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Topic: Punan

	Punan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Punan, also known as Punan Bah is a distinct ethnic from the Penan.
		Punan is believed to be one of the earliest peoples to have settled in the central part of Borneo [Rejang and Balui area].
		Punan population is estimated to be around 3000 - 5000 in year 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punan (231 words)

	Pagan Tribes of Borneo By Charles Hose and William McDougall (1912)- Chapter 20 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT ...
		The greenish tinge may be noticed in all nomad Punans, and it is possible that the ruddier darker tint of the agricultural peoples is largely or wholly due to their greater exposure to the sun; for the Punan fears the broad daylight and rarely or never leaves the deep shade of the jungle.
		That the Punans will not allow the slaying of any one of their number to go unavenged on the person of the slayer is well known to all the people of the country, and this knowledge does much to give them immunity from attack.
		It seems probable that the Punans in each region have absorbed some of their religious and superstitious notions from the settled tribes of the same region; for in each region the Punan beliefs are different, showing more or less affinity to those of the settled tribes.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/paganborneo/chapter20.html (4200 words)

	Temiar.com
		One of the earliest writers to discuss punan, Evans, assumed that 'spirits or supernatural beings' were involved in attacking humans, who contravened punan rules, a view he continued to suggest after hearing from the people he was studying that this was not the case (1923: 239).
		Punan is either both, or is outside the cause and effect dichotomy altogether, as the concept of 'danger'.
		Punan is also suggested as being life threatening; some people, even though all their bodily wants are satisfied, are so depressed that they commit suicide.
	www.temiar.com /punan.html (10349 words)

	Borneo Dissertation Bibliography display full record page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Their existence as hunters and gatherers, along with the inordinate simplicity of their material culture have led many observers to regard the Punan as dwindling remnants of a presumed aboriginal population, historically antecedent and culturally distinct from the surrounding sedentary agricultural peoples of Borneo.
		The present study is the result of a comprehensive ethnographic survey conducted among several Punan groups in eastern and central Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) between August and November.
		It is suggested in conclusion that the 'Punan' of Borneo are in fact an ethnically diverse assortment of peoples, that they derive originally from various sedentary agricultural groups, and that their nomadic hunting and gathering way of life is a relatively recent 're-adaptation' that revolves essentially around the collection of forest products for trade.
	www2.library.unr.edu /dataworks/borneo/searchfull.asp?p_ID=106 (331 words)

	Middle East Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Not surprisingly, many of the Punan's dreams are dashed on arrival in the big city, however, the scientists say that even basics like food, health and quality of life also turn out to be much worse in town than the forest.
		With many Punan - who traditionally stretch their earlobes with heavy brass or gold piercings - now settled in villages, they are more prone to outbreaks of disease than in the past when nomadic lifestyles kept them isolated.
		For more than two-thirds of Punan questioned by Dounias and his team of ethnologists, access to healthcare is reason enough to pack their meager belongings into a dugout canoe and paddle down river to the nearest city.
	www.metimes.com /articles/normal.php?StoryID=20050505-082243-9205r (802 words)

	Through Central Borneo By Carl Lumholtz- Chapter 7 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut
		They began at once to put up a shed similar to those of the Dayaks, but usually their shelters for the night are of the rudest fashion, and as they have only the scantiest of clothing they then cover themselves with mats made from the leaves of the fan-palm.
		According to the raja, there are two kinds of Punans here, and his statement seems to be borne out by the variations in their physical appearance.
		They are expert regarding the manufacture of the sumpitan (blow-pipe), and are renowned for their skill in using this weapon and can make the poisonous darts as well as the bamboo caskets in which these are carried.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/travel/borneo/chapter7.html (2365 words)

	The Punan\| Java Bali Indonesia - Indo-holidays.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Wizards in jungle craft and masters of the terrain, the Punans don't eat rice but live off fruit and wild berries, hunt game with blowpipes (when they fire a dart, they don't miss), and even use packs of hunting dogs to kill wild boar.
		getting there: Punans are found upriver from Berau and Balungan in the hinterlands of the Tabang subdistrict and on the Kayan from Tarakan in Peso and Lesan subdistricts; in Longpalay, Longbanuium, Longsuku, Berau District, they number about 500.
		Punans also inhabit the areas west of Longkemuat, Longbenato, Longpeliran and in Batumesjid, Muara Ancalong Subdistrict, numbering in all about 2000.
	www.indo-holidays.com /bali45/thepunan.htm (292 words)

	APFT Pilot report - English - A - POPULATIONS
		However, the term Penan, or Punan, is conveniently used to refer more generally to mobile populations of inland Borneo or their descendants.
		Penan or Punan are the terms used by farming populations (especially in Sarawak) to refer to nomads.
		Several groups, scattered throughout Sarawak and Kalimantan, are not called Punan, but are occasionally referred to as such because they are descendants of nomads who have settled down in the last 40 years.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Sonja/RF/Ukpr/Report114.htm (685 words)

	Oceania: Reviews -- Nomads of the Borneo Rainforest. The Economics, Politics and Ideology of Settling Down by Bernard ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Kereho have, however, maintained a fundamentally egalitarian society which is relatively untouched by the hierarchical social structure of their former neighbours, the Seputan, despite their eager acceptance of elements of material culture such as tobacco and dugout canoes.
		While the contemporary Punan have acquiesced to some degree in the process of sedentarization, in Sellato's view they prefer the nomadic life and have chosen to combine a mixed economy incorporating commercial collection.
		They have resisted becoming farmers, and the farmers themselves realize the deleterious consequences of the Punan becoming like themselves: the conversion of Punan to a full rice economy is not in the interests of either party.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3654/is_199509/ai_n8726069 (1282 words)

	Borneo´s ancient jungles offer new insight into modern life: it sucks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With many Punan -- who traditionally stretch their earlobes with heavy brass or gold piercings -- now settled in villages, they are more prone to outbreaks of disease than in the past when nomadic lifestyles kept them isolated.
		Robbed of the rich resources of their forest environment, the diet of many Punan also suffers, with their choice of varied bushmeats, fruits and nutritious roots replaced by a limited diet of rice and low-quality meats.
		In an effort to encourage the Punan to stay put, the Centre for International Forestry Research is working with local authorities and medical groups including Medecins du Monde to take medical help to remote villages.
	100777.com /node/1259/print (809 words)

	Orang Ulu Handicraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Punan Bah-Biau are found in Central Sarawak, around Merit on the Rejang River.
		The Punan-Nibong have settled in the Upper Baram and Balui Rivers and the Nibong branch of the Lobong River, a tributary of the Tinjar River.
		The Punan were nomadic hunter-gatherers who roamed the rainforest hunting wild boar and deer with blowpipes and foraged for wild sago, fruits, roots and plants.
	www.sarawakhandicraft.com /mainfiles/overviewfiles/orangulu.html (979 words)

	Ethnologue: Malaysia, Sarawak
		PUNAN BAH-BIAU [PNA] 450 (1981 Wurm and Hattori).
		Distinct from Punan Batu 2, a dialect of Sajau Basap in Kalimantan.
		Distinct from the Punan Ukit dialect of Bukitan.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/MalS.html (1600 words)

	TE - Book View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is not to say that all members of the Punan tribe are the epitome of the legendary wild men of Borneo.
		The Punan that we hoped to meet were those about who occasional rumours (but nothing more) are still transmitted to remote villages by hunters who have ventured far enough into the apparently uninhabited wilderness.
		It seems that even today there are bands of nomadic Punan who live entirely self-sufficient lives: sleeping, it is said, under lean-tos of leaves, running when they smell approaching men and leaving no trail of their passage.
	www.eye-books.com /te_bookView.asp?ID_=1 (742 words)

	The Nature Conservancy - Save of the Week: Adopt an Acre® program initiated in Asia
		The Punan Dayak have traditionally been forest nomads, totally dependent on the jungle and nearby rivers to supply all of their needs.
		The Punan philosophy of viewing the forests as a sacred place that nourishes and supports them has been perhaps the only reason that the Kelay watershed has not yet been ravaged by illegal logging.
		Yet their economy is rapidly changing from one based on barter to cash, and the need to obtain cash for medicine and other goods will increase the chance that they participate in illegal logging in the future.
	nature.org /success/art14471.html (716 words)

	Indigenous People of Kalimantan and Their Marginalization
		There are similarities among the Dayak, except that the Punan have been wanderers, in terms of residing in longhouses, the use of knives and blowpipes, the production of rattan basketry, the use of ceramics in rituals, shifting cultivation, and the performance of dance in rituals (Ukur, 1991; Widjono, 1998).
		Among the Punan Dayak, as we have seen, hunting and gathering are the main economic activities, except for the settled Punan who grow rice (Lebar, 1972:178).
		Hoffman points out that the settled Punan are economically comparable in their use of swidden to other Dayak (1988:96).
	www.adbi.org /discussion-paper/2005/02/21/893.forestry.sector.indonesia/indigenous.people.of.kalimantan.and.their.marginalization (5202 words)

	Reseource use, culture and change: the meaning and value in economic practices among the Punan Malinau. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The project is a study of a group of hunters-gatherers and horticulturalists in transition - the Punan Malinau of Indonesian Borneo.
		The project therefore also aspires to throw some light on the complex history and diverse identity of the Punan in general and their role in past and present systems of regional exchange.
		Kaskija, Lars (1998), The Punan of Borneo: Cultural Fluidity and Persistency in a Forest People, in: A. Hornborg and M. Kurkiala (eds.), Voices of the Land: Identity and Ecology in the Margins.
	info.uu.se /develop.nsf/90705836f4350117c12568a300452944/eb37eb8e5ebde88cc125695a004645a6?OpenDocument (239 words)

	WELCOMETO EAST KALIMANTAN, THE INDONESIA TOURISM
		The tribes are collectively called Dayak, although this name is not embraced by many tribes-people themselves, who prefer to be known by separate tribal names such as Iban, Punan and Banuaq.
		The Punan, however, are nomadic hunter-gatheres, who still move around the jungles and only use the longhouse at the height of the rainy season.
		Steeped in tradition, the interior of the longhouse is typically divided into separate family quarters with a communal area connecting each of the quarters and therefore each of the families.
	www.indonesia-tourism.com /east-kalimantan/history.html (414 words)

	NTM News: Punans seek opportunities
		"The Punans have relatives in both these areas and are concerned that they know about 'the true life in Christ,'" wrote NTM missionary David Searcy, who ministers to the Punans.
		However, Naha Tivap is a three-day hike for the Punans from Tanjung Lokang village -- that's a seven-day hike for Westerners, David noted -- and the people of Naha Tivap speak a different dialect of Punan.
		The distance means that any Punans who minister there would have to return to such a lifestyle, "foregoing the many 'modern' conveniences and foods they now take for granted," David wrote.
	www.ntm.org /news/news_details.php?news_id=96 (365 words)

	A Punan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A fellow would guide me for a day or two, then pass me on to someone else who was going the way I wanted to go.
		This gentleman is a Punan, one of the smaller tribes in Sarawak.
		I traveled with Punans some of the time, with Kelabits the rest.
	www.tedpack.org /slides/bario50.html (86 words)

	[No title]
		These Punans left their nomadic families to seek their livelihood as laborers.
		While the Blair's quest is intellectual, the Punan laborers change from guides to explorers seeking their ancestry.
		How do the Punan Dyaks in the village relate to their world and their environment?
	hs.riverdale.k12.or.us /~moldani/enghist11/dreamwanders04.html (360 words)

	Mailbag
		But won't it be good for Pandits to discuss the matter first with themselves and decide to the last possible decimal what exactly they would like to speak as part of the dialogue.
		This is in total contrast to another press release issued by Punan Kashmir which "reiterates" the enviable demand for a "separate homeland." It is turning out to be a good number of "reiterations" for a minuscule community of 3 lakh odd members (seemingly not even that), some of whom have died and some dying.
		When things are hotting up on the Kashmir scene, it is interesting to note that a number of -socalled Pandit leaders (some having run out of funded financial steam and a few looking for a real sensible solution to the Kashmir issue) are resurging back to in (action).
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /01june11/mail.htm (684 words)

	IRD - Cifor
		The first surveys reveal a general trend in securing cash income, even among the most isolated Punan communities who are no longer strictly dependent on forest products for their subsistence.
		In the near future, the project will assess the impact of road building on isolated Punan communities along the Tubu river, focusing mainly on socio-cultural aspects, changes in perceptions about the environment, land tenure and modalities of access to resources.
		The project accommodates 5 Ph.D. candidates and numerous Masters' students in the fields of ecology, forestry, agronomy, agro-economy, ethno-ecology, anthropology and geography.
	www.id.ird.fr /us/activities/ScienceProgram/Ird-Cifor.htm (507 words)

	Ethnologue: Indonesia, Kalimantan
		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan'.
		PUNAN MERAP [PUC] 200 (?) (1981 Wurm and Hattori).
		PUNAN TUBU [PUJ] 2,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori).
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Indk.html (2337 words)

	Indonesia Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ LaunchBase.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Many Indonesians identify with a more specific ethnic group that is often linked to language and regional origins; examples of these are Javanese, Sundanese, or Batak.
		There are also quite different groups within many islands, such as Borneo, with its Dayak and Punan, who have different lifestyles and skintones.
		Most Indonesians speak a local language (bahasa daerah) as their first tongue, but the official national language, Indonesian (locally called Bahasa Indonesia) is almost universally taught in schools and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Indonesia (2887 words)

	Borneo's ancient jungles offer new insight into modern life: it sucks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For more than two thirds of Punan questioned by Dounias and his team of ethnologists, access to healthcare is reason enough to pack their meagre belongings into a dugout canoe and paddle down river to the nearest city.
		Their destination is Malinau, a boom town whose population has leapt from 20,000 to 50,000 in four years as migrants pour in to work in the nearby coal mines and the lucrative, and often illegal, logging industry.
		In Malinau, 1,400 kilometres (870 miles) northeast of Jakarta, residents live in houses with electricity, wear Western clothes, drive cars on recently tarred roads, talk into cellphones and, when they choose to, drink Coca-Cola.
	www.theallineed.com /news/0505/057520.htm (1043 words)

	New Page
		The Punan are one of the last hunter/gatherer societies in the world.
		Their traditional lifestyle and land claims have been the focal point of great disputes with Government and logging companies.
		The Punan are revered for their skills in jungle living by the two groups with whom we traveled - the Kenyah and Kayan.
	www.voyageurprogram.org /Borneo/Bornphotos.htm (532 words)

	The Official Flat Stanley Project
		Yesterday afternoon, me and my friend Diah and Filen met a new friend named Punan the flat doll.
		I am sure flat Punan enjoyed to see this garden.
		I will introduce Flat Punan to my student tomorrow so that they can bring her to beautiful place in Balikpapn area.
	flatstanley.enoreo.on.ca /indonesia-balikpapan.htm (124 words)

	eBay Item: 7715691485 (Ends 08-10-2005 13:18:09 MYT) - LIMITED STYLE Tribal Brass Earring Punan Sarawak Borneo
		Some of u may realize I have been revising my auction to lengthier duration as I do not want anyone to miss out on these giant tusk, thanks for taking note.
		Punan tribes here in Sarawak, Borneo wear some of the heaviest earrings any of us can imagine.
		Brass material were chosen for making these earrings because they do not rust and I can assure u a single purchase will last a lifetime.
	www.ebay.com.my /viItem?ItemId=7715691485 (310 words)

	CGIAR System-wide Program: Collective Action & Property Rights -- CGIAR Project Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The project aims at analyzing the responses of forest people to the rapid modifications of their natural and socio-economical environments, by focusing on the changing perceptions and uses of forest resources.The project also considers the interactions between the Punan's diet and health status.
		One of its key objectives is to assess the actual contribution of NTFPs to the food and health integrity of the Punan and to determine to what extent differences in access and use of NTFPs can explain the gap in health conditions between remote and peri-urban settlements.
		A comparative illustration between the Punan of Borneo and the Baka Pygmies of Cameroon.
	www.capri.cgiar.org /projects/project_020.asp (478 words)

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