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Topic: Pusher propeller

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	Pusher configuration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An aircraft constructed with a pusher configuration has the engine mounted with the propeller facing backwards such that the aircraft is "pushed" through the air, as opposed to the tractor configuration in which the aircraft is "pulled" through the air.
		In the early years of the First World War pushers were favoured by the British because they enabled a forward-firing gun to be used without being obstructed by the arc of the propeller.
		Single-engine pushers usually had the engine mounted on the centreline at the rear of the aircraft's nacelle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pusher_configuration (1109 words)

	Vertical/short takeoff or landing aircraft having a rotatable wing and tandem supporting surfaces - Patent 5098034
		The propellers are located to cause practically their entire airstream to flow into the confined passage in which are positioned the planes.
		The canard wing airfoil and the axis of the propellers maintain an attitude that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage 12.
		During conventional flight operations, the primary wing 16 is rotated to a position approximately paralleling the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and operates in the manner of conventional aircraft wherein lateral control is obtained by the ailerons 46, with or without the aid of the spoilers 48.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5098034.html (3854 words)

	RV PROFILE
		Pusher engine/propeller aircraft are designed to "push" the plane through the air while a tractor configured aircraft "pulls" the plane through the air.
		If the pusher engine and propeller are located near the trailing edge of the wing, this problem is minimized, but others are encountered: i.e.: the blunt shape of the aft fuselage and the need to build a more complex twin boom arrangement.
		Locating the propeller at the extreme rear of the airplane, behind the tail surfaces, optimizes streamlining but requires a complex, heavy, and expensive drive shaft system between the engine and propeller.
	www.scs.unr.edu /~ged/rvprofile.htm (1050 words)

	Roadable airplane drive through an automotive transaxle - Patent 6131848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		wherein the propeller is coupled to a first output from the automotive four-wheel drive transaxle and the traction wheels are differentially coupled to a second output from the automotive four-wheel drive transaxle, the propeller being coupled to the traction wheels through the transaxle in a fixed gear ratio.
		A collar is splined to the aft end of the stub shaft, and the propeller hub is bolted to the collar.
		Supposing the propeller were feathered for zero thrust and the rear wheels received full power (and the friction coefficient of the tires were 1.0), the torque available at low speed could provide an initial acceleration of about 1.0 g.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6131848.html (6205 words)

	Propeller Configurations
		Aircraft have had two types of propeller configurations: pusher propellers and tractor propellers.
		The U.S. Army banned this type of propeller configuration in late 1914 after several pilots died in crashes of planes of this type.
		Tractor aircraft have the engine and propeller at the front of the aircraft where the thrust draws or pulls the airplane.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/Propeller_Design/DI62.htm (190 words)

	LINCOLN BEACHEY - Pioneer Aviation - Frequently Asked Questions
		"Pusher" aeroplanes had their propeller or propellers behind the wings, thereby 'pushing' the aeroplanes forward.
		Aeroplanes with a propellers or propellers in front of the wings were known as "Tractor" aeroplanes, meaning they pulled the aeroplane through the air.
		"Headless pusher" aeroplanes were therefore ones with a pusher propeller or pusher propellers and without a front elevator.
	lincolnbeachey.com /lbfaq.html (1138 words)

	Aero Composites Inc. Advanced Technology Propellers
		With the new composite propeller, I have excellent climb performance, cruise speed has increased by 10 mph, and propeller noise is reduced (composite prop is 4-inches shorter in diameter prop than the aluminum prop).
		Propeller rpm and blade length affect 1) propeller blade tip speed, where it is desirable to stay subsonic (e.g.
		propellers are offered by a given propeller manufacturer, then for a given engine horsepower, then their 2-bladed propeller will generally give somewhat higher cruise speed (less total blade area/drag) than the 3-bladed propeller.
	www.aerocomposites.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=home.viewPage&page_id=E36FDA21-5004-D739-A5792799EC7B5445 (1697 words)

	AERADE
		Then the effects of propeller installation, in tractor or pusher configuration, on propeller thrust and airframe drag is discussed for propeller-nacelle and propeller-nacelle-wing combinations, and the different thrust definitions commonly applied to the tractor propeller-nacelle situation in the US and UK are explained.
		It applies to smoothly contoured bodies with a tractor propeller at or near the nose or a pusher propeller at or near the tail and the propellers may be counter-rotating.
		It provides for the separate estimation of forces on the propeller and on the nacelle/wing/flap and requires a knowledge of the geometry and of the power-off lift and drag of the nacelle/wing/flap.
	aerade.cranfield.ac.uk /subject-listing/esdu/ES70.html (857 words)

	Aerodynamic Efficiency: Tractor Propeller verses Pusher Propeller - PPRuNe Forums
		Generally, all airplanes would be pushers if the engine package could be properly fitted, but engine cooling and CG packaging generally favor the nose engine design as the lightest weight solution, so the slightly greater losses as a tractor prop are actually the best balanced design for the aircraft.
		One of the advantages of a pusher prop is that it can be a folding one, thereby minimizing drag and contact with foreign objects at slow speeds.
		The idea of the pusher propeller obtaining an advantage from the increased mass flow, due to the rotor generated translational lift is an interesting one.
	www.pprune.org /forums/showthread.php?p=2916078 (1846 words)

	1079 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The central portion of the single propeller, or the inner quadrants of the twin propellers, should be considered for use as the engine's cooling fan.
		if the propeller had cyclic and both positive and negative pitch and the engine cooling was located in the upper quadrant of the propeller disk, then 'a type of longitudinal cyclic will vary the engine cooling and forward thrust while a type of lateral cyclic will assist with yaw.
		If the propeller is to be foldable then the blades will not be near the rim during landing and takeoff therefore the rim could be a fiberglass construction and thereby off a 'spring' to the supports.
	www.synchrolite.com /1079.html (3031 words)

	Special Conditions; The King's Engineering Fellowship Model 44 Airplane
		Additionally, because the propeller is located aft of the engine, if exhaust gases are discharged into the propeller disc, they may adversely effect the strength and fatigue characteristics of the propeller material.
		Because of the aft propeller location, passengers and ground personnel may be less aware of the proximity of the propeller blades.
		Each pusher propeller must be marked so that both sides of the disc are conspicuous under normal daylight ground conditions.
	www.airweb.faa.gov /Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgSC.nsf/0/2EE51E899689AC1286256C4400431D9E?OpenDocument (1054 words)

	Aircraft Designs, Inc: Index.
		This is especially true if the gyroplane body pitching motion falls sufficiently out of phase with the blade disk oscillations, in which case the porpoising could cause an impact between the rotor disk and the pusher propeller [2].
		The blade disk and gyroplane body are found to remain fairly well in-phase during the porpoising motion, so impact between the rotor and propeller should not normally occur unless the mode is allowed to grow to very large amplitudes.
		The thrust is assumed to remain constant during the pitching motion of the gyroplane.
	www.aircraftdesigns.com /gyro3.html (1184 words)

	FAA FAR Part 23 (Subpart E)- Powerplant
		(e) All areas of the airplane forward of the pusher propeller that are likely to accumulate and shed ice into the propeller disc during any operating condition must be suitably protected to prevent ice formation, or it must be shown that any ice shed into the propeller disc will not create a hazardous condition.
		In addition to the clearances specified in paragraph (a) of this section, an airplane with an aft mounted propeller must be designed such that the propeller will not contact the runway surface when the airplane is in the maximum pitch attitude attainable during normal takeoffs and landings.
		Propellers (except wooden propellers) and other components of complete engine installations must be protected against the accumulation of ice as necessary to enable satisfactory functioning without appreciable loss of thrust when operated in the icing conditions for which certification is requested.
	www.astech-engineering.com /systems/avionics/aircraft/faapart23e.html (14236 words)

	Product Tip of the Month - February 2002
		With the propeller in that position, go to the location of the sensor and use it as the 0 or 360 degree index point.
		If the propeller is successfully balanced but a vibration is still felt in the airframe, conduct a vibration survey to determine if the vibration is being caused by the propeller or other components.
		The vibration amplitude at the turning speed of the propeller should be approximately the same as the amplitude of the verification run of the balance job (after the final solution is added).
	www.acessystems.com /tipfeb02.htm (538 words)

	Hartzell Propeller Press Room
		This recent FAA regulation requires all new pusher propeller installations, such as the aft propeller on the Adam A500, to ingest airframe ice shed during an inadvertent icing encounter without causing a hazardous condition.
		Despite the severity of the test, the propeller’s structural integrity and critical feathering functions were maintained, passing the FAA’s requirements.
		The propellers for the innovative aircraft are 78-inch diameter, 3-bladed designs utilizing the company’s proprietary blended airfoil technology that allows for optimization of the airfoil along the entire length of the blade.
	www.hartzellprop.com /pressroom/pr_htm/p_12_28_04.htm (636 words)

	i-Newswire.com - Press Release And News Distribution - Understand Torsional Vibration in Propeller Drive Systems
		Reduction drives, drive trains and pusher propeller possibly aggravate torsional vibration to dangerous levels.
		This is why reduction drives are introduced, to lower the propeller RPM to more efficient levels.
		Each the engine, reduction drive and propeller have their own natural vibration frequencies.
	i-newswire.com /pr51529.html (545 words)

	FIREPOWER Messerschmitt Me 334 Interceptor
		The engine was installed in the nose, but drove a pusher propeller on the tail.
		With the addition of the large, heavy engine in the plane's nose, coupled with the tremendous torque of the pusher propeller, it would have been very difficult to fly and would have required a good deal of retrimming as airspeed changed, particularly with respect to rudder and aileron trim.
		Changing the powerplant from a jet to a propeller would have had drastic effects on the handling.
	www.shockwaveproductions.net /firepower/manual/me334.htm (696 words)

	Propellers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The safest place to stand is behind the aircraft, except for pusher propeller installations.
		If a spinner is used, be certain that it's edges are not in contact with the propeller blades.
		Propeller pitch is the theoretical distance travelled along the axis of rotation of a propeller during one revolution.
	www.glue-it.com /aircraft/general-information/glossary/p/propellers.htm (278 words)

	Pusher propellers ("highflyer", Erik Shilling) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It seems that the > propellor was flexing as it went in and out of the wing's wake and > that could cause the metal to become brittle (crystallize?) and > possibly snap off.
		Problems include air inflow into the prop disk, effect of lowering the pressure in front of the prop disk, as well as wake traversal problems causing varying loads in the prop blades.
		Most of my information on pusher designs and relationship to the structure ahead of the prop comes from Percy Spencer, who did a lot of work with pusher designs of all different types.
	www.yarchive.net /air/pusher_prop.html (484 words)

	is a PUSHER Propeller is a "regular" Propeller ? - RC Groups
		A real pusher prop is made the opposite way round to a regular prop.
		If the motor you are using is a pusher motor, reverse timed, then you use a standard prop.
		If not, you would use a pusher prop which has the pitch reversed on the blades.
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?t=219306 (406 words)

	[hpv-boats] Pelican Propeller's Progress
		Aircraft pushers have such turbulent air near the hub that there is not much to gain.
		The propellers roots seemed to taper to > nothing as they approached the cone, then smoothly tapered outward in a > sloping radius and then gracefully flowed into the cone shape so that all the > blades appeared to join into one unified tapering starfish like pattern.
		This Pelican propeller should nail down the low > shaft RPM bench mark, and this spring I'll have the cadence/prop-pitch speedo > (theoretical boat speed based on propellers rate of advancement X shaft > speed) and the GPS.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/hpv-boats/2001q1/000842.html (1166 words)

	Curtiss HS2L
		Two propellers were stacked on top of each other (note the additional hole on the bolt hole circle used for an alignment pin) to make the 4 blade pusher propeller that was used on the Liberty 375 HP engine.
		The tips are covered in fabric in addition to the copper sheathing, although in this propeller the fabric is unpainted and difficult to see in the photo.
		An excellent example of this propeller and the aircraft it powered can be seen at the Canadian Aviation Museum in Ottawa.
	www.woodenpropeller.com /Curtiss_HS2L.html (179 words)

	Saab 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After the proposal had been handed in, Frid Wänström pointed out that using a pusher propeller, better vision across the nose and more concentrated armament could be achieved.
		Layout was a pusher prop right behind the cockpit, twin booms and a tall landing gear with nose wheel.
		Since the propeller was placed behind the pilot, an escape system was needed, the form chosen was an ejection seat.
	www.canit.se /~griffon/aviation/text/21saab.htm (854 words)

	V/STOL Rotorcraft \| Louis Breguet
		At the end of the 1950s, the French Army showed an interest in flying vehicles for troop transports, assault and reconnaissance, but expecting them to be simpler than helicopters.
		The first project was a twin-rotor system with a pusher propeller in a ducted ring at the rear
		Propellers: pusher propeller in a ducted ring at the rear
	www.aiaa.org /tc/vstol/unbuilt/breguet/index_r.html (268 words)

	Göppingen Gö 9 Luft '46 entry
		An aircraft testbed was commissioned in order to prove the feasibility of a pusher propeller driven by an extension shaft.
		A cruciform tail unit was designed, with the bottom fin being supplied with a small wheel which acted as a tail bumper to keep the rear propeller from striking the ground on takeoff.
		A long extension shaft ran the length of the rear fuselage and drove the four-bladed pusher propeller.
	www.luft46.com /prototyp/go9.html (490 words)

	Mini-Sniffer ECN-4898: Mini-Sniffer II in Flight
		The Mini-Sniffer was a remotely controlled, propeller-driven vehicle developed at the NASA Flight Research Center (which became the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, in 1976) as a potential platform to sample the upper atmosphere for pollution.
		The vehicle, flown from 1975 to 1977, was one of the earliest attempts by NASA to develop an aircraft that could sense turbulence and measure natural and human-produced atmospheric pollutants at altitudes above 80,000 feet with a variable-load propeller that was never flight-tested.
		All three versions used a pusher propeller to free the nose area for an atmospheric-sampling payload.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Gallery/photo/Mini-Sniffer/HTML/ECN-4898.html (360 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It had two pusher propellers, and space for one pilot.
		On June 25th 1946, the XB-35 was at last ready to fly (after a number of difficulties with the propellers) at Hawthorne Field, CA -- the Northrop company field.
		Ho II - 1934 - initially a glider, it fitted with a pusher propeller in 1935.
	bedlam.rutgers.edu /ufo/disk-shaped.airplanes (2282 words)

	Radio and Remote Control Hobbies Tips and News model airplane radio control pusher propeller
		When you are looking for top-quality information about model airplane radio control pusher propeller, you'll find it difficult sorting out quality information from reckless model airplane radio control pusher propeller proposals and help so it's astute to know how to judge the information you are presented with.
		A good hint to follow when you're presented with information and advice about a model airplane radio control pusher propeller web site would be to confirm the sites ownership.
		This may show you the people behind the site model airplane radio control pusher propeller credentials The easiest way to reveal who owns the model airplane radio control pusher propeller site is to look for the 'about' page.
	www.remotecontrolledhobbies.com /model-airplane-radio-control-pusher-propeller.htm (281 words)

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