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Topic: Purkinje cell

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	AND Corporation
		This is the principal cell of the cerebellum.
		The Purkinje cell body is located in the Purkinje layer between the molecular layer and granule layers.
		It is estimated that ~2 x 1E9 granule cells exist within the cerebellum, located in the deepest cortical layer of the cerebellum called the granular layer.
	www.andcorporation.com /technology_5a.html (495 words)

	Purkinje cell
		These cells are some of the largest neurons in the brain, with an intricately elaborate dendritic arbor, characterized by a large number of dendritic spines.
		Purkinje cells send inhibitory projections to the deep cerebellar nuclei, and constitute the sole output of all motor coordination in the cerebellar cortex.
		Purkinje cells show spontaneous electrophysiological activity in the form of bursts, which may be important for cerebellar function.
	www.mrsci.com /Neuroscience/Purkinje_cell.php (419 words)

	The Cerebellar Circuit in Eyelid Conditioning
		Their activity is influenced by the inhibition of golgi cells and they, in turn, provide excitatory input to the Purkinje cells.
		This nucleus is situated on a bulge of the ventral medullary surface of the brainstem.
		Purkinje cell axons project into the underlying white matter, and provide the only output from the cerebellar cortex.
	nba.uth.tmc.edu /homepage/mmauk/circuit.htm (617 words)

	Purkinje cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Purkinje cells (or Purkinje neurons) are a class of GABAergic neuron located in the cerebellar cortex.
		These cells are some of the largest neurons in the human brain, with an intricately elaborate dendritic arbor, characterized by a large number of dendritic spines.
		Purkinje cells show spontaneous electrophysiological activity in the form of trains of spikes, which may be important for cerebellar function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Purkinje_cell (590 words)

	Black Reaction
		The Purkinje cell of the cerebellum is used as an example to illustrate the revelatory power of the Golgi stain, and why it was and still is important.
		The extension and orientation of dendrites of the Purkinje cells provided a key for the understanding of how the cerebellar cortex is built up and works (the same could be stated for all other structures of the brain, in which how neuronal processes are arranged is the prerequisite for their functioning).
		The 'impact' of the knowledge of the cell architecture and the orientation of its dendrites on the clarification of the structure and function of the cerebellar cortex is explained in this drawing of the cerebellar cortex (D).
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/golgi/black.html (352 words)

	Neuronal Cell Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Purkinje cells are exquisitely sensitive to glutamate ionotropic receptor-mediated toxicity.
		Purkinje cells stain preferentially with antibodies to calcineurin (Usuda, 1996).
		Purkinje cell survival is differentially regulated by metabotropic and ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors.
	www.ionyz.com /culture.html (2070 words)

	The Scientist : Another Chapter in Going from Blood to Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mezey recalls that her first indication that bone marrow cells could become neurons came by accident in the early 1990s when she was trying to determine if microglia came from bone marrow.
		Purkinje neurons, on the other hand, are highly elaborate cells not generated after birth.
		Vallieres, for example, suggests that bone marrow cells, at least in the case of fusion, may in fact be aiding the demise of injured Purkinje neurons.
	www.the-scientist.com /2005/11/7/20/1 (1528 words)

	Article Page
		The total cortex and white matter volume, the cerebellar surface area, the total Purkinje and granule cell number and density, and the mean volume of Purkinje cells and their cell nuclei were measured in all five regions using stereological methods.
		The volume of the granular layer was increased by 13% with an increase in layer thickness by 17% possibly due to oedema, and the mean volume of the Purkinje cell perikaryon was decreased by 24% with a decrease in the volume of Purkinje cell nuclei by 16%.
		The Purkinje cell is a major part of the functions that occur within the cerebellum.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/princiot/articlepage.htm (737 words)

	Cerebellum
		The long fine axons of Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and extend down through the granular layer into the white matter beneath.
		Purkinje cells are found in the region directly under the molecular layer, a homogeneous cell-poor, fiber-rich layer directly under the pia mater, and above the granular layer.
		Purkinje cells appear as large gray-brown colored cells with paler nuclei and intensely fl nucleoli.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab9/lab9cerebellum.html (687 words)

	Cerebellum - Circuitry - Mossy Fibers
		Granule cells have long axons that pass dorsally through the granule and Purkinje, cell layers to reach the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, where they bifurcate and run PARALLEL to the long axis of the folium.
		Each parallel fiber synapses upon and excites the dendritic spines of numerous Purkinje cells, but the synaptic effect of a single parallel fiber upon a Purkinje cell is extremely weak (contrast this with a climbing fiber).
		Well, what is needed is for many mossy fibers to fire rapidly and together, which causes many granule cells to fire together, which turns on lots of parallel fibers which then excite enough of the spines on a Purkinje cell to result in an action potential.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /cere/text/P4/mossy.htm (428 words)

	Cerebellum - Circuitry - Climbing Fibers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Since climbing fibers have synapses all over the dendritic tree of a Purkinje cell, their total excitatory action is extremely strong.
		In fact, the synaptic connection between the climbing fiber and the Purkinje cell is one of the most powerful in the nervous system.
		Climbing fibers are "lazy" (but strong), thus Purkinje cells exhibit complex spikes at a rate of about 1 per second.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /cere/text/P4/climb.htm (281 words)

	Genomics, morphogenesis and biophysics: Triangulation of Purkinje cell development
		The cerebellar Purkinje cells (P-cells) comprise an organelle that is suitable for combined analysis by morphology and genomics, using biophysical tools.
		Redd KJ, Oberdick J, McCoy J, Denker BM, Luo Y (2002) Association and colocalization of G protein alpha subunits and Purkinje cell protein 2 (Pcp2) in mammalian cerebellum.
		Székely G, Matsumoto N (2004): The Purkinje cell of the Fugu rubripes: a Golgi study.
	www.junkdna.com /fractogene/05_simons_pellionisz.html (5456 words)

	Dendritic Growth and Spine Formation in Response to Estrogen in the Developing Purkinje Cell -- Sakamoto et al. 144 ...
		the outgrowth of Purkinje cell dendrites in vitro, an in vivo
		Distal Purkinje dendrites of the tamoxifen-treated animals appeared sparse at higher magnification (D), and the labeled dendritic spine-like structure was lacking (F), unlike the dendrites in the vehicle-treated animals (C and E).
		Phases in the maturation of Purkinje cells and of the molecular layer.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/10/4466 (7263 words)

	Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
		Examination of patients with anti-Purkinje cell antibodies, especially anti-Yo, is usually dominated by a rapidly progressive unsteadiness, and downbeating nystagmus.
		Pathological examination often reveals profound loss of Purkinje cells, which are the output cells for the cerebellum.
		Recent work has suggested that cytotoxic T cells are responsible for the damage to the cerebellar Purkinje cells (Albert et al, 2000).
	www.tchain.com /otoneurology/disorders/central/pcd.htm (635 words)

	Developmental Changes in Evoked Purkinje Cell Complex Spike Responses -- Nicholson and Freeman 90 (4): 2349 -- Journal ...
		A: a complex spike from a single Purkinje cell elicited by periorbital stimulation on a single stimulus presentation (top) and overlaid records of that same Purkinje cell complex spike during 10 subsequent stimulus presentations (bottom).
		Purkinje cell with a bin width of 10 ms.
		Sakurai M. Synaptic modification of parallel fibre-Purkinje cell transmission in in vitro guinea pig cerebellar slices.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/4/2349 (5144 words)

	A comparison of transient outward currents in canine cardiac Purkinje cells and ventricular myocytes -- Han et al. 279 ...
		Figure 1 shows the behavior of a typical Purkinje cell AP after the onset of stimulation at 2 Hz.
		Inhibition of Purkinje cell and ventricular myocyte I
		Purkinje cell notch (24), which is due to the slow recovery
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/2/H466 (4486 words)

	Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebellum
		The Purkinje cells have a definite orientation in the foliae.
		The dendritic trees of the Purkinje cells are fan-shaped in the transverse plane of the foliae.
		Cerebellar Neurons Are Stimulatory or Inhibitory on Purkinje Cells
	staff.um.edu.mt /acus1/Cerebellum.htm (473 words)

	Propagation of {gamma}PKC translocation along the dendrites of Purkinje cell in {gamma}PKC-GFP transgenic mice -- Sakai ...
		in a Purkinje cell, cerebellar LTD and adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular
		PKC was abundant in all Purkinje cells (Fig. 3B).
		PKC-GFP was localized throughout the Purkinje cells, especially in the cell bodies and dendritic shaft, although it was clearly expressed in the peripheral branches of dendrites (A).
	www.genestocellsonline.org /cgi/content/full/9/10/945 (4713 words)

	Purkinje cell activity in the cerebellar anterior lobe after rabbit eyeblink conditioning -- Green and Steinmetz 12 ...
		The activity of this Purkinje cell across 250-msec and 750-msec trials is depicted in Figure 5A,B, respectively.
		by inhibition in the population of anterior lobe Purkinje cells
		Armstrong, D.M. and Edgley, S.A. Discharges of Purkinje cells in the paravermal part of the cerebellar anterior lobe during locomotion in the cat.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/12/3/260 (6875 words)

	Compartmental Modeling of the Purkinje and Olivary Neurons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We modeled the interaction between two neurons in the cerebellar cortex, a Purkinje cell and an Inferior Olivary neuron.
		The Purkinje cell is one of the largest neurons in the cerebellar cortex and it is unique in that it receives more synaptic inputs than any other neuron in the brain.
		The complex spike is caused by the activation of calcium channels in the dendrite during a prolonged dendritic spike.
	www.evl.uic.edu /EVL/SHOWCASE/spiff/neurons.html (499 words)

	Bone marrow, nerve cell fusion may repair damage
		This Purkinje cell glows brightly after fusing with a bone marrow cell that produces a fluorescent protein.
		She had also shown that mature cells in a lab dish can fuse with other cell types and take on characteristics of those cells.
		When the group transplanted mice with bone marrow cells that only produce green protein when Purkinje cell genes are active, they discovered fluorescent green Purkinje cells.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2003/october22/marrow.html (650 words)

	Transgene-driven expression of the Doppel protein in Purkinje cells causes Purkinje cell degeneration and motor ...
		Transgene-driven expression of the Doppel protein in Purkinje cells causes Purkinje cell degeneration and motor impairment -- Anderson et al.
		Dpl on Purkinje cells was not counteracted by the expression
		At P1, no loss of Purkinje cells as determined by Calbindin immunostaining (C and D) and regular thickness of the external (eEGL) and inner (iEGL) part of the EGL, as identified by p27 immunostaining, which identifies committed postmitotic EGL neurons, in contrast to the still-proliferating p27-negative eEGL (E and F).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/10/3644 (3969 words)

	Impaired motor coordination and Purkinje cell excitability in mice lacking calretinin -- Schiffmann et al. 96 (9): 5257 ...
		Purkinje cells was not related to an increase of calbindin-D28k
		The extracellular activity of Purkinje cells was explored in vivo in 2- to 4-month-old (A and B) and 2- to 2.5-year-old (n = 3-4 per group) (C and D) mice.
		Purkinje cells is highly suggestive of an impairment of Ca homeostasis in these cells.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/9/5257 (4618 words)

	Thyroid Hormone Induces Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Dendritic Development via the Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha}1 -- ...
		Purkinje cells were visualized by immunostaining with an antibody against calbindin D28k and a Cy3-coupled secondary antibody.
		for TR 1 and TR 1 mRNA in calbindin-positive Purkinje cells (Fig.
		Purkinje cells purified from wild-type (WT) or TR mice were cultured with granule cells purified from TR or wild-type mice and treated with or without 1 n
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/33/10604 (5905 words)

	Purkinje cell activity in the cerebellar anterior lobe after rabbit eyeblink conditioning -- Green and Steinmetz 12 ...
		Purkinje cell activity in the cerebellar anterior lobe after rabbit eyeblink conditioning -- Green and Steinmetz 12 (3): 260 -- Learning and Memory
		cells in recording areas were found to project to the interpositus nucleus.
		Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs acquisition and extinction of eyeblink conditioning.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/abstract/12/3/260 (310 words)

	GFP in Purkinje cell
		G-substrate is specifically localized in cerebellar Purkinje cells (diameter of 30 m in mice), which are the largest neurons in the mammalian central nervous system.
		Cerebellar Purkinje cells is thought to be a essential neuronal component for these brain functions.
		In the picture, the Purkinje cell bodies have strong green fluorescence and a round shape.
	www.irp.oist.jp /lm/GFP_in_Purkinje_cell.html (213 words)

	Bone marrow fusion with nerve cells may repair damage, Stanford researchers say
		Helen Blau, PhD, the Donald E. and Delia B. Baxter Professor of Pharmacology, had previously shown that transplanted bone marrow cells can wind their way up to the brain in humans where they take on characteristics of Purkinje cells - large cells in the part of the brain that controls muscular movement and balance.
		In her most recent work, published in the Oct. 16 advance online issue of Nature Cell Biology, Blau showed that the bone marrow cells in mice fuse with existing Purkinje cells and activate genes normally made in Purkinje cell nuclei.
		When the group transplanted mice with bone marrow cells that only glow green when Purkinje cell genes are active, they found normal-looking Purkinje cells that glowed green.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-10/sumc-bmf101503.php (622 words)

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