedita.
		The leaders of Mecca finally accepted Muhammad's religious teachings in 630 and agreed to follow his authority.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode3/atlas/map2.html (694 words)

	Gemara (Talmud)
		He was active in Nehardea, and is known as a judge, apparently in the court of the Exilarch (the political head of the Babylonian Jewish community).
		Rabbah [bar Nahmani], died 330: The most prominent teacher of his generation, he directed the academy at Pumbedita.
		Modern scholarship, basing itself on careful internal analysis of Talmudic passages, prefers to see the redaction as a prolonged process that may have extended over several centuries.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/TalmudMap/Gemara.html (1317 words)

	[No title]
		Exilarchate In 750 the Abbasids, led by Abu-l-abbas al-Saffah (750-754) and Al-Mansur (754-775) established a new the Caliphate with its administrative center in Baghdad, a city founded in 762, which was also near the center of rabbinic scholarship in Babylonia.
		In 748, when he was passed over by the Exilarch for the position of Gaon of Pumbedita in favor of one of his own students, Rabbi Aha left, with many followers, for Palestine, where they established many synagogues that followed the Babylonian rites.
		In the tenth century a controversy between an Exilarch, Mar Ukbah, and the Gaon of Pumbedita led to the Exilarch being forced into exile.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9805/980512_h.html (3764 words)

	Loeb biblical family tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Served as Gaon of Pumbedita from 906 to 911.
		Served as Gaon of Pumbedita from 938 to 943.
		Served as Gaon of Pumbedita from 968 to 998 after having served as av bet din.
	www.loebtree.com /kings.html (3395 words)

	personal site,life& opinions - the truth is out there
		The king, upon expressing astonishment at this, was told by the youth that in the house of David, of which he had come, they were taught, since they themselves had lost their throne, neither to laugh nor to lift up the hand before a king, but to stand in motionless respect (Sanh.
		The king, moved thereby, showered favors upon him, made him an exilarch, and gave him the power to appoint judges of the Jews and the heads of the three academies, Nehardea, Sura, and Pumbedita.
		Benjamin of Tudela says that he was shown the grave of Bostanai near Pumbedita.
	www.freewebs.com /erwinli/bostanairoyaldescendentof.htm (1036 words)

	Mordechai Torczyner's WebShas - Index to the Talmud: Sages of the Gemara - Amoraim: Ulla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ulla was upset at the rabbis of Pumbedita, who shook out water from garments on Shabbat; Rav Yehudah said "Shake them in his face; [we may do it because] we aren't careful about their cleanliness": Shabbat 147a
		Ulla came to Pumbedita and saw a garment which he identified as being the shade of fl which, in a fluid, may be [menstrual] blood; the local people then bought every thread of the garment from its owner, to have for themselves: Niddah 20a
		Ulla came to Pumbedita and refused to examine a case of menstrual blood, because R' Elazar had refused to examine a case when in R' Yehudah's town: Niddah 20b
	www.aishdas.org /webshas/torah/amora/ulla.htm (402 words)

	:: WORLD OF TRUE :: [WOT] :: : Upsaid Web Journal
		Wisdom received: - Pumbedita was the site of one of the main rabbinical academies in ancient Babylon where the Talmud, the repository of Jewish law and lore, was elaborated a millenium and a half ago.
		Remarkably, Pumbedita was located in what is now Fallujah, writes Hershel Shanks in the latest issue of the Jewish magazine Moment
		Aramaic Pum-Bedita is Pallughtha in Syriac and Falluga in Arabic, or Fallujah as current newspapers spell it.
	www.upsaid.com /wot-online/index.php?action=viewcom&id=434 (639 words)

	Vol. II, Page 413 et seq.: "The Jewish Encyclopedia"
		There are some faint traces that a certain Hezekiah, a grandson of David’s son Judah, was exilarch for a time; but, according to other authorities, he was only gaon of Pumbedita—a post which, with his violent death in 1040, also passed way alter an existence of 800 years.
		The Academy of Pumbedita flourished for a century longer.
		Aaron ibn Sargado, a wealthy merchant of Bagdad and an opponent of Saadia, acted as gaon of Pumbedita (943-460) and very effectively.
	comeandhear.com /je/je_413.html (1730 words)

	Page 80
		In 320 AD the Roman Emperor Constantine was converted to Christianity, and enacted laws which forbade marriages between Christians and Jews and forbade Jews to keep Christian slaves.
		The core of dogma remained as Ezekiel, Ezra and Nehemiah had shaped and enforced it; but the Talmud, in effect, had taken the place of the Torah, as the Torah earlier had supplanted the "oral traditions".
		The heads of the academies of Sura and Pumbedita were called Gaonim and began to exercise autocratic power over the scattered Jews.
	knud.eriksen.adr.dk /Controversybook/TheMoveableGovernment.htm (3273 words)

	The Jewish Community of Baghdad
		During the Gaonate the Jews lived in a special quarter ("Dar Al-Yahud") and the "Jewish Bridge" connected them to the rest of the city.
		The Yeshivot of Sura and Pumbedita were established in Baghdad at the end of the 9th century.
		The city was an important center for the Karaite movement.
	bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Baghdad.asp (1178 words)

	Dancing with the Demons
		The matter is discussed by Rav Hai Ga’on, who headed the Babylonian academy of Pumbedita in the tenth century.
		The yeshivahs of Pumbedita and Mata Mehasiah–the latter is better known by its other name "Sura"–were the principal venues for the debates of the Babylonian Talmud, and they continued to co-exist through the Islamic era (though then they moved to the new metropolis of Baghdad).
		This should not be surprising, since they dwell in close proximity to the Babylonians and the House of Nebuchadnezzar, and have been influenced by their pagan superstitions.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/Shokel/980917_ShofarDemon.html (960 words)

	Cabalá (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Became Gaon of Pumbedita in 4757 (997 CE).
		Heichalot a mystical manual composed by Rabbi Yishmael describing the ascent to higher worlds and the means to achieve it.
		Sherira Gaon appointed Gaon of Pumbedita in 4728 (968 CE)
	sigloxxi.il.tripod.com.mx /mitorah/id15.html (13380 words)

	"By The Waters Of Babylon" : The Longest Diaspora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The destruction of the Second Temple (in 70 CE) strengthened the status of the Jews in Babylon, and it became, in fact, the spiritual center of the entire Jewish dispersion.
		For over a thousand years the Jews of Babylon were represented by the Resh Galuta, the Exilarch (the administrative head of the Jews in exile), and great academies of learning were created in Nehardea, Sura and Pumbedita.
		Shortly after its emergence as a capital and a heavily populated city, Baghdad gradually became the seat, first of the Exilarch, and then of the Geonim, who up till then had resided in the three centres of Jewish learning: Nehardea, Sura and Pumbedita.
	www.dangoor.com /73page34.html (675 words)

	Limmud - s34.html
		The Legend of Pumbedita - Baba Metzia 83a-87a (3 of 4)
		The authors chose this "arena" for their decisive and sophisticated battle against the supercedence of the Torah of the Land of Israel and the authority of its sages.
		The school of thought of Pumbedita brings to light the ideological and theological struggle for supremacy, including the inherent character assasinations in this battle.
	www.limmud.org /conf2001/zpages/s34.html (1952 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - JOSEPH BEN ABBA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gaon of Pumbedita for a period of two years; died in 816 (Sherira Gaon; Neubauer, "M. C." i.
		After the death of the preceding gaon (R. Abumai, or, according to Abraham ibn Daud, Aḥinai) in 814 or 822, Joseph was preferred to Mar Aaron, who, though a greater Talmudist, did not possess the former's miraculous powers.
		Please rate this article: Poor 1 2 3 4 5 Excellent
	jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=445&letter=J (181 words)

	Geonim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ḥofni, who died in 1034; the last gaon of Pumbedita was Hai, who died in 1038; hence the activity of the Geonim covers a period of nearly 450 years.
		The title of geon (also gaon) was given to the heads of the two Babylonian academies of Sura and Pumbedita, though it did not displace the title of Rosh Yeshivah ( Hebrew, head of the academy.)) The Aramaic term used was Resh metivta.
		The title geon properly designated the office of head of the academy.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Geonim.htm (1231 words)

	Geonim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(singular - Gaon) Title borne by the heads of the two large academies in Babylonia in Sura and Pumbedita, between the 6th and 11th centuries.
		A listing of the Geonim is found in "Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon" ("The Epistle of Rabbi Sherira Gaon").
		The last Gaon in Pumbedita was Rav Hai, the son of Sherira Gaon.
	www.ort.org /ort/edu/rolnik/halacha/geonim.htm (109 words)

	History in Fragments: A Genizah Centenary Exhibition
		Baboi, from the yeshiva (rabbinical institute) at Sura, to the people of the Maghreb, is one of the prime examples of the rivalry between the yeshivot of Babylon (Sura and Pumbedita) and Eretz-Israel.
		Sherira Gaon from the yeshiva (rabbinical institute) of Pumbedita to Nehemiah b.
		In this letter Hai Gaon writes to the head of the Babylonian community in Fustat, instructing him to resume his position as a cantor and judge.
	www.lib.cam.ac.uk /Taylor-Schechter/exhibition.html (4995 words)

	pesachim32
		Based on this sugya, we understand the position of the elders of Pumbedita, who insisted that Yisrael is never mentioned regarding Shabbat.
		However, our gemara quoted another opinion, that of Rava, which legitimizes the format of "mekadesh Yisrael ve-haShabbat" within the context of tefilla, due to its public character.
		However, even if we interpret Rava as a dissenting opinion, the conclusion of our gemara, which adopted the position of the elders of Pumbedita is consistent with that gemara (Berakhot).
	www.vbm-torah.org /archive/pesachim59/pesachim32.htm (2019 words)

	Rav-SIG: Online Journal > Descent from King David -- Part II
		This was an early responsum by the head of the Talmudic Academy of Pumbedita in Babylonia.
		The second part of the Letter discusses the exilarchs and the heads of the academies in Sura and Pumbedita.
		Rabbi Sherira attempts to distinguish between facts and stories and presents an early post-biblical history written largely in Aramaic.
	www.jewishgen.org /Rabbinic/journal/descent_part2.htm (2445 words)

	The Rules of Halacha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Following the Savoraim came the period of the Geonim, which lasted until the death of Rav Hai Gaon in 4798 (1038 CE).
		They headed the great academies of Sura and Pumbedita in Babylonia, which had been founded in Talmudic times, and were accepted as centers of authority in all matters of Torah law.
		The decisions of the Geonim were based on traditions from the masters of the Talmud, and were almost universally accepted.
	www.aish.com /literacy/concepts/The_Rules_of_Halacha.asp (3343 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)