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Topic: Punjab insurgency

	Punjab insurgency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The insurgency in the Indian state of Punjab originated in the late 1970s.
		Punjab saw increase on prosperity because of the Green Revolution.
		The insurgency all but disappeared during the early 1990's because of the crackdown by the police and the general abadonment of the insurgent's cause by the Punjab populace.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Punjab_insurgency (1111 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Operation Blue Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the 3rd of June, a 36 hour curfew (An order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited) was imposed on the state of Punjab which increased the apprehensiveness of the militants inside the temple that a raid on the temple was imminent.
		In Punjab, ISI activities focussed on the creation of a separate Sikh state, Khalistan (additional info and facts about Khalistan), the "Land of the Pure" in Punjabi, in contrast to Pakistan that stands for the "Land of the Pure" in Urdu.
		In the Punjab as a whole, about 150,000 to 200,000 soldiers were used to flush out "terrorists".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/op/operation_blue_star.htm (2031 words)

	Sikh Nation
		Punjab is a northern state in India, bordering Pakistan.
		During the partition of India in 1947, Punjab was split between the two countries.
		Since from 1980s Punjab is experiencing an insurgency aiming at reworking the Center-State relationship to procure greater autonomy for Punjab.
	sikhnation.net (453 words)

	Et tu NHRC?
		A telegram by HS Tohra, president of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC), to Justice Kuldip Singh of the Supreme Court, complaining of Khalra's abduction by the police, was treated by the court as a writ of habeas corpus.
		It is not possible for the state of Punjab to claim that it was not involved in their death and subsequent illegal cremation, labelling persons whose identities were well known to the police as unidentified/unclaimed.
		The Punjab disappearances case is a unique opportunity for the nation's judiciary to begin the process of restoring the imbalances that vitiate justice.
	www.panjab.org.uk /english/punjust.htm (3481 words)

	Evidence of extra-judicial killings in Punjab... Part VI
		From the very beginning of my researches in Punjab, I have been meeting important officers of the government, politicians, and journalists who privately admit that extrajudicial executions had become necessary in the situation that obtained in Punjab.
		These standards of police work, which had been evolved in Punjab, were given short shrift by the team of officers responsible for anti-terrorist operations who had the aptitude for drama, but little training, inclination or the compulsion to do the dog’s work.
		Punjab at the beginning of the insurgency became a stage for their vainglory.
	www.sikhnet.com /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/0/CA71AEA6A475CE7F87256B570077A17D!OpenDocument (2122 words)

	RIC Query - India (2 August 2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While the Sikh insurgency that wracked India's northwestern Punjab state in the 1980s and early 1990s has long faded, fallout from the conflict has continued, as human rights activists and relatives of victims who are seeking justice for past abuses have been harassed, detained, and falsely accused of crimes.
		Punjab police have also arrested an eyewitness to the 1995 disappearance of a human rights activist three times on what observers say appear to be bogus charges.
		One of Punjab's best-known petitioners for justice, Paramjit Kaur Khalra, the widow of Jaswant Singh Khalra, the activist who disappeared in 1995, told reporters in 2001 that police were harassing her and her family and seemed to be tapping her phone (TRIBUNE 9 Mar 2001).
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/IND02001.htm (2725 words)

	The Article
		Punjab has, in the last 15 years, moved miles ahead in the direction of peace, prosperity, and harmony.
		However, the wave of terror in Punjab was masterminded by ISI during the reign of Zia-ul Haq.
		There is an attempt to revive insurgency in Punjab at the behest of the ISI to dismember India - not for the benefit of Sikhs but Islamist fundamentalists.
	www.anandpursahib.org /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/3d8d6eacce83bad8872564280070c2b3/754605c0be0aa1ba87257023003612b0!OpenDocument (1339 words)

	1993 Human Rights Report: INDIA
		The claim of Indian human rights groups that Punjab police were engaged in a systematic campaign to liquidate militants and their supporters is borne out by data showing a high ratio of militant to security force casualties.
		Punjab Police Chief K.P.S. Gill told journalists on July 22 that "the purpose of having such teams has been to trace, identify, and kill top militants." Gill added that Punjab police teams were stationed in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, West Bengal, Bihar, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh.
		This problem is particularly acute in Punjab, where there was a sharp rise in reported disappearances as the police sought to eliminate militants and their supporters.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_sasia/India.html (12119 words)

	India, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pakistan's criminal folly in Kashmir: the drama of accession and rescue of Ladakh.
		Sikhs--Politics and Government--Chronology - Akalis--History--Chronology - Punjab (India)--Politics and Government--Chronology - India--History--Golden Temple (Amritsar) Assault, 1984.
		Punjab in prosperity and violence: administration, politics, and social change, 1947-1997.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/india.htm (1040 words)

	RIC Query - India (4 September 2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Human rights activists in Punjab no longer face the often severe repression that was common during the Sikh separatist insurgency in the 1980s and early 1990s, though they are at times subjected to intimidation and harassment.
		Another activist who has felt the ire of Punjab authorities is Vineeta Gupta, a medical doctor who was illegally detained and had her private clinic raided in 2001, apparently because of her opposition to the closure of a hospital (AI 20 Jan 2003).
		Several Punjab rights groups have also complained that members of the official Punjab Human Rights Commission, established under India's Human Rights Act which requests that each state form a human rights commission, lack the deep human rights background that is required of them by the Act (U.S. DOS 31 Mar 2003).
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/IND03006.htm (1422 words)

	A Judicial Blackout: Judicial Impunity for Disappearances in Punjab, India
		Police responded to admitted writs with several types of claims: that the detention never occurred, that the disappeared had absconded and was a proclaimed offender, that he was killed in an encounter, that terrorists had kidnapped and killed the disappeared, or that he had escaped after going for recovery of weapons.
		Punjab, the police wrote: “Photographs were arranged but could not be enlarged as the negatives were found defective due to some technical defect in the Camra [sic], as stated by the photographer.”[94] Also, since the body was identified, the police did not publish a report in the Criminal Intelligence Gazette.
		Punjab, the CBI underscored the friendly relations between the disappeared and the Station House Officer of the local police station as disproving police responsibility.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss15/kaur.shtml (12427 words)

	Conflict Summary
		From 1983 violence escalated markedly in Punjab, and led to the imposition of Presidential rule in October 1983.
		The Sikh insurgency movement almost unanimously decided to boycott the elections, and enforced its stand through widespread violence and intimidation, which reduced voter turnout to 20%.
		The violence as well as the daily death toll decreased dramatically during 1993, and by the end of the year the Punjab police chief declared that the insurgency had been defeated.
	www.pcr.uu.se /database/conflictSummary.php?bcID=228 (785 words)

	AllRefer.com - India - Kashmir - Punjab \| Indian Information Resource
		In the mid-1990s, India was grappling with three separate insurgencies of varying strengths in the states of Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, and Punjab.
		The insurgency in the state of Punjab originated in the late 1970s.
		The second factor contributing to the insurgency was the attempt by Indira Gandhi (India's prime minister, 1966-77 and 1980-84), the Congress, and from 1978 Congress (I) to use Bhindranwale to undermine the position of the Akali Dal (Eternal Party), a regional party (see Political Parties, ch.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/india/india202.html (1032 words)

	THE IMPACT OF THE KHALISTAN MOVEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is one reason why so many Hindu organizations have come into existence in Punjab after the rise of militancy and this also partly explains as to why the urban Hindus look to their larger counterparts outside Punjab and to the Indian state for protection.
		An analysis of Sikhs participation in electoral politics in the Punjab Assembly from 1952 to 1992 indicates that Sikhs representation in terms of number of MLAS and seats won in different State Assembly elections is much larger than their total population.
		While the causes and context of the insurgency of the insurgency or autonomy movement in the North East or else where in India and Punjab may differ the Sikh’s carving for politico-economic autonomy and their desire to persevere threat from Hindu-dominated India cannot be brushed aside.
	www.punjabheritage.com /samina.htm (3495 words)

	Encyclopedia: Khalistan
		Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan.
		The Khalistan Commando Force was one of the pre-eminent Sikh terrorist organisations whose goal was the eventual formation of the Sikh terrorist state of Khalistan, encompassing areas within Indian territory, most notably the Punjab as well as some districts of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan.
		The eventual capture and killing of several of the Khalistan Commando Force's Lieutenant Generals and Area Commanders eventually took its toll and many of the factions were eliminated by virtue of the "carrot and stick" policies enforced by Punjab Police and the Indian security forces.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Khalistan (525 words)

	ENSAAF: Fighting Impunity in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The court sentenced Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) Jaspal Singh and Amarjit Singh to life imprisonment for murder, abduction with intent to murder, destruction of evidence, and criminal conspiracy.
		A revision is pending in the High Court of the earlier discharge of accused Rashpal Singh.
		Khalra, welcomed today’s verdicts, but reiterated her demand that former Punjab police chief KPS Gill also be tried.
	www.ensaaf.org /pr2005-11-18.html (367 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		Bullet was among at least 838 people allegedly killed by Punjab police and secretly cremated in Amritsar and the neighboring district of Taran Taran.
		It is common knowledge that of the more than 20,000 people killed during the 13-year Punjab insurgency, many were not militants but merely sympathetic to Sikh separatist demands.
		The man assigned to crush the insurgency in Punjab had been Kanwar Pal Singh Gill, a tough, lanky, charismatic Sikh with a brooding gaze.
	www.pathfinder.com /asiaweek/97/0822/nat6.html (1122 words)

	The Sikh Sentinel - News: Punjab Atrocities Examined at UC-Berkeley Law School
		The "Punjab problem" may be over for India's political establishment, but its effects linger on even today for many people of the state.
		In relation to Punjab, she tried to split the traditional Sikh leadership found in the Akali Dal political party by supporting an alternate Sikh leadership.
		For example, most legal cases filed by families of "the disappeared" in Punjab had been withdrawn because of police intimidation, the inability of the families to sustain years of litigation against agents of the state, and the unwillingness of judiciary to pursue cases against police officers.
	www.sikhsentinel.com /sikhsentinel0311/hrucberkeley.htm (1280 words)

	THE UNIQUE SPIRIT OF SIKHSIM
		Punjab is the historic home of India's Sikh population, a religious minority forming approximately 2% of the nation's population.
		The citizens of Punjab were caught in the vicious cat-and-mouse game played by the police and security forces, whose "catch and kill" strategies eventually did severely weaken the guerilla organizations, but not without a heavy civilian toll - the extent of which is only now being fully brought to light.
		Punjab's irrigation canals had become the dumping grounds for bodies of disappeared citizens as well as of executed militants, and the state government of Rajasthan to the south formally complained of dead bodies floating down from Punjab.
	www.panthkhalsa.org /humanrights (8895 words)

	Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Punjab insurgency is seen as more of a political problem than the result of socio-economic causes.
		The initial demands of the Sikh community were manipulated at the highest levels and through petty politicking until it became an armed conflict against the state.
		Though he does mention a few atrocities committed by the armed forces while talking about Kashmir and Punjab, it is in his study of the North East that he openly admits that the security forces went overboard like in Operation Bajrang in Assam.
	www.ipcs.org /printBookReview.jsp?kValue=87 (1279 words)

	Police and Politics in the 20th Century Punjab
		The politicisation of the police is seen during Partap Singh Kairon's ministry in Punjab from 1957 to 1964.
		The causes of the insurgency are analysed and the negative role of the Akali Dal throughout these upheavals is pointed out.
		The brief rule of the Barnala ministry and the measures taken to tackle the insurgency in Punjab are detailed.
	www.sikhpoint.com /religion/resources/policepolitics.htm (1266 words)

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		The general argument is that memory and forgetting with reference to traumatic and critical events are central components of Sikh ethnonationalism, its self-definition and its ability to negotiate the future.
		The film "Maachis" is a portrayal of Punjabi youth and their responses to the insurgency and the ensuing political, military, and legal atrocities that were widespread in Punjab.
		Both films tend not to engage with the larger political questions and remain sequestered in microcosmic renditions of the events, which, though necessary, continue to represent Punjab, the insurgency or the riots, as isolated events of a larger national history rather than defining moments of lack which point to the very instability of the nation.
	www.hofstra.edu /FORMS/FORMS_printPage.cfm?thepage=sikh_conferences_remembering_abstract (2165 words)

	India, Confront Your Past :: SikhNN :: The Next Generation of News and Views (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The insurgency in Punjab ended over a decade ago, but as yet, there has been no attempt at a complete accounting of the dead and maimed.
		The book provides a useful chapter on the genesis of the insurgency in Punjab that was driven largely by the political ambitions of Indira Gandhi, who was the then Prime Minister of India.
		This report on Punjab is a serious attempt to capture and preserve history by giving the victims a voice and to shift the focus of human rights in India from rhetoric to the healing power of truth and reconstruction.
	www.sikhnn.com /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=180&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 (1504 words)

	SMART (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		San Francisco: A US court has ruled that Kulvir Singh Barapind, a Sikh militant accused of murdering 52 people and injuring 11 others during the Punjab insurgency, should be returned to India.
		The 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals agreed on Wednesday with a lower courts ruling that Kulvir Singh Barapind be extradited to India to face charges related to clashes between government forces and Sikh separatists in the 1980s and early 1990s.
		Barapind was a college student in Punjab and a Sikh activist accused of having been involved in a series of violent activities in 1991 and 1992.
	www.sikhmediawatch.org /news/newsdetail.asp?newsid=644 (439 words)

	Daily Excelsior... Editorial
		Again, it is to be noted that insurgency in these States is much older than what it was in Punjab or what afflicts Jammu and Kashmir State.
		As regards insurgency even taming of terrorists and their leaders have failed to yield tangible results over the years.
		There is no denying the fact that insurgency has been allowed to grow by successive Governments at the centre to subserve respective electoral interests based on vote pocket culture.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /00jan24/edit.htm (5107 words)

	Opinion & Analysis
		So it is worth reminding ourselves of some basic facts about the Punjab insurgency in the 1980s.
		Punjab was chosen because Kashmir would have been too obvious.
		The head of steam built up by the ISI in Punjab and Afghanistan had to be used up somewhere.
	www.business-standard.com /common/storypage.php?storyflag=y&leftnm=lmnu5&leftindx=5&lselect=2&chklogin=N&autono=191947 (1129 words)

	Families of victims unhappy with NHRC compensation
		These are the families whose relatives, like the rest, were reported missing after capture by the police from Amritsar, Tarn Taran and Majitha areas during the Sikh insurgency in Punjab.
		He said these cremations were of those people who were picked up illegally by the Punjab police for interrogation about their links with the separatist movement in the state during 1984-1994.
		Though the Commission has been hearing cases of 2,097 cases, compensation was awarded in only 109 of the cases where Punjab government had accepted to have taken the deceased in their custody.
	www.sikhnet.com /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/SearchView/9148254CACEC0F9B87256F4C00143C93!OpenDocument (562 words)

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