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Topic: Pupil

Related Topics

Pupillary reflex

Sclera

Iris (anatomy)

Vitreous humour

Ciliary body

Eye contact

Accommodation reflex

Optic nerve

Eye

Optic chiasm

Aqueous humour

Cornea

Retina

Tapetum lucidum

Sensory system

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	Exploratorium: Science Snacks: Pupil
		Pupil size can change because you are fearful, angry, in pain, in love, or under the influence of drugs.
		The response of the pupil is an involuntary reflex.
		The pupil of your eye is also the source of the red eyes you sometimes see in flash photographs.
	www.exploratorium.edu /snacks/pupil.html (725 words)

	Pupil Reflexes
		The decrease of spontaneous oscillations of pupils ('stone pupils') is observed in the severe neurogenic, mental, visceral and infectious diseases, and also in the terminal states (syncope, shock, sepsis, coma).
		Paradoxical reaction of the pupils is the dilation of pupil at illumination and the constriction of pupils in darkness.
		It is observed in the injury of upper cervical ganglion, paralyses of the oculomotor nerve, and hemorrhage to the brain ventricles.
	www.cnri.edu /coursedemo/Pupils_and_Pupillary_Symptoms/Pupil_Reflexes.htm (1303 words)

	Pupil Size and Lasik
		The size of the potential patient's naturally dilated pupils may be very important because of the possibility of halos, starbursts, and other undesirable effects after all laser assisted and non-laser refractive surgery, however the exact relevance is not clear.
		The iris restricts, causing the pupil to be smaller, reducing the light reaching the retina, and thereby restricts the area on the cornea through which the light travels that reaches the retina and is seen.
		Pupil size is an issue where there are situations it is clearly dangerous, situations it is clearly not problematic, situations where it may or may not be problematic, and everyone's situation is unique.
	www.usaeyes.org /lasik/faq/lasik-pupil-size.htm (2444 words)

	Pupil Size and Acuit
		Pupil size is a function of the weighted average of the luminances (popularly called brightness) within the field of view.
		Pupil size is influenced much more by the part of the retina associated with central, or foveal, vision than by the outer areas of the retina.
		As long as the stimuli to change pupil size are presented at a rate comparable with the pupillary response time, the pupil does not appear to show fatigue.
	www.pc.ibm.com /ww/healthycomputing/vdt13eyec.html (739 words)

	Pupil - eye anatomy
		The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris.
		The size of the pupil determines the amount of light that enters the eye.
		The pupil size is controlled by the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris.
	www.stlukeseye.com /anatomy/Pupil.asp (66 words)

	April01smallpupil
		Pseudoexfoliation is commonly associated with small pupils, and this condition significantly increases the risk of complications.
		Popularized by Garden City, Kans., surgeon Luther Fry, pupil stretch is an inexpensive and time-efficient method for enlarging a pupil that did not dilate adequately with the placement of a viscoelastic agent.
		Should pupil stretch fail to achieve the desired pupil diameter, your next option is to use a small scissors to make a series of very fine partial cuts to the iris sphincter.
	www.revophth.com /2001/April/April01smallpupil.htm (1828 words)

	TeacherNet, A to Z of School Leadership - Pupil reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Where a pupil is 18 or over a head teacher can also provide the report to the pupil's parent, as well as to the pupil, where the head teacher considers there are special circumstances which make it appropriate.
		The information required in the annual pupil report must be provided by the end of the summer term of the school year to which the report relates.
		Where a pupil is no longer of compulsory school age and has left the school or is proposing to do so, head teachers are required to provide the pupil with a school leaver's report (in place of the annual pupil report).
	www.teachernet.gov.uk /management/atoz/p/pupilreports (927 words)

	Exit pupil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The exit pupil is the image of the aperture stop in the optics that follow it.
		In a system designed for direct visual observation, the exit pupil should be about the size of the pupil of the observer's eye, and it should be placed a comfortable distance past the eyepiece, so the observer can place his or her pupil in the plane of the exit pupil.
		The closer the exit pupil to the focal plane, the higher the angles of incidence at the extreme edges of the field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exit_pupil (442 words)

	Pupil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In humans and many animals (but few fish), the size of the pupil is controlled by involuntary constriction and dilation of the iris in order to regulate the intensity of light entering the eye.
		The narrower the pupil, the more accurate the depth perception of peripheral vision is, so narrowing it in one direction would increase depth perception in that plane.
		Small cats and foxes also have slit shaped pupils while lions and wolves have round pupils even though they are in the same family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pupil (605 words)

	pupil
		Pupil (n.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or fl of the eye.
		Pupil (n.) A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.
		Pupil (n.) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.
	www.fileprofile.com /Games/board_games/flipflop/pupil.htm (112 words)

	The Iris
		When too much light is entering the eye, the iris sphincter muscle (which encircles the pupil) pulls toward the center, causing the pupil to “constrict” and allowing less light to reach the retina.
		Constriction of the pupil also occurs when the crystalline lens accommodates (changes focus) to a near distance; this reaction is known as the “near reflex.” A representation of parasympathetic pathways in the pupillary light reflex can be seen here: parasympathetic response.
		With a uniform background light present in the room, causing the pupils to slightly constricted, there is less variance in the size of the pupil as the television illumination changes, and the muscles controlling the pupil size become less tired.
	www.tedmontgomery.com /the_eye/iris.html (1053 words)

	Pupil Reflexes
		Diminished 3rd nerve stimulation at the ciliary ganglion and subsequently the pupil sphincter muscle results in dilated pupil and poor reaction to light reflexes.
		The pupil usually is hypersensitive to the application of weak cholinergic agents or diluted miotics causing a miosis of the pupil beyond what might be expected for these low concentrations.
		The pupils may be irregularly constricted and have a decreased or absent response to light (direct and consentual).
	www.nova.edu /hpd/otm/otm-a/p_reflex.html (241 words)

	Pupil Track-Index
		Pupil Track is a sophisticated pupil tracking, reporting and analysis system, which is accessible, intuitive and simple to operate.
		A pupil tracking system which compiles data, and can print annual progress reports for an entire year of pupils in fifteen minutes.
		We've made Pupil Track so simple that a child could use it, though access controls prevent curious youngsters from doing so.The programme assumes limited knowledge of IT, and with minimal training, teachers and managers can effectively record, report and analyse the performance of their pupil population.
	www.pupiltrack.co.uk (156 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pupil - white spots
		The the pupil of the human eye is normally fl.
		In flash photographs the pupil may appear red, an effect called "red eye." This is also called the "red reflex" by health care providers, and is entirely normal.
		A cloudy cornea (usually, the clear part of the eye) may produce an appearance similar to a white pupil.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003315.htm (490 words)

	Pupil - white spots \| Health Library \| Walgreens
		In this condition, the pupil of the eye, which is normally fl, appears white.
		The normal appearance of the pupil of the human eye is fl.
		If a diagnosis was made by your health care provider as the cause of white spots in the pupils, you may want to note that diagnosis in your personal medical record.
	www.walgreens.com /library/contents.jsp?doctype=1&docid=003315 (526 words)

	The Education (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2006
		(b) in the case of a pupil for whom transport to school is provided by the school or a local education authority, and whose home is not within walking distance of the school, that transport is not available.
		A pupil may be marked in the attendance register as unable to attend due to exceptional circumstances where the school site, or part of it, is closed or where transport normally provided for that pupil by the school or the LEA is unavailable (regulation6(1)).
		Before deleting a pupil's name from the admission register on the ground that they have not returned from a leave of absence exceeding ten days, both the proprietor and the local education authority must have failed, after reasonable enquiry, to ascertain where the pupil is (regulation 8(1)(f)).
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2006/20061751.htm (3421 words)

	Pupil Track-Index
		Pupil Track is a sophisticated pupil tracking, reporting and analysis system, which is accessible, intuitive and simple to operate.
		A pupil tracking system which compiles data, and can print annual progress reports for an entire year of pupils in fifteen minutes.
		We've made Pupil Track so simple that a child could use it, though access controls prevent curious youngsters from doing so.The programme assumes limited knowledge of IT, and with minimal training, teachers and managers can effectively record, report and analyse the performance of their pupil population.
	www.pupiltrack.com /Index.htm (156 words)

	Iris Recognition: Detecting the Pupil
		The pupil is in fact so fl relative to everything else in the picture a simple edge detection should be able to find its outside edge very easily.
		Since the pupil is the largest filled circle in the image the overall intensity of this spectrum will peak in it.
		Thus the maximum value must correspond to the pupil center, and furthermore the value at that maximum (distance from that point to nearest non-zero) must be equal to the pupil radius.
	cnx.org /content/m12487/latest (645 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - Tonic Pupil
		The patient often complains of unequal pupil sizes, and frequently of decreased vision at near.
		In cases of idiopathic tonic pupils, deep tendon reflexes often diminish, particularly in young females.
		In the ciliary ganglion, 93 percent of the post-ganglionic fibers innervate the ciliary body for accommodation; the remaining 7 percent innervate the iris sphincter for miosis during the light reflex.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/sect6k.htm (495 words)

	Compass Measure - Funding Per Pupil
		The enrollment share formula is in the form of a "J" curve providing greater funding to small districts (at the top of the curve), with mid-sized districts generally receiving the least (at the bottom of the curve) and large districts receiving a bit more (on the upswing of the curve).
		For example, projected 2005-06 per pupil funds in Ouray School District (a small, rural district in the southwest part of the state) are $9,680.
		Eligibility for participation in the federal free lunch program is used as a proxy of each school district's at-risk pupil population.
	www.co.larimer.co.us /compass/fundingperpupil_ed_k12.htm (1155 words)

	Collaborative Pupil Services Initiatives
		Training modules are designed to provide professional development connecting to different pupil services and administrator standards delineated in PI 34, as well as content standards in the four pupil services areas.
		This training module is designed to teach pupil services professionals to design a simple, valid outcome evaluation system that addresses the priorities of your school district while not consuming unrealistic amounts of time and resources.
		The intent of this module is to help pupil service professionals both gain the content knowledge and demonstrate performance in the area of legal and ethical issues in their field, while learning about the ethical codes of conduct of the other pupil services professions.
	www.dpi.state.wi.us /sspw/pstrainings.html (1525 words)

	Untitled
		The exit pupil of any telescope/eyepiece combination is the image of the objective lens (or mirror) formed by the eyepiece, which is seen directly behind the eye lens.
		With my eye's pupil (through that eyepiece) effectively stopping down my eight inch mirror to 3.2 inches (which is about 8 square inches of light collecting area), and the diagonal blocking 3.6 square inches of it, that leaves only 4.4 square inches of the telescope's light collecting area that reaches my eye.
		As magnification is a ratio between objective and eyepiece focal lengths, the exit pupil is a ratio between the eyepiece focal length and the objective's focal ratio.
	home.att.net /~jsstars/EP/ep.html (2017 words)

	Word! Pupil
		Pupils are in charge of how much light goes into your eye.
		That's why your pupils get larger in the dark (to let more light in) and smaller in the light (to keep some light out).
		You can use a small flashlight to test how your pupils, or your friend's pupils, change when the amount of light near them changes.
	kidshealth.org /kid/word/p/word_pupil.html (101 words)

	The Education (Pupil Information) (England) Regulations 2005
		"teacher assessment" means assessment of a pupil's NC level of attainment in a subject by the pupil's teacher, as specified in the statutory arrangements[6];
		"unique pupil number" means a combination of numbers which, together with a letter or letters, are allocated to a pupil by use of a formula determined by the Department for Education and Skills and are particular to that pupil.
		"comparative information", in relation to pupils of the same age nationally, means the information provided by the Department for Education and Skills about the NC levels of attainment in the core subjects of all registered pupils at schools in England in the final year of the relevant key stage for the preceding school year.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2005/20051437.htm (3577 words)

	Word! Pupil
		Pupils are in charge of how much light goes into your eye.
		That's why your pupils get larger in the dark (to let more light in) and smaller in the light (to keep some light out).
		You can use a small flashlight to test how your pupils, or your friend's pupils, change when the amount of light near them changes.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/word/p/word_pupil.html (101 words)

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