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	Surrealist automatism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Automatism in Surrealism has taken a many forms, from the automatic writing and drawing initially practiced by surrealists, to similar, or perhaps parallel phenomena, such and the non-idiomatic improvisation of free jazz [1].
		Surrealist automatism is different from mediumistic automatism, from which the term was inspired.
		"Pure psychic automatism" was how André Breton, surrealism's founder, defined surrealism, and while the definition has proved capable of significant expansion, automatism remains of prime importance in the movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Surrealist_automatism (232 words)

	Surrealism - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Pure psychic automatism, by which one proposes to express, either verbally, or in writing, or by any other manner, the real functioning of thought.
		Later, automatic drawing was developed by André Masson, and automatic drawing and painting, as well as other automatist methods, such as decalcomania, frottage, fumage, grattage and parsemage became significant parts of surrealist practice.
		(Automatism was later adapted to the computer.) Many of the popular artists in Paris throughout the 1920s and 1930s were surrealists, including René Magritte, Joan Miró, Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, Alberto Giacometti, Valentine Hugo, Meret Oppenheim, Man Ray, and Yves Tanguy.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Surrealism (1084 words)

	Some Rants and Notes about Automatic Poetic Practices in the 21st Century
		The original definition of pure psychic automatism, as suggested by Breton in the first manifesto of surrealism, is that by which it is intended to express, verbally, in writing or by other means, the real functioning of thought.
		With automatism, or automatic writing, in particular, the goal is not “therapy” or any kind of mysticism (religious or otherwise), but a liberation of thought, as it is written down word by word as quickly as possible.
		For this reason, automatic writing (and other forms of automatism, such as the visual kind) is highly prized by surrealists as a technique of liberating the human psyche when it is temporarily visible in its nakedness, without the interference from moral or rationalistic filters.
	www.surrealcoconut.com /automatic_writing/about_automatism.htm (6258 words)

	Surrealist automatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Automatism has taken a many forms, from the automatic writing and drawing initially practiced by surrealists, to later adapations to the computer.
		Surrealist automatism is different from mediumistic automatism, from which it was inspired.
		The surrealist practice of automatic drawing, originally performed with pencil or pen and paper, has also been adapted to mouse and monitor, and other automatic methods have also been either adapted from non-digital media, or invented specifically for the computer.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Surrealist-automatism.htm (347 words)

	Tate \| Glossary \| Automatism
		Automatism is the same as free association, the method used by Freud to explore the unconscious mind of his patients.
		In the Manifesto, Breton actually defined Surrealism as 'Pure psychic automatism the dictation of thought in the absence of all control exercised by reason and outside all moral or aesthetic concerns'.
		Surrealist collage, invented by Max Ernst, was the first form of visual automatism, in which he put together images clipped from magazines, product catalogues, book illustrations, advertisements and other sources to create a strange new reality.
	www.tate.org.uk /collections/glossary/definition.jsp?entryId=37 (201 words)

	The Anti-Group
		Andre Breton called for pure psychic automatism, by which it is intended to express, either verbally or in writing, the true function of thought, though dictated in the absence of all control exerted by reason, and outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupation.
		Bunuel states of Un Chien Andalou that it was the "result of conscious psychic, automatism and to that extent it does not recount a dream, although it profits from a mechanism analogous to dream." This is a precise qualification.
		"Pure film" as the concept announced by the pioneering theorist film-maker Hans Richter, would seem to exclude anything like story telling, such as Napolen of elements in Richter's own later films, for that would involve the "romantic", the "moral", and even (since Gance was reconstructing history) the "documentary".
	www.sonic-boom.com /clockdva/delivery.html (1678 words)

	Yellow Canary Art Dictionary
		Duchamp and others, believers in the "happy accident," (see "automatism") dropped bits of string, gluing them in place, because a higher power (their unconscious rather than God) dictated the rightness of the position of the string (now you know, in part, where Jackson Pollock's drip paintings came from) 7.
		Related, of course, to the fundamental form of the planets and their (elliptical) orbits, and perhaps the nature of the universe itself, the circle/sphere, with no beginning and no end -- continuous, connected existence -- is symbolic of perfection and wholeness 2.
		While the circle is perhaps most often thought of as the essential mandala shape, the square with its equal sides is also a mandala (a symbol of psychic wholeness or desired wholeness) that speaks of a desire for an easy remedy, by means of an artistic formula, for contemporary disequilibrium and stress 7.
	www.jessieevans-dongray.com /essays/essay007.html (13639 words)

	André Breton
		André Breton (February 18, 1896 - September 28, 1966) was a French poet and author whose writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924 in which he defined surrealism as pure psychic automatism.
		In 1919 he and Philippe Soupault produced the first volume of automatic writing, Les Champs Magnetiques.
		He later penned the "Manifesto of Surrealism", founding the French Surrealist movement, and was editor of La révolution surréaliste from 1924.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/a/an/andre_breton.html (185 words)

	The world's top surrealist automatism websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Automatism has taken a great many forms, from the automatic writing that was the initial automatism practiced by surrealism to later adapations to the computer.
		Surrealist automatism is to be distinguished from mediumistic automatism, by which it was inspired: ghosts, spirits or the like are not purported to be the source of its automatic messages.
		Some Romanian surrealists invented a number of surrealist techniques (such as cubomania, entopic graphomania, and the movement of liquid down a vertical surface) that purported to take automatism to an absurd point; the name "surautomatism" implies that the methods "go beyond" automatism but this position is controversial.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/surrealist_automatism (288 words)

	Dinners With André
		It was borrowed from the ceaselessly fertile brain of their precursor, the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, who coined it in his 1917 program note for the ballet ''Parade.'' André Breton laid down the law about the term in his 1924 ''Surrealist Manifesto'': ''Surrealism.
		At the center is the poet and theorist Breton, a man whose charisma and inclination to social and intellectual tyranny make him a formidable subject for a biographer.
		Many practiced automatic writing or drawing -- that is, letting the hand that held the pen or charcoal move of its own accord across a surface, thereby producing artful phrases or marks, supposedly without the artist's conscious intervention.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/99/10/03/reviews/991003.03alofft.html (633 words)

	The Voice of Robert Desnos
		These longer pieces are a continuation of the surrealist project of psychic automatism, defined by Andre Breton as eruptions of spontaneous creation in which the writer supposedly surrenders his/her ego to chance.
		Dictation of thought, in the absence of all control exercised by reason, outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupation." For Desnos the appeal of automatic writing was not only to throw the mind open to chance.
		Automatic writing was not just a scientific experiment to discover the secrets of consciousness or operations of the mind but offered access to other selves, other worlds through its transformation of leaden words into golden visions.
	www.textbase.net /voiceof.htm (928 words)

	André Breton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as pure psychic automatism.
		Born into modest origins in Tinchebray (Orne) in Normandy, he studied medicine and psychiatry.
		In The Magnetic Fields (Les Champs Magnétiques), a collaboration with Soupault, he put the principle of automatic writing into practice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andre_Breton (479 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Also influential was the strange phrase of half-sleep captured one evening ("There is a man cut in two by the window"), as was the long quest for "spoken thought," encouraged by Freud's discoveries and by psychiatric activity during the war.
		Pure psychic automatism with which one proposes to express the real process of thought, either orally or in writing, or in any other manner.
		Mingling autobiography, theoretical points of view, and references to the definite existence of a surrealist collective, whose members were listed, the manifesto provided an unambiguous outline of the movement's aims and axes of research.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122621 (1507 words)

	Andre Masson at the McMullen Museum, Boston College
		In his first Surrealist Manifesto, André Breton defined Surrealism as "Pure psychic automatism by which it is intended to express.
		In their attempts to transmit pure, unedited thoughts to the canvas, the other major Surrealist artists developed two techniques: biomorphic abstraction and unexpected juxtapositions.
		Breton's primary method of investigation was automatic writing, where every passing thought was quickly transferred to the paper, without stopping to consider grammar or sense.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/artmuseum/exhibitions/archive/masson/learnmore.html (1748 words)

	Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Surrealism, noun: Pure psychic Automatism by which one undertakes to express, verbally, in writing, or by any other form, the true functioning of thought.
		Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of association that have been overlooked, in the supreme power of the dream, and in the detached game played by thought.
		It tends to ruin definitively all other psychic mechanisms and substitute itself for them in the resolution of the principal problems of life.
	www.noteaccess.com /APPROACHES/Breton24.htm (415 words)

	Presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This word, which is not our invention and which we could have abandoned to the most vague critical vocabulary, is used by us in a precise sense.
		By it, we mean to designate a certain psychic automatism that corresponds rather closely to the state of dreaming, a state that is today extremely difficult to delimit." (Rubin 63-64) Almost a year later, Brenton attained exclusive rights to this word and defined it in the Surrealist manifesto as: "Surrealism.
		Pure psychic automatism, by which one intends to express verbally, in writing or by any other method, the real functioning of the mind.
	students.cedarcrest.edu:81 /hon160/_disc_paper3/00000077.htm (964 words)

	Terrance Lindall's New International Surrealist Manifesto
		I went back to Breton’s Le Manefeste du Surrealisme of 1924 to look at the definition - “pure psychic automatism by which it is intended to express, either verbally or in writing, the true function of thought.
		Automatic writing, automatic painting became almost a matter of course in New York on 8th Street at the end of the '30s.
		It is this freedom that the surrealist seeks in his art, to create spontaneously without effort, automatically, to discover the wonder of the universe in all of its manifestation with out the hindrance of cause and effect, to feel the fullness of both joy and horror without harm.
	www.cinemavii.com /Events/BraveDestiny/NISM.htm (1862 words)

	GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM: Surrealism: Two Private Eyes
		A painting that accepted the main principles of automatism and dream imagery would be considered Surrealist.
		Further, he advocated that inspiration for art should be drawn from a transformed reality or interior imagery rather than what existed in plain view: "I find it impossible to think of a picture save as a window, and my first concern about a window is to find out what it looks out on.
		As the artists were free to find their own routes of expression--whether they chose abstracted forms, fantastic imagery, or disquieting depictions of everyday life--the works in this exhibition are diverse in both style and approach.
	www.guggenheim.org /exhibitions/past_exhibitions/surrealism/surreal_bottom.html (1442 words)

	The Surreal Life (Promo) Jon Spayde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		They experimented with what Breton called "pure psychic automatism," which was most often exercised in the form of "automatic writing" -- rapid, uncensored outpourings on the page.
		Unlike earlier artistic isms, which were driven by the search for new forms, surrealism asserted that form mattered little; what was important was tapping the power of everyone's unconscious and sparking a revolution both psychic and political.
		Among younger artists, the playwright Lisa D'Amour and the Oakland-based alternative rapper Doseone handle language with a sense of dreamlike flow and unpredictable juxtaposition that are purely surrealist in spirit.
	www.utne.com /pub/2005_129/promo/11633-1.html (685 words)

	Surrealism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		André Breton's Surrealist Manifesto of 1924 and the publication of the magazine The Surrealist Revolution (La Révolution Surréaliste) mark the beginning of the movement as a public agitation.
		Automatic drawing and painting, as well as other automatic methods such as decalcomania, frottage, fumage, grattage and parsemage, became significant surrealist techniques.
		Much later, automatism was adapted to the computer.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Surrealism.htm (4449 words)

	physics - Surrealism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		(Automatism was later adapted to the computer.) By December of 1924, the publication La Revolution Surrealiste edited by Pierre Naville and Benjamin Peret and later by Breton, was started.
		Also, a Bureau of Surrealist Research began in Paris and was at one time, under the direction of Antonin Artaud.
		However, it was not the particulars of technique which marked the surrealist movement in the visual arts, but an the creation of objects from the imagination, from automatism, or from a number of surrealist techniques.
	physicsdaily.com /physics/Surrealism (3822 words)

	First Surrealist Manifesto
		In fact, it is incredible that this important part of psychic activity has still attracted so little attention.
		Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of association heretofore neglected, in the omnipotence of the dream, and in the disinterested play of thought.
		It leads to the permanent destruction of all other psychic mechanisms and to its substitution for them in the solution of the principal problems of life.
	www.tcf.ua.edu /Classes/Jbutler/T340/F98/SurrealistManifesto.htm (1891 words)

	Colección Cisneros.org
		Following Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis, the Surrealists engaged in “automatic” writing and painting — texts and images that were conceived as a record of the workings of the psyche.
		This liberation from the confines of style and premeditation bestowed their images with a symbolic power.
		They displayed found objects, arranged by “chance,” to represent the incongruous, unexpected, and hallucinatory aspects of everyday encounters.
	www.coleccioncisneros.org /aw_move.asp?ID_Movement=26 (238 words)

	David Lee Labby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Both strains of surrealism/automatism are concerned with suppression of the conscious self in favor of letting the inner space of the subconscious come through.
		entoptic graphomania - is another "automatic" technique of drawing in which dots are made at sites of impurities in a blank sheet of paper and then lines are made to connect the dots.
		The technique of automatism is just a starting point for me. Uncontrolled "scribbles" can be a fine starting point but something unified, something that has a sense of "visual rightness" needs to emerge for a work to have the energy I like.
	www.diversearts.com /painting4.html - !http://www.diversearts.com/painting4.html (1480 words)

	Durozoi, History of the Surrealist Movement, excerpt
		The premises were "decorated," as captured in a famous photograph by Man Ray, with a few paintings (De Chirico: Le Rêve de Tobie; a watercolor by Robert Desnos; a canvas by Max Morise), posters, and, before long, a headless plaster statue of a boar in a stairway.
		But the bureau was anything but a simple place for accomplices to gather, even if their affinity was confirmed daily by the communication of dreams and fantasies and by shared laughter, spontaneous exchange, and the joy of the ongoing discovery: the bureau, like the Manifeste or La Révolution surréaliste, also served a strategic purpose.
		But he immediately insisted on his lack of interest in what "surrealist techniques" might consist of: all that mattered was the result—either those techniques would contribute toward that result or not—and the relation that they would establish with the founding automatism or not.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/174115.html (2062 words)

	Dictionary pure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		-- free of extraneous elements of any kind; "pure air and water"; "pure gold"; "pure primary colors"; "the violin's pure and lovely song"; "pure tones"
		-- (of color) being chromatically pure; not diluted with white or gray or fl
		, vestal, virgin, virginal, virtuous -- in a state of sexual virginity; "pure and vestal modesty"; "a spinster or virgin lady"; "men have decreed that their women must be pure and virginal"
	www.dictionarydefinition.net /pure.html (174 words)

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