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	PUNJAB - LoveToKnow Article on PUNJAB
		the Phulkian states of Patiala, Jind and Nabha and the Sikh state of Kapurthala, occupying the centre of the eastern plains; the Mahommedan state of Bahawalpur between the Sutlej and the Rajputana desert; and the hill states, among the Punjab Himalayas held by ancient Rajput families, including Chamba, Mandi, Suket, Sirmur and the Simla states.
		The Punjab enjoys two well-marked seasons of rainfall; the monsoon period, lasting from the middle of June till the end of September, on which the autumn crops and spring sowings depend; and the winter rains, which fall early in January, and though often insignificant in amount materially affect the prosperity of the spring harvest.
		The principal reserved forests are the deodar (Cedrus Deodara) and chil (P-inus Ion gifolia) tracts in the hills, the plantations of shisham (Dalbergia Sissu) and sal (Shorea robusta) in the plains, and the fuel rakhs or preserves (Acacia, Prosopis, andc.).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PU/PUNJAB.htm (6394 words)

	Punjab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Punjab region, an area of South Asia shared by India and Pakistan
		Punjab Hill States, an administrative unit of British India
		Patiala and East Punjab States Union, a former state of India
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjab (160 words)

	Punjab Hill States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Punjab Hill States Agency was an administrative unit of British India.
		The states came under British suzerainty after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, and were known as the Simla Hill States.
		They later came under the authority of the British province of Punjab, with the exception of Tehri-Garhwal, which was under the authority of the United Provinces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjab_Hill_States_Agency (196 words)

	AllRefer.com - Punjab : History, India (Indian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The numerous Punjab hill states were merged into the union territory of Himachal Pradesh (now a state), other princely states were formed into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union, and the remaining area became the Indian state of East Punjab.
		In 1956, however, the state of East Punjab and the union territory of Patiala and East Punjab States Union were merged to form the state of Punjab.
		Punjab is governed by a chief minister and cabinet responsible to a bicameral legislature with one elected house and by a governor appointed by the president of India.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Punjab-history.html (496 words)

	Punjab. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The five rivers that give Punjab its name, the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Sutlej, and the Beas, merge to form the Panjnad, which flows into the Indus.
		Except in the north, where there are forested mountains yielding salt and coal, the Punjab is a level alluvial plain.
		The Punjab was occupied by Alexander the Great and then by the Maurya empire.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pu/Punjab.html (619 words)

	Tourism of India - States of India - North India - Punjab
		Punjab, the chief wheat producing area of the country, and predominantly an agricultural state, is the overland entry point into India.
		Punjab was the part of India that suffered the most destruction and damage at the time of partition, yet today it is far and away the most affluent state in India, the result of sheer hard work.
		The capital of the erstwhile princely state of Patiala, the city is said to have been founded in 1756 by Baba Ala Singh.
	www.tourismofindia.com /sts/stpunjab.htm (473 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News
		The Punjab Finance Minister, Mr Surinder Singla, who attended the meeting, confirming that the issue of services tax was raised, he strongly argued that the collection of services tax on telecom services in Punjab should be with the state government.
		Hill states should be helped but not at the cost of other states.
		Punjab has asked the Union Government to compensate at least for three years the revenue loss to be suffered by it because of the enforcing of VAT at the initial stage.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040802/main5.htm (666 words)

	PUNJAB - Online Information article about PUNJAB
		The Punjab may be divided into four great natural divisions: the Himalayan tract, the submontane tract, the eastern and Natural western plains and the Salt range tract, which have Nivisions.
		clan, belong to a tract of the lower hills between the Chenab and the Ravi.
		By this treaty the Jullundur Doab and the hill district of Kangra were ceded to the British, also the possessions of the maharaja on the left bank of the Sutlej.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PUNJAB.html (5807 words)

	Daily Excelsior... Editorial
		The disquiet State with 14 districts is predominantly rural.
		Compelled by this problem both these States had to contract secret treaties of friendship with the neighbouring States in order to strengthen their position in case of out break of war on the problem of Kiur, Bhilai, Jhond etc. which were situated on the border of these two States.
		The Rajas of these States had a standing forces of their guards but the army was composed of tribal levies consisting of all the young men able to hold arms.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /00dec11/edit.htm (5865 words)

	Within the Zanana
		Some states even had movable enclosures on a grand scale and in Rewa there were two magnificent elephant-drawn chariots: one for the mardana, the other for the zanana, each of which could accommodate over a hundred spectators.
		Many of the states - most notably the Rajputana states of Kishengarh, Bundi and Kotah and the Punjab hill states - had their own long-established schools of art patronised and encouraged by their rulers, whose palace walls were richly decorated with wall-hangings, frescoes and miniatures portraying both religious and secular scenes.
		In every state a distinction was drawn between personal jewelry, bought by rulers out of their privy purses and state jewelry, which usually took the form of ancient family heirlooms and regalia going back in some cases many hundreds of years.
	heritagehotels.com /ektharaja/withinthezanana.htm (1933 words)

	Painting in the Punjab Plains from 1847 to 1947
		All this apart from A.R. Chugtai's assertion that considerable part of Punjab Pahari art in the late 19th and early 20th century was also produced in the plains and that the paintings procured from the hill states were done in the artists' free time and not due to the patronage of the hill rajas.
		They were still totally oblivious to the art activity in the Punjab, which had received the influences from the Bengal school as well as from Guler and Kangra schools of the hill states.
		She managed to work up an enthusiasm for painting in various women's colleges of the Punjab so that the education of Fine Arts in the province became a formal affair, which was conducted in an organized manner with the teaching of history of art as well as drawing and painting.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /022005/hasan.htm (3350 words)

	India-States Punjab
		And today, this is one of most developed states in India and the contribution of Punjab in the field of "green revolution", industrial development, sports and armed forces has been unique and unparalleled.
		Punjab is dotted with places of historical cultural interest.
		It is the capital of both Punjab and Harayana.
	www.indiatravelite.com /states/punjab.htm (203 words)

	SIKH DEMANDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The states of Alwar and Bharatpur were within the area of the Eastern command, and there, state troops were employed in these ghastly massacres in conjunction with armed Hindu mobs who were allowed to kill and multilate Muslim men, women and children.
		In central Punjab, which was the epicenter of these disturbances, systematic attacks by Sikh jats started towards the end of July and rapidly increased in frequency and intensity until by August 15 the whole area was ablaze”.
		In this “New Punjab” the centre’s interference would be restricted to foreign relations, defense, currency and communication and all other subjects would be in the jurisdiction of the Punjab, which would be fully entitled to frame its own laws on these subjects for administration.
	www.punjabheritage.com /sikh_demands.htm (5638 words)

	Punjab
		Muslims occupied W Punjab by the 8th century and firmly implanted Islam.
		By the early 19th century their territorial aggrandizement brought conflict with the British, who emerged victorious in the two Sikh Wars (1846, 1849) and in 1849 annexed most of the Punjab and made it a province, though some of the princely states were retained.
		The western portion became the Pakistan province of West Punjab (renamed simply Punjab in 1949) with its capital at Lahore.
	www.paradisepath.com /punjab.htm (582 words)

	History of Himachal Pradesh Police
		It was constituted by integrating the princely States of Chamba, Mandi, Suket, Sirmaur and 26 smaller states known as the Punjab Hill States.
		The Rulers of Punjab Hill States, with the exception of Sirmaur and Bilaspur, realized the advantage of establishing a common system of Policing in their States.
		The Police Administration in the State was headed by an Inspector General of Police who was also Inspector General of Police for Union Territories of Delhi and Ajmer.
	hppolice.nic.in /hist.htm (952 words)

	Punjab massacres - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Punjab massacres
		The eastern section became an Indian state, while the western area, dominated by the Muslims, went to Pakistan.
		Violence occurred as Muslims fled from eastern Punjab, and Hindus and Sikhs moved from Pakistan to India.
		Punjab, Afghan Border States, Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Punjab+massacres (126 words)

	Art of Legend India: Know India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hill stations in the Himalayan region, such as Darjeeling and Simla, record the lowest temperatures, with annual averages of between about 54° and 57°F (12° and 14°C).
		Thus, they are guaranteed seats in the national and state parliaments, at least in proportion to their 15 percent of the population, as well as minimum quotas for placement in universities and government, and various other benefits.
		Sikhs, with 2.6 percent of the population, are predominant in the state of Punjab.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /library/knowindia (10962 words)

	Punjab on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		PUNJAB [Punjab] [Pers.,=five rivers], historic region in the NW of the Indian subcontinent.
		The region, situated athwart the main approaches to the Indian subcontinent, formed one of the centers of the prehistoric Indus valley civilization, and after c.1500 BC it was the site of the earliest Aryan settlements.
		Specialization and diversification in agricultural transformation: the case of West Punjab, 1903-92.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Punjab.asp (831 words)

	Arunachal Pradesh - India travel & tourism information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Arunachal shares borderlines with China (Tibet) in the north, Myanmar (Burma) in the east, Bhutan in the west and the states of Nagaland and Assam in the south.
		Almost 80 per cent of the state is under forest cover, which varies from the sub-tropical to the alpine in the upper regions of the northwest, where it is bordered by the Himalayan ranges.
		Strung out along the misty hill tops and deep valleys, its picturesque townships and villages are the first in the land to be kissed by the rays of the morning sun giving Arunachal its unique position as literally "the land of the rising sun."
	arunachal-pradesh.bharatheritage.in (795 words)

	Rajasthan - India travel & tourism information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The state is diagonally divided into the hilly and rugged south eastern region and the barren north western Thar desert which extends across the border into Pakistan.
		Jodhpur, on the edge of the desert was once the capital of the state of Marwar.
		Dominating the city is the hilltop fort of Mehrangarh with a magnificent view of the Umaid Bhawan Palace, built of golden sandstone in the early part of this century.
	www.bharatheritage.in /rajasthan (532 words)

	Punjab Online: Culture of Punjab
		They were called Thavi in the Pahari areas of Punjab Himalayas and in the Punjab plains they were known as Kasera, Thathera or Kaser.
		The metal-workers of Amritsar are known for their skill in various forms of casting, soldering, methods of decoration such as repousse, pierced work, chasing, engraving, etc. Metal pots and other utensils are used by the housewife in her kitchen.
		It may be noted here that the word'Chitera' means a painter; the term is commonly used in this sense in the erstwhile Hill states of the Punjab Himalaya, now incorporated in Himachal Pradesh.
	www.punjabonline.com /servlet/library.culture?P=7 (436 words)

	Punjab: History
		(1846, 1849) and in 1849 annexed most of the Punjab and made it a province, though some of the princely states were retained.
		In 1956, however, the state of East Punjab and the union territory of
		were merged to form the state of Punjab.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0860588.html (377 words)

	Dalhousie.net - Chamba State Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		From the 6th century AD to 1947, it was ruled by a single Rajput dynasty, and it was a princely hill state in the Punjab Hill States.
		The Chamba state signed a convention with British India in which the British India stamps with overprint of Chamba State were printed.
		Certain other states had their own stamps, but they were valid only in their own states.
	www.dalhousie.net /chambastamps.htm (184 words)

	Panjabi Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Since the division of Punjab in 1947 the Gurmukhi script is now most commonly used in East Punjab
		Punjab but this script has seen its last days and is now almost completely out of use.
		the Punjab province of Pakistan and is not taught at school level nor is it used
	www.mahapunjab.org /panjabi (952 words)

	Dr. M. K. Teng: NORTHERN FRONTIERS - Last Bastion of Indian Defence
		Jammu and Kashmir was saved by the Hindu elements of the Dogra army, of which the Muslim ranks had deserted to join the invading hordes, and the over cautious army command of Pakistan, which sought to spread into the state without giving India a cause to react in concern.
		In 1950, only one year after the cease-fire, the Indian leaders handed over the rest of the state to the Muslims of Kashmir in perpetual possession by virtue of Article 370.
		Once it is washed away, the northern borders of India, brought down to the planes in the Punjab and the Himalayan foothills in the east, will, pave the way for the expansion of the Muslim power of Pakistan south and east and the expansion of China, into the Valley of Assam and Arnuchal Pradesh.
	www.kashmir-information.com /MKTeng/art1.html (957 words)

	India
		Nanda, B.R. "The Kushana State: A Preliminary Study." Pages 251-74 in Henri J. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, eds., The Study of the State.
		From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid-First Millennium B.C. in the Ganga Valley.
		The Age Distribution of the Indian Population: A Reconstruction for the States and Territories, 1881-1961.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/india/in_bibl.html (9246 words)

	Punjab
		Quietly, the Chak had grown into a poverty free, self sufficient and a progressive State within the Mughal State of India.
		This fort was built to prevent any attack from the side of the hill State of Bilaspur.
		Sri Anandpur Sahib is the mainstay from where the stormy defence was put up to maintain liberty from the prejudiced slavery of the Mughals and their tributory chiefs of the surrounding hills.
	www.ashextourism.com /Punjab/anandpursahib.htm (948 words)

	books indian rare reprint historyofpanjabhillstates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The chapters in these volumes first appeared as separate papers in the Journal of the Punjab Historicla society as a contribution to the history of the Western Himalayas, and the author's desire to acknowledge the courtesy of that society in granting permission for their republication.
		Appendix 4:- Land revenues of the Punjab hill states under Sikh rule.
		Appendix 7:- Death ceremonies of the hill Rajas.
	www.lppindia.com /htm/8175361557.htm (245 words)

	Punjabi.net discussions chat forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Chibh States of Bhimbar and Khari-kariyali were situated in the outer hills between the Chinab and the Jhelum, south of Rajauri and Punch.
		According to the imperial gazetter of India (1908-1931)' the hills of Kangra proper have formed for many centuries, the dominion of numerous petty princes, all of whom traced their ancestory from ancient katoch (rajput) kings of Jullunder.
		But one must reconcile that the hill rajputs were driven into the hills as part of guerilla tactic against the muslim rulers who dominated the plains.
	www.punjabi.net /talk/messages/3/33948.html?1117638578 (6277 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Books
		In this book, 45 princely families of the Punjab Hill States, the Shimla Hill States and a number of families whose former states and estates are now within the territorial limits of the present state of Himachal Pradesh are included.
		These were granted salutes of 11 guns (Bushahr had nine) and their rulers were accorded the style of "His Highness".
		Some of the sovereign states were also feudatories of their neighbours.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040829/spectrum/book4.htm (538 words)

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