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	Purdah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Purdah (Urdu, Persian: پردہ ;; transliterated as 'purda') is the practice of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form.
		Purdah was rigorously observed under the Taliban in Afghanistan, where women had to observe complete purdah at all times when they were in public.
		Purdah is used by the UK Chancellor Of The Exchequer to refer to the period after plans have been prepared but before his annual budget is announced when he refrains from discussing any matters which have relevance to the forthcoming budget.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Purdah (354 words)

	Purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Purdah is the practice that includes the seclusion of women from public observation by wearing concealing clothing from head to toe and by the use of high walls, curtains, and screens erected within the home.
		For the Muslims, purdah is an act of faith that entails the acts of honor, respect, and dignity.
		Discussed is the idea that purdah is used as an instrument that enables men to dominate over the family structure and causes a division of labor by gender that leaves women extremely dependent upon their husbands.
	www.kings.edu /womens_history/purdah.html (1940 words)

	Purdah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Purdah is the Islamic practice of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form.
		The usual garment worn to accomplish this is termed a burka, which may or may not include a veil to conceal the face (sometimes the term burka is used to refer to the headgear and veil alone).
		Purdah was rigorously observed under regimes such as that of the Taliban in Afghanistan, where women had to observe complete purdah at any time they were in public.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Purdah (151 words)

	Purdah
		Purdah (Urdu, Persian: پردہ ; also transliterated as 'purda') is the practice of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form.
		Purdah is prevalent in Islamic societies, but is also observed by other communities in the Indian subcontinent.
		A form of purdah is also seen in other religions such as Christianity and Judaism - it is not unknown for certain Christian and Jewish denominations to require women to be 'covered' whilst worshipping.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Purdah (270 words)

	Chapter 3
		Purdah is an important part of the life experience of many South Asians and is a central feature of the social system of the area.
		Purdah, which literally means curtain, refers to the physical segregation of living space, as well as the covering of body and face.
		The physical expressions of purdah are the concept of separate living quarters for women (zenana), veiling with an enveloping garment (burqa/chadar), covering of the face (ghunghat) and separate or curtained facilities and transportation.
	www.mcgill.ca /mchg/student/segregation/chapter3 (7898 words)

	ummah.com forum - Purdah: It gives you freedom I
		Purdah is the practice that includes the privacy of women from public observation by wearing concealing clothing from head to toe.
		Purdah is an identity of the Muslim woman that distinguishes her.
		Purdah stills remains an integral part of everyday life for some peoples and marks a part of their culture.
	www.ummah.net /forum/printthread.php?t=51085 (3414 words)

	Purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Purdah is the Islamic practice of requiring women to cover theirbodies so as to cover their skin and conceal their form.
		The usual garment worn to accomplish this is termed a burka, which may or may not include a veil to conceal theface (sometimes the term burka is used to refer to the headgear and veil alone).
		Purdah was rigorously observed under regimes such as that of the Taliban in Afghanistan, where women had to observe complete purdah at any time they werein public.
	www.therfcc.org /purdah-30161.html (130 words)

	Dictionary.com/Word of the Day: purdah
		are in purdah, as it were, exhibited upstairs in a gallery presciently redecorated with red-velvet walls, from which children are excluded.
		Purdah is from Urdu, from Persian pardah, curtain, veil.
		Purdah has largely disappeared in Hindu practice, though it is still practiced to a greater or lesser degree in many Islamic countries.
	dictionary.reference.com /wordoftheday/archive/2000/10/18.html (221 words)

	TDH Afghanistan (Letter From Afghanistan vol.5. Page)
		Purdah is one important component of the honor code; honor and honorable behavior being the most desired status symbol of Afghan society.
		Purdah is a strong social institution, which is differently applied by various age groups.
		Purdah is regarded as a safeguard for women against physical attacks from men who are not related to them.
	www.tdhafghanistan.org /newsletter5.htm (2055 words)

	Purdah in South Asian Narrative Anette Gomis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Purdah is a central feature of the social system of South Asia, and in recent years has been the subject of numerous anthropological and sociological studies that attest to its importance.
		This paper examines the notion of purdah and female seclusion in postcolonial texts by men and women of different religions, written in or translated into English.
		Purdah thus becomes a way of interrogating the kinds of challenges that frame postcolonial studies today.
	www.semioticon.com /virtuals/postcol/annette_gomis.htm (146 words)

	AllRefer.com - India - Family Authority and Harmony - Veiling and the Seclusion of Women \| Indian Information Resource
		Purdah practices are inextricably linked to patterns of authority and harmony within the family.
		Rules of Hindu and Muslim purdah differ in certain key ways, but female modesty and decorum as well as concepts of family honor are essential to the various forms of purdah.
		The importance of purdah is not limited to family life; rather, these practices all involve restrictions on female activity and access to power and the control of vital resources in a male-dominated society.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/india/india85.html (1643 words)

	Malayalam magazines drive women into purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		“Purdah is a modern dress for moral women,” it concludes.
		The survey also revealed that the number of the Muslim women who use purdah in the five districts of the Malabar region increased from 3.5 per cent in 1990 to 32.5 in 2000.
		Purdah House, started 10 years back in S M Street, Kozhikode's commercial hub, set the wave in motion.
	www.thehoot.org /story.asp?section=&lang=L1&storyid=webhoothootL1K0930021&pn=1 (607 words)

	WLUML: Publications
		Among the reformists, the debate on purdah was fuelled by the excommunication and the argument ran that purdah was not sanctioned in the Koran but was introduced at a later date.
		The reformers alleged that the clergy was not consistent in its enforcement of purdah practices and religious proscriptions were mere pretexts to prevent her from engaging in activities that would enlighten her, kindle the spirit of freedom in her and bring progress.
		Women were seen without purdah at picnics, at wedding reception, at railway and tram stations, near entertainment houses and markets but the bulk of the letters highlight the increasing tolerance of women without purdah in the presence of the clerical men themselves.
	www.wluml.org /english/pubsfulltxt.shtml?cmd[87]=i-87-2634 (8456 words)

	Books on Purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Educated, nationalist Chimnabai, born in 1871, in the wake of the "Indian Mutiny" of 1857, began her marriage in Purdah but broke it in 1913, and spent the rest of her life campaigning tirelessly for women’s rights.
		The comparatively demure Sunity Devi was a favorite of the British aristocracy and made Queen Victoria the godmother of her son, Victor.
		Born before the last vestige of Mughal civilization had quite disappeared from the subcontinent, Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah spent her childhood in the heyday of British Imperialism and the early years of her youth coincided with the period when the struggle for Independence was gathering momentum.
	books.bankhacker.com /Purdah (676 words)

	Al Islam -Muslim Television Ahmadiyya
		However, he felt that it needed to be emphasized again because a few people say that purdah is an antiquated restriction that should be removed in this day and age and that the progress of Islam and Ahmadiyyat is not dependant on strict observance of Purdah.
		Purdah of the face is evident from the Holy Quran.
		In Pakistan, purdah is being misused in that the young girls are discarding it and the older women are virtually imprisoned.
	www.alislam.org /mta/summary/january30-2004.html (902 words)

	Purdah -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Even in the (A federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves) United Arab Emirates, where women can wear skirts and similar modest garments, Arab women often observe purdah.
		Purdah also means " (Hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)) Curtain" in [Persian].
		In colloquial (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English, 'purdah' is used as a synonym for isolation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pu/purdah.htm (251 words)

	Islamic Voice - Zil-Hijjah / Muharram 1423 H
		This misconception about Islamic Purdah is due to almost all our Ulema claiming that a woman’s real place is her house, to which she must be confined.
		As they had to work outside their houses, they were exempted from Islamic Purdah to the extent of not being allowed to cover their heads.
		Without any authority, they claimed she was a slave and then differentiated between the Purdahs of free and slave women.
	www.islamicvoice.com /march.2003/opinion.htm (1019 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - HER WORLD
		Women in purdah driving cars and operating computers, are some of the images the publications project.
		In Kerala, particularly in the Malabar area of the state, purdah is a recent phenomenon.
		Observers are unable to pinpoint the reason for the spread of the purdah in such a short time.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20021110/herworld.htm (3653 words)

	Solitary Purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The outcry for the good of society is heard with each utterance that offers a seductive optimism, while corrupts mankind with the distortions of a failed structure, based upon a false maxim.
		Solitary Purdah is the individual in a state of social isolation.
		The theme of Solitary Purdah has a focus that examines the fundamental conflict between the individual and the State.
	pages.zdnet.com /sartre65/solitary (1553 words)

	UGC 112 N (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sultana's Dream is a collection of accounts about purdah, the seclusion and segregation of women, as it has been practised in South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan) from the late nineteenth to the twentieth centuries.
		Besides writing fiction, Rokeya was a journalist, essayist, and passionate advocate of women's education and rights; a pioneer for her time, she focused her most savage criticism on the institution of purdah, arguing that it denied women the opportunity for self-realization both personally and in public life.
		Read carefully, then, to get a sense of "what purdah was like" for women and their families, but also to understand the larger social and cultural reasons for this practice, the purposes it has served, and why it continues to be important in certain contexts today.
	wings.buffalo.edu /courses/sp01/ugc/112n/assignments_study_guides/sultanasdreamstudyguide.htm (744 words)

	The Veil of Purdah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When one considers that Purdah has thrived in the repressive Taliban regime in Afghanistan, it can hardly be surprising that it would harbor an already indicted terrorist such as Osama bin Laden.
		Purdah, an obligation of the Muslim faith requiring women to live in seclusion, in submission and under the veil is an oppressive, and sometimes violent practice.
		The answer seems to lie beneath the veil of Purdah and is not so very complicated after all.
	www.pearlstreetpublishing.com /TheVeilofPurdah.htm (292 words)

	Khanqah: Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Purdah is not observed from chacha (father's brother) and mamoon (mother's brother).
		Firstly blood relations from whom Purdah is not decreed, secondly, the relation by marriage such as husband's son and father-in-law.
		Purdah, according to Shariat, was cast to the winds.
	www.khanqah.com /articles/misc_sharae_pardah.htm (19562 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Sultana's Dream : And Selections from The Secluded Ones (A Feminist Press Sourcebook) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hossain, born in north India (now Bangladesh) in 1880, was raised under the constraints of purdah, the Indian tradition that physically and spiritually isolates women, and devoted her life to writing about female oppression under purdah and to attempting to break through the stifling seclusion.
		Purdah, or the seclusion of a group of people from the rest of the world, is a practice still alive and well in several parts of the world.
		Relatively unknown and not understood in the West, "purdah" ("parda" in Hindi, meaning 'curtain') is the seclusion and segregation of women (even from other women, not of the family) and is a tradition that is thrust upon women of many Middle Eastern and Asian societies.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0935312838?v=glance (1214 words)

	"Murder in Purdah": Spotlight on rural Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Purdah is the Islamic law, or rather the interpretation of the Islamic law, that governs the behavior of women in parts of rural Pakistan.
		It shows that women are maimed and killed for alleged violations of Purdah, and the perpetrators – husbands, brothers, sons – usually go unpunished.
		The film's searing images support its message: A young woman dies of burns from acid thrown on her by her husband; a husband shows off the gun he used to shoot his wife in the back.
	www.winfieldcourier.com /dave/d020313.html (712 words)

	How the Maharanis conquered the roads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The car was a purdah car for the ladies of his vast harem; the nizam sat at the base of the ‘guitar’ shape affording him a vantage sight of every lady seated in the circular section.
		Her personal purdah Rolls Royce with smoked-glass windows was therefore fitted with a large cocktail cabinet on one side and a big jump-seat for the lady-in-waiting on the other side.
		An opulent 40 hp purdah Lanchester limousine was supplied to the maharaja of Rewa in 1924 for his maharani with dark-tinted glass in the windows, a speaking tube and an electrically operated fan in the double-roof.
	web.mid-day.com /smd/play/2003/september/64422.htm (2203 words)

	Encyclopedia: Purdah
		Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one system of writing into another.
		Purdah is prevalent in the Islamic world, but is also observed by other communities in the Indian subcontinent.
		Frances Perkins wearing a veil after the death of president Roosevelt Veils are articles of clothing, worn almost exclusively by women, which cover some part of the head or face.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Purdah (771 words)

	VEIL LIFTED FROM PURDAH
		The practice of covering the face completely except for the eyes originated in Zoroastrian Persia of old where the patrician (aristocratic) women wore the purdah in order to distinguish themselves from the plebeian (of lower social class) women.
		Here's a profitable possibility that can be merrily exploited by the ever-scheming "stronger sex": A man can freely, joyfully, and with perfect composure and relaxation, associate with his paramour by donning the purdah (burqa) and going out with her everywhere in public, undetected and with impunity.
		The public will not bat an eyelid, never suspect, and take it for granted that two WOMEN wearing the purdah are going about their normal, legitimate business.
	www.irfi.org /articles/articles_101_150/veil_lifted_from_purdah.htm (796 words)

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