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	Punch card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In that year, punched cards were made a standard size, exactly 7-3/8 inch by 3-1/4 inch (187.325 by 82.55 mm), dimensions almost identical to the large-sized notes used as U.S. currency until 1929.
		The punch cards were 7 and 3/8 inches long by 3 and 1/4 inches high and were 0.007 inch thick with one of the upper corners cut at an angle.
		Punch card based voting systems, the Votomatic system in particular, use special cards where each possible hole was pre scored, allowing perforations to be made by the voter pressing a stylus through a guide in the voting machine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punch_card (1871 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Punch card - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the first generation of computing during the 1960s and 1970s, punch cards were a primary medium for data storage and processing, but are now long obsolete outside of a few legacy systems.
		The punched card actually predates computers considerably, originating in 1801 as a control device for Jacquard looms.
		There were also cards with all the punch positions perforated so programming or data could be punched out manually, one hole at a time, with a device like a blunt pin with its wire bent into a finger-ring on the other end.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/pu/Punch_card (685 words)

	Punch card - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eventually, during the late 1970s to early 1980s, the punch card was phased out as a medium for storage of computer data and replaced by huge floppy disks.
		Image:IBM punch card duplicator Trondheim.jpg The method is quite simple: On a piece of light-weight cardboard, successive positions either have a hole punched through them or are left intact.
		This would engage a micro switch and halt the machine operation until the card was inserted properly with the corner cut on the correct side of the punch card as used in that system.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Punch_card (1873 words)

	Hollerith's Punched Cards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		practical use of punched cards for data processing is credited to the American inventor Herman Hollerith, who decided to use Jacquard's punched cards to represent the data gathered for the American census of 1890, and to read and collate this data using an automatic machine.
		Hollerith's early cards were punched with round holes, because his prototype machine employed cards with holes created using a tram conductor's ticket punch.
		However, the major disadvantage of working off-line (with both punched cards and paper tapes) was that the turn-around time to actually locate and correct any errors was horrendous.
	www.maxmon.com /punch1.htm (699 words)

	Punch Card Machines
		Some punched card machines were in use even in the 1980s as some minor part of computers.
		A punched card is a card made of special cardboard designed for punched cards.
		It was possible to recognize these lines by a punched card machine and change them as perforations to the card by using e.g.
	www.tietokonemuseo.saunalahti.fi /eng/laite_eng.htm (997 words)

	[No title]
		We remember the punch card era in the phrase "do not fold, spindle, or mutilate." The phrase, and the feelings it represents, have outlasted the technology--not to mention the billions of cards on which it was printed.
		Punch card systems are a proved means of economically producing facts and figures vital to operating a railroad intelligently, from which business records can be quickly and accurately classified and presented to the executives at the time they are needed in the form best suited to enable action.
		Punch cards were, after all, the visible part of the bureaucratic system, which held power at the university.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /slubar/fsm.html (4834 words)

	IBM Punch Cards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Programs and data were punched by hand on a key punch machine and read into a card reader.
		This is a pink "job card" (the first card in a deck), preprinted with the essentials of JCL job-card syntax.
		Punched Cards - A brief illustrated technical history, Douglas W. Jones, University of Iowa.
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/cards.html (173 words)

	ipedia.com: Punch card Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the first and second generations of computing, from the 1950s into the 1970s, punch cards were a primary medium for data storage and processing, but are now long obsolete outside of a few legacy systems.
		The punched card actually predates computers considerably, originated by Joseph Jacquard in 1801 as a control device for the Jacquard looms.
		In this "binary mode", cards could be made in which every possible punch position had a hole: these were called "lace cards." Some other computers (e.g., the IBM 700/7000 series scientific computers) "binary mode" treated every row as two 36-bit words, in columns 1-72, ignoring the last 8 columns.
	www.ipedia.com /punch_card.html (1176 words)

	The IBM 026 Key Punch
		When a card is completely punched, the previous one moves to the left position and then flips up into the output stacker (left), the current card becomes the previous card, and a new card is fed from the input hopper into the current position.
		When you released this card (or it auto-released after column 80) you quickly grabbed the mis-punched card out of the flipper as it was being stacked and threw it in the trashcan, which was invariably on the left side of the keypunch for this purpose.
		This was useful to correct a single card, or to duplicate a card that would no longer feed in the 1402 (reader/punch for the IBM 1401).
	www.columbia.edu /acis/history/punch.html (1341 words)

	The Punch Card
		The punched card input could contain the program that would tell the system what to do with the data, or could be the data itself.
		Cards were kept in trays or drawers stored in file cabinets throughout the building.
		The keypunch and punch cards gave way to directly attached data entry stations, and the punch cards were slowly phased out.
	www.state.me.us /newsletter/june01/punch_card.htm (847 words)

	Douglas W. Jones's punched card index
		The original code used for punched card data recording in the 1890 census had 22 columns with 8 punch positions each (although there was room on the card for a total of 11 punch positions per column).
		The card includes fields for both symbolic and numeric addresses, so it is probable that it was used with a rudimentary assembler that directly punched the assembled object code onto the cards holding the source code.
		Use of pre-scored punched card ballots was introduced in the 1960's, and despite problems in the 1968 general election in Detroit, where a sudden rainstorm drenched at least one load of ballots in transit from a polling place to the counting center, this format quickly grew to become the most widely used computer-based election technology.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/cards/history.html (2452 words)

	punch card tourny - PbNation
		In punch card, the object is to move your squad around the paintball field, and collect all five flags, plus all five different "punches" on a card.
		Each game, the players will have a different "punch card" to carry, as the used cards are turned in to the score keeper to tally your points.
		All punch cards must be turned in to the score keeper prior to the start of the next game.
	www.pbnation.com /showthread.php?threadid=388346 (670 words)

	IBM Punch Cards in the U.S. Army
		If a punch was encountered, the brush made electrical contact with the roller, and the chute blade routed the card into the correct pocket.
		Card jams were a mechanical nightmare requiring partial disassembly to extract mutilated cards.
		By preparing casualty punch cards, and transmitting them by air courier to The Adjutant General, MRUs made possible the notification of next of kin with unprecedented speed.
	www.pattonhq.com /ibm.html (2041 words)

	Card Inspirations snowflake punch Christmas card
		Some are punched in the same dark blue as the base card and others are punched from white card.
		Punch four jumbo snowflakes from white card and four jumbo snowflakes from blue card.
		Mount the punched jumbo snowflakes on the card using a dot of glue in the centre of the back of the snowflake.
	www.cardinspirations.co.uk /demo/punch2.htm (430 words)

	KLOTH.NET - Card punch emulator
		These perforated punch cards were used by early mainframe computers for input.
		This punch card emulator is based on the DEC 029 input character set, which maps the IBM 029 character set to the common 6bit upper-case-only subset of ASCII.
		This emulator is based on the punch code definitions found documented in the article Punched Card Codes by Douglas W. Jones, describing several codes from the Hollerith aera to EBCDIC, and also based on own experiences back in 1986, when I punched my PASCAL/FORTRAN/COBOL programs on a IBM-029 cardpunch for a SPERRY-UNIVAC 1100/80.
	www.kloth.net /services/cardpunch.php (181 words)

	The punch-card system
		Prisoners were identified by cards, each with columns and punched holes detailing nationality, date of birth, marital status, number of children, reason for incarceration, physical characteristics and work skills.
		As the trains and trucks full of prisoners rolled into Belsen from Belgium, France and Holland, thousands of punch cards were processed and the information fed back to the SS department of statistics.
		Cheim never understood where the punch card system came from, but after the war - having survived Belsen - he saw a punch card in a shop and felt the need to write a record of what he had witnessed in the camp.
	www.triangles-roses.org /punch_card_system.htm (601 words)

	Punch card (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		be available in the six punch- card counties advising voters...
		alleged that the punch card system was responsible...
		Others who have used the system for years without the slightest problem cannot understand how it could be such a issue.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Punch_card (1709 words)

	Vote: The Machinery of Democracy
		The Coyle was the first voting machine to turn a punch card into a ballot.
		Candidates and referendum issues are printed directly on the card, and are keyed to pre-scored holes on the card margin to be punched by the voter.
		The voter rolls the ballot into the machine for inspection and punching under a large magnifying lens.
	americanhistory.si.edu /vote/punchcard.html (493 words)

	Douglas W. Jones's punched card index
		Punched cards were, in the 1960's the universal symbol of computing, and even in the 1930's, they were a symbol of modernity.
		Today, cards are all but forgotten, surviving in a few applicatons such as turnpike toll receipts and automatic voting systems.
		There were multiple mappings between the 12 holes of one card column and the character sets of various machines and keypunches.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~jones/cards (326 words)

	Punchcards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Punchcard systems employ a card (or cards) and a small clipboard-sized device for recording votes.
		Voters punch holes in the cards (with a supplied punch device) opposite their candidate or ballot issue choice.
		With the Votomatic card, the locations at which holes may be punched to indicate votes are each assigned numbers.
	www.fec.gov /pages/punchrd.htm (295 words)

	Riser Card Punch
		A card punch is a small device for indectably marking playing cards so that they can be identified or located by touch only.
		The card punches I make are for magicians to use to help them create "miracles" for their audiences.
		The card punch enables a magician to concentrate on the presentation without needing to look at the cards during the performance.
	www.jamesriser.com /Magic/SmCardPunch/RiserPunch.html (459 words)

	Punch card at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The punch card (or "Hollerith" card) is a medium for holding information for use by automated data processing machines.
		In this "binary mode", cards could be made in which every possible punch position had a hole: these were called "lace cards."
		This technical problem actually influenced the 2000 U.S. presidential election; in the state of Florida, voting machines which used punched cards to tabulate votes generated improperly rendered records of several hundred votes, spread out over an entire state, which tipped the vote in favor of George H. Bush over Albert Gore, thus influencing history.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Punch_card.html (1157 words)

	Card Inspirations Super Punch card
		A dark red deckle edge card has four squares of pearlescent card arranged in the centre.
		Punch four squares from pearlescent cream card with a Scalloped Square Super Punch.
		Mount the four decorated card squares on the red greetings card with adhesive using the illustration as a guide.
	www.cardinspirations-usa.com /demo/punch03.htm (537 words)

	Card Inspirations punch card demo 1
		A card with a snowflake design punched three times and backed with hologram paper.
		Punch three snowflake holes down the right hand side of the front fold of the card.
		Position the snowflakes inside the card by using the front fold as a position guide and applying them through the holes.
	www.cardinspirations-usa.com /demo/punch1.htm (237 words)

	80-column punched card
		The 8 zone punch was used with non-zone punches 3 to 5 and 7 and in addition five extraordinary punch combinations were used, shown on the right.
		There is a tale behind this: when the 029 card punch was designed at IBM it could punch in a single step all combinations of an X, Y or 0 punch with any digit punch or the digit punch 8 plus the digit punches 2 to 7.
		The translation to card code is based on what IBM used for its translation, however only a limited number of symbols is actually used in the card codes.
	homepages.cwi.nl /~dik/english/codes/80col.html (1971 words)

	Punch Card Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is largely due to these secondary applications that the following punch cards have survived into the present.
		These cards were sold at the main office of the Andrew R. Jennings Computing Center of the Case Institute of Technology, and a generation punched their first programs onto them, usually written in Algol for the Case UNIVAC 1107.
		Here's an example I punched in 1972 on a 1930's vintage Remington Rand keypunch while I was employed at Vickers division of Sperry Rand in Troy, Michigan, in the United States.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/univac/cards.html (479 words)

	Card-It Business Card Presentation - Business Stationery
		We exchange cards with our customers and prospects, we keep cards from our vendors and suppliers, and we attach them to all sorts of marketing materials and business correspondence.
		Business cards are stapled to letters, stuck onto sales literature with double back tape, paper clipped to a bound proposal, or merely tossed loosely into an envelope.
		Stapling a card makes it hard to remove, tape or that sticky stuff leaves a residue on both the card and the document, paper clips are truly unprofessional, and a loose card suggests an after thought.
	www.card-it.com (224 words)

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