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	balbinus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pupienus, born about 178, was an example of ascension in the Roman hierarchical system due to military success.
		The grandson of Gordian I and future Gordian III was nominated Caesar to appease the population of Rome.
		Pupienus is sent at the head of an army to face Maximinus and Balbinus stays in Rome.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Balbinus.html (449 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Pupienus and Balbinus
		Pupienus was probably around 60 at the time of his election.
		While Pupienus had been in Ravenna, the brutal murder of two unarmed soldiers in the Senate had convulsed Rome in rioting, which eventually escalated into a civil war between the urban plebs, led by partisans of the Gordians, and the soldiers.
		Pupienus and Balbinus were assassinated and Gordian III proclaimed as sole Augustus.
	www.roman-emperors.org /pupi.htm (1684 words)

	The Principate
		Balbinus and Pupienus: A patrician, Balbinus was a Salian priest, twice a consul, and proconsul in Asia.
		Pupienus, a former city prefect, was extremely unpopular with the people of Rome.
		When the enraged populace besieged the Senate and emperors in the Capitol, Balbinus and Pupienus extricated themselves by appointing as caesar the young Gordianus, grandson of the original leader of the revolt.
	home.tiscali.be /mauk.haemers/collegium_historicum/principate6.htm (2401 words)

	Pupienus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meeting in the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitol, the senate now chose from these twenty Balbinus and Pupienus, to be their new emperors, - and to defeat the despised Maximinus.
		This measure was a very shrewd one, as it was not only popular but also granted the emperors access to Gordian's considerable family wealth with the help of which one distributed a cash bonus to the Roman population.
		Pupienus now left Rome to lead an army north against Maximinus, whilst Balbinus staid in the capital.
	www.roman-empire.net /decline/pupienus.html (726 words)

	Pupienus and Balbinus - TheBestLinks.com - April 22, Consul, July 29, Maximinus Thrax, ...
		Pupienus and Balbinus, April 22, Consul, July 29, Maximinus Thrax...
		Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus and Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (both died on July 29, 238) were elected co-emperors by the Roman senate on April 22, 238 after the failure of Gordian I and Gordian II to defeat the usurper Maximinus Thrax.
		Discontentment due to lack of supplies and the strong opposition of the senate, forced his legionaries to rethink their allegiance.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Pupienus_and_Balbinus.html (474 words)

	Roman timeline from 235AD to 268AD
		Pupienus was already in Ravenna raising troops and preventing a swift march into central Italia.
		Pupienus Maximus was elected Joint emperor with Balbinus by the Senate.
		Before their deaths Pupienus was planning an expedition against the Persians and Balbinus against the Germans The length of their joint rule is generally given as 99 days.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /temetfutue/timeline/tl_Imperial-b.htm (17307 words)

	Roman Coin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pupienus, moreover, had been an unpopular urban prefect, and many ordinary Romans were quite willing to take part in rioting against his accession.
		After the death of Maximinus at the siege of Aquileia, perhaps in early June 238, conflicts between the two emperors Pupienus and Balbinus, and among the emperors, soldiers and ordinary Romans, came to the fore.
		Pupienus and Balbinus suffered damnatio memoriae, though it is difficult to ascertain how many other members of the senatorial elite (if any) were either dismissed from their posts or executed by the new regime.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /adnorman/roman.htm (1239 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Portrait of Pupienus on a Silver Denarius Two Hands Shaking Pupienus AD 238 Pupienus and Balbinus were appointed jointly and died together, so we give below their joint history.
		Pupienus and Balbinus Q Quintillus R Roman Empire Romulus Augustus S Saloninus Septimius Severus Severan dynasty T Marcus Claudius Tacitus Template:Epochs of Roman Emperors Tetrarchy Theodosian dynasty Theodosius I...
		Maximinus killed while besieging Aquileia (17 June), The Praetorians kill Pupienus and Balbinus and raise the third Gordianus (aged 13) to the throne.
	pupienus_and_balbinus.iqexpand.com (405 words)

	Gordian I; Gordian II; Pupienus and Balbinus
		Pupienus appears to have been from Etruria, and to have been born between 170 and 175 AD.
		Otherwise we know that he was governor of Asia in 230, and that he had two mature sons in 238, one, T. Clodius Pupienus Pulcher Maximus, had reached the consulship at some point prior to 238, the other, M. Pupienus Africanus, had been Maximinus' colleague as consul in 236.
		The careers of the four emperors accepted by the senate who did not survive 238 (Pupienus and Balbinus were murdered in May) offer a good cross section of the different types of people who had risen to the top of the governing aristocracy at this time.
	www.umich.edu /~classics/programs/class/cc/372/sibyl/en/Gordian_I;_Gordian_II;_Pupienus_and_Balbinus.html (1653 words)

	Balbinus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Balbinus was a Roman senator who was proclaimed emperor by the Senate along with another senator, Pupienus on April 22, A.D. Much of the empire was in revolt against the hated Maximinus I, who had imposed a harsh taxation policy upon the Senate and citizens of Rome.
		Pupienus was to take an army north to meet Maximinus, while Balbinus remained in Rome to control rioting between the people and members of the Praetorian Guard.
		When Pupienus tried to impose stricter discipline over the Praetorian Guard, both he and Balbinus were kidnapped and murdered by the Guard on July 29.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/Balbinus.html (186 words)

	Pupienus - Portrait Gallery of Roman Emperors on Coins
		Pupienus and Balbinus were appointed jointly and died together, so we give below their joint history.
		Balbinus and Pupienus were chosen by the Senate to be joint-emperors in AD244 after the deaths of Gordian I and Gordian II.
		Pupienus realised that the two emperors were in danger and he tried to warn his colleague.
	www.24carat.co.uk /pupienus.html (503 words)

	R1601
		The assassins took the heads of Maximinus and his son to Ravenna, where Pupienus was mustering troops, and then to Rome.
		Pupienus disbanded the forces of both sides and he returned to Rome.
		At the beginning of May 238, a group of praetorians rushed the palace, seized the two of them, and dragged them naked through the streets of Rome, and finally murdered in the praetorian camp.They had reigned a 99 days.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/coins/r4/r1601.htm (349 words)

	Pupienus Maximus -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		On his march, Pupienus, having received the news that Maximinus had been assassinated by his own troops, returned in triumph to Rome.
		Shortly afterwards, when both emperors were on the point of leaving the city on an expedition—Pupienus against the Persians and Balbinus against the Goths—the praetorians, who had always resented the appointment of the senatorial emperors and cherished the memory of the soldier-emperor Maximinus, seized the opportunity of revenge.
		When most of the people were at the Capitoline games, they forced their way into the palace, dragged Balbinus and Pupienus through the streets, and put them to death.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9061929 (211 words)

	Pupienus
		While Balbinus was left in charge of consolidating power in Rome, Pupienus led an army to meet Maximinus.
		On his return, however, Pupienus was not received as a hero but rather as a puppet of the Senate.
		Add to this a deep mistrust of and by Balbinus that was evident to the Praetorian Guard and the whole issue was put to rest when the latter massacred both of them on the same day.
	www.dirtyoldcoins.com /natto/id/pup.htm (492 words)

	My Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the Gordians were quickly killed in Africa, the Senate made Pupienus and a Senator named Balbinus co-Augusti.
		Pupienus was to lead the army and Balbinus was to administrate.
		Maximinus was soon killed by his own men at Aquileia but discontent in Rome led to the murder of Pupienus by the Praetorian Guard on July 29, 238.
	consular-coins.com /page33.html (131 words)

	1.2.2.4.2 Gordians
		and Pupienus, a senator, was elected co-emperor for the military
		Before Pupienus could meet Maximinus in the field, the Thracian was assassinated.
		Pupienus fell out with Balbinus, who wanted primacy, and this cost Balbinus and Pupienus what little respect they had.
	www.classicalcoins.com /page48.html (337 words)

	Balbinus and Pupienus (238) - Reviews on RateItAll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the Senate rebelled against Maximinus, they chose Balbinus and Pupienus to be joint emperors.
		Pupienus was extremely unpopular with the citizens of Rome, who promptly besieged the Senate.
		When he returned, the two emperors quarrelled and were kidnapped and later murdered by the Praetorian guard.
	www.rateitall.com /i-58190-balbinus-and-pupienus-238.aspx (124 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Gordian III
		After the deaths of the boy's grandfather (Gordian I) and uncle (Gordian II) were announced in Rome, probably near the end of April 238, [[4]] a select group of 20 senators decided upon two of their own, Pupienus and Balbinus, as new emperors who would continue to lead the uprising against Maximinus.
		[[6]] The grandson of Gordian I made a perfect focal point to represent the concerns of the critics of Pupienus and Balbinus.
		After the death of Maximinus at the siege of Aquileia, perhaps in early June 238, [[8]] conflicts between the two emperors Pupienus and Balbinus, and among the emperors, soldiers and ordinary Romans, came to the fore.
	www.roman-emperors.org /gordo3.htm (1963 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Description This piece was minted during the very brief reign of Pupienus, who ruled for all of ninety-eight days in 238 AD.
		Balbinus was given the task of directing the civil administration, while Pupienus, who had considerable military experience, gathered troops to oppose the advance of Maximinus on Rome.
		Although Maximinus was checked, and ultimately slain by his own men, neither the citizens nor the army had any love for their two new rulers, and after a period of civil strife and disorder, the Praetorians invaded the palace, dragged out the two emperors and murdered them on July 29, 238 AD.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/sear/s2419.1.txt (637 words)

	Pupienus Maximus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		in full Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus Roman coemperor with Balbinus for a few months of 238.
		Pupienus was a distinguished soldier, who at the advanced age of 74 was chosen by the Senate with Balbinus to resist the barbarian Maximinus.
		It was arranged that Pupienus should take the field against Maximinus, while Balbinus remained at Rome to maintain order, a task in which he signally failed.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061929?tocId=9061929 (75 words)

	Clodius Pupienus Maximus et D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus - Last Gasp of the Senate
		His short reign is marked by constant wars with the barbarians and fellow claimants: Gordian I and Gordian II, then Pupienus and Balbinus.
		Pupienus' family may also have had connections to some of the richest individuals in Athens.[[8]]
		This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/411031 (1627 words)

	238 at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		April 22 - Pupienus and Balbinus become Roman Emperors.
		July 29 - Gordian III becomes Roman Emperor on the deaths of Pupienus and Balbinus.
		July 29 - Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman Emperors
	www.springknow.com /238.html (388 words)

	de 238 Centuries Centuries 2nd century 2nd century 3rd century...
		April 22 April 22 - Pupienus and Balbinus Pupienus and Balbinus become Roman Emperors Roman Emperors.
		July 29 July 29 - Gordian III Gordian III becomes Roman Emperor Roman Emperor on the deaths of Pupienus and Balbinus.
		July 29 July 29 - Pupienus and Balbinus Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman Emperors Roman Emperors
	www.biodatabase.de /238 (231 words)

	MAXIMUS - Online Information article about MAXIMUS
		year A.D. Pupienus was a distinguished soldier, who had been proconsul of See also:
		It was arranged that Pupienus should take the See also:
		Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MAXIMUS.html (859 words)

	Stoa Image Gallery :: Maximinus & Maximus 235-238 A.D. - also - Balbinus, Pupienus and Gordian III Caesar, 238 A.D. :: ...
		Maximinus & Maximus 235-238 A.D. - also - Balbinus, Pupienus and Gordian III Caesar, 238 A.D. Print photo with...
		Album: Chaos - the Military Emperors - 235 - 270 A.D. Album: Maximinus & Maximus 235-238 A.D. - also - Balbinus, Pupienus and Gordian III Caesar, 238 A.D. 6 of 9
		Album: Chaos - the Military Emperors - 235 - 270 A.D. Album: Maximinus & Maximus 235-238 A.D. - also - Balbinus, Pupienus and Gordian III Caesar, 238 A.D. Powered by Gallery v1
	www.stoa.org /gallery/album101/ML_06_Max_Caes_Principi_sest (154 words)

	1.2.2.4 Soldier Emperors
		Maximinus alienated the Senate by raising taxes, and when Africa revolted under Gordian I and his son, who were soon defeated, the Senate elected Balbinus and Pupienus, and Gordian's young grandson was made Caesar.
		Maximinus invaded Italy, only to be assassinated by his own troops; after a brief reign, Balbinus and Pupienus were killed by disaffected Praetorians.
		Gordian III then ruled for six years until he was overthrown by his prefect Philip, whose reign featured the Millennial Games and several provincial revolts.
	www.classicalcoins.com /page21.html (248 words)

	Pupienus, Roman Imperial Coinage of, Thumbnail Index - WildWinds.com
		Pupienus, Roman Imperial Coinage of, Thumbnail Index - WildWinds.com
		Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Hermes standing left, holding purse and caduceus.
		Coins of Pupienus at the Ancient Coin Forum
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/ric/pupienus/t.html (447 words)

	Open Directory - Society: History: By Time Period: Ancient: Rome: People: Roman Emperors: Balbinus and Pupienus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Top: Society: History: By Time Period: Ancient: Rome: People: Roman Emperors: Balbinus and Pupienus
		The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 1 - Chapter VII Part II - From Edward Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire," details the co-rule of the empire by Balbinus and Pupienus.
		Pupienus and Balbinus - Overview of the lives and reigns of these two co-rulers of the Roman Empire.
	dmoz.org /Society/History/By_Time_Period/Ancient/Rome/People/Roman_Emperors/Balbinus_and_Pupienus (151 words)

	Gordian's history in coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gordian III was made Caesar under Pupienus and Balbinus to provide a sense of dynastic continuity but also to gain access to the Gordians' vast wealth.
		When Pupienus and Balbinus were murdered, Gordian III became emperor in 238 at the age of 13.
		RIC 13, LIBERALITAS AVGVSTORVM, Pupienus, Balbinus and Gordian seated on platform
	mihalkam.ancients.info /giiihistory.html (328 words)

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