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Topic: Pushtu language

	Pushtu - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		PUSHTU, the language of the Pathan races of Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier province of India.
		Thus Pukhtu is spoken in Bajour, Swat and Buner, and by the Yusufzais, Bangash, Orakzais, Afridis and Mohmands; while Pushtu is spoken by the Waziris, Khattaks, Marwats and various minor tribes in the south.
		Pushtu was spoken in the North-West Frontier province in 1901 by 1,142,011 persons, or 54% of the population.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pushtu (260 words)

	Pushtu language (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pushtu (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan.
		Pushtu is presently classified in the East-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		It is alongside Persian, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, spoken largely in the south, east and a few provinces in the north.
	publicliterature.org.cob-web.org:8888 /en/wikipedia/p/pu/pushtu_language.html (250 words)

	Minority language - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The accommodation of minority languages in national education and legal systems, or mass media and communication, is contentious because of tacit or official rules of privilege and belonging.
		In Pakistan the violent protests against the imposition of Urdu and the national language prompted the inclusion of languages such as Punjabi and Pushtu to be recognized as official languages.
		Sometimes a minority language, if it is the tongue of a colonial power, can be a national language, and debates can arise when the native speakers of other languages wish to reduce the public space allowed to minority official languages.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php?title=Minority_language (495 words)

	Pushtu - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Pushtu
		Another name for the Pashto language of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan.
		Otherwise' - this was in Pushtu for decency's sake -'thou wouldst have ended thy meditations upon the sultry side of Hell - being an unbeliever and an idolater for all thy child's simplicity.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Pushtu (96 words)

	The Middle East
		Turkish, formerly known as the Ottoman language, is the language of the Turks.
		Pushtu is the language of the Afghans and one of the 2 state languages of Afghanistan.
		Hebrew is a semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup and the official language of Israel.
	www.east-link.com /meast.html (481 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Languages that are scattered around the world as their speakers are part of diasporas.
		The Indo-European languages tend to be inflected (ie verbs and nouns have different endings depending on their part in a sentence).
		Armenian is spoken in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (an enclave in Azerbaijan).
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1875 words)

	Pakistan Link - Amjad Hussain
		War, genocide, natural calamities and rise of a dominant language and culture in a multi-ethnic society is one; governmental support of one language at the expense of other smaller languages is another.
		Surprisingly the interaction of various foreign and native languages in the army camps of the Central Asian Moguls gave birth to a new camp language.
		The language was brought back from the edge of extinction by reintroducing the language in public schools and encouraging its use in public.
	www.pakistanlink.com /sah/08032001.html (758 words)

	Pashto language Summary
		Pashto, or Pakhto, is a language that has its origins in the northeastern group of the Iranian languages; it is considered the language of the Pashtun people.
		Not only is it one of the official languages spoken in Afghanistan (Dari is the other official language), but other communities, such as the people in the North West Frontier and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan, speak it as well.
		Pashto became one of the official languages of Afghanistan as late as 1936.
	www.bookrags.com /Pashto_language (1282 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	Cómo aprender pushtu mediante un intercambio de idiomas en línea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Página principal > Aprender > Aprenda a hablar pushtu
		Depende de su nivel de pushtu y sus objetivos de aprendizaje.
		Haga clic aquí para ver todos los miembros hablantes de pushtu.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /Learn_spn/Type_Ex.asp?HU=Pashto.asp (620 words)

	PUSHTU - Online Information article about PUSHTU
		In Afghanistan it is the dominant language, but is not spoken west of the See also:
		Bangash, Orakzais, Afridis and Mohmands; while Pushtu is spoken by the Waziris, Khattaks, Marwats and various See also:
		Pushtu was spoken in the North-West Frontier province in 19o1 by 1,142,011 persons, or 54% of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PRE_PYR/PUSHTU.html (299 words)

	History of Pushto language
		The variation in spelling of the language's name (Pashto, Pukhto, etc.) stems from the different pronunciations in the various dialects of the second consonant in the word; for example, it is a retroflex [sh] in the Kandahari dialect, and a palatal fricative in the Kabuli dialect.
		As the language of an Islamic people, Pashto also contains a high number of borrowings from Arabic; among educated speakers, the Arabic plurals of borrowed nouns are frequently maintained.
		In Afghanistan, Pashto is second in prestige to Dari, the Persian dialect spoken natively in the north and west.
	www.afghan-network.net /Ethnic-Groups/pashtu-history.html (976 words)

	The Pakhtu/Pashto Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Indo-Iranian languages are spoken in a wide area stretching from portions of eastern Turkey and eastern Iraq to western India.
		The variation in spelling of the language's name (Pashto, Pukhtu, Pakhtu etc.) stems from the different pronunciations in the various dialects of the second consonant in the word; for example, it is a retroflex [sh] in the Kandahari dialect, and a palatal fricative in the Kabuli dialect.
		As the language of an Islamic people, Pushto/Pakhtu also contains a high number of borrowings from Arabic; among educated speakers, the Arabic plurals of borrowed nouns are frequently maintained.
	www.pakhtun.com /pakhtuLanguage.htm (990 words)

	Dari language resources
		He then adds that Dari is the official language of the royal courts and the language of Khorasan and Balkh and eastern Iran; Parsi is the language of the Moobeds of Fars ; Khuzi is the unofficial...
		The textbooks are printed in the Afghan languages of Pushtu and Dari and will be accompanied with teachers' kits and other school supplies.
		The Dari Language Project is a research organization dedicated to the study of the Dari language (also Gabri, Behdinan), spoken by the Zoroastrian population of Iran.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Dari.html (1216 words)

	Pushtu language - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pushtu is presently classified in the Southeastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Pushtu is spoken by about 17 million people in the south, east and a few northern provinces of Afghanistan, as well as the western provinces of Pakistan.
		Pushtu is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
	education.music.us.cob-web.org:8888 /P/Pushtu-language.htm (475 words)

	Origin of the Indo-European languages: Part V (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the Middle Age, Persian language was spread to the East as a common tongue.
		Outside Persia, the Persian language is spoken in a vast region of Afghanistan and Turkestan.
		In the valleys of Pamir, the groups speaking Iranian language are lost in the middle of towns and villages that speak in Turkish and Indian dialects.
	www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar /english/linguistics/origin5.html (1478 words)

	Learn Pushtu - Pushtu Books and Courses
		Each Pushtu word is written in Pushtu script then and romanized, with definitions and easy to read printing.
		A Grammar of the Pukhto, Pushto, or Language of the Afghans
		A grammar of Pushto by H.G. Raverty, the author of the comprehensive dictionary of Pushtu.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /pushtu.html (1056 words)

	Pashto language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pashto is classified as an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Pashto or Afghani is one of the official languages in the western provinces of Pakistan as well as, the national language of Afghanistan as late as 1936.
		A related language spoken in many areas of northern Afghanistan is Persian, known in its Afghan context as Dari.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pushtu_language (991 words)

	About Afghanistan - Travel, Maps, Flag and Information
		The Afghan dialect of the Persian language Dari derives from "Farsi-e Darbari", meaning 'Persian of the royal courts'.
		Many of the famous Persian language poets of 10th to 15th centuries stem from what is now known as Afghanistan.
		Examples are Mawlvi Balkhi (Rumi), born and educated in the Balkh province in the 13th century and moved to today’s Istanbul, Sanaayi Ghaznavi (12th century, native of Ghazni provice), Jami Heravi (15th century, native of Jam-e-Herat in western Afghanistan), Nizam ud-Din Ali Sher Heravi Nava'i, (15th century, Heart province).
	www.canadiancontent.net /profiles/Afghanistan.html (1260 words)

	Pushtu language (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan.
		Pashto is presently classified in the Southeastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		It is spoken by circa 35% of Afghanistan population who are of the Pashtun tribe, as well as by ethnic Pashtuns who live on the other side of the disputed Durand Line in present day Pakistan (ca.
	pushtu-language.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (833 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		It is established that Hindko is a dominant language in the divisions of Hazara and Dera Ismail Khan and is spoken widely in areas of Peshawar, Kohat and Bannu.
		It is ironic that the Pushtu language and the Pushtun culture were introduced to outside world, particularly to rest of the country and the world by Farigh Bukhari and Raza Hamdani, two Hindkowan Peshawari writers and poets.
		Now the irony of the whole situation is that Dillip Kumar and his family had not lived in Peshawar for over sixty years, but he understood the dynamics of the dominant language and culture and was reluctant to offend their sensitivities in the process of preserving his own language and culture.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Letters/98/Feb/20/02.html (1805 words)

	languagehat.com
		Languages I have studied and could recover but which are not actively available at the moment: Georgian, Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), Swahili
		For those who are familiar with a given language and might be curious, I will identify some of the major dictionaries thus: Serbo-Croatian D (Benson).
		But he's writing about language, and his only claim to your attention is the idea that he knows more about it than you do.
	www.languagehat.com /languages.php (2027 words)

	Afghanistan Online: Languages Spoken in Afghanistan
		Pashto and Dari (Afghan Persian/Farsi) are the official languages of Afghanistan.
		Pashto was declared the National Language of the country during the beginning of Zahir Shah's reign, however, Dari has always been used for business and government transactions.
		Turkic languages (Uzbek and Turkmen) are spoken by about 11 percent of the population.
	www.afghan-web.com /language (282 words)

	Rosetta Stone Language Learning Software and more learn pushtu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pushtu: language belonging to the Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian...
		Pashtopsh't, Pushtu-too, or Afghan, language belonging to the Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		language of Iran, Urdu, the language of Pakistan, Pushtu, the language of Afghanistan, and Kurdish, the language of...
	www.robhillman.com /trs-language/learn-pushtu.html (1020 words)

	Alphabet Soup
		The major ones include Persian, the language of Iran, Urdu, the language of Pakistan, Pushtu, the language of Afghanistan, and Kurdish, the language of the Kurdish people who live in Turkey, Iran and Iraq.
		In all, about 100 languages around the world are or were written in the Arabic script, including some African languages and many central and south Asian ones.
		The Semitic languages include many ancient languages such as Babylonian and Assyrian as well as Hebrew, Arabic, Amharic, the language of Ethiopia, and Aramaic, which is the language Jesus spoke.
	mec.sas.upenn.edu /marhaba/resource/alphabet.html (1069 words)

	MavicaNET - Pashto (Pushtu)
		The main literature language of Afghanistan and an important tongue in Pakistan, Pashto is spoken by 25 million people, and is divided into plenty of dialects, of which southern, western and northern groups are the widest.
		Pashto is closely related to Pamir languages, with one significant phonetic feature: the retroflexive consonants t., d., n., r.
		Pushtu, language belonging to the Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/ukr/1225.html (255 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It has been attested from the beginning of the 16th century and became prominent after the creation of the Afghan state in the 18th century.
		In 1936 Pashtu was declared the national and official language of Afghanistan, and instruction in it is now compulsory.
		Pashto literature exists from the 7th century The first Psshtu poem that has bee documented was writen in the 7th century by Amir Karoor (Le Ma Atal Nashta).
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Language.Pashto.shtm (215 words)

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