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Topic: Putonghua

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Putonghua language

Mandarin

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	Standard Mandarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the handovers of Hong Kong [1] and Macau, the term Putonghua is used in those Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China.
		In implementation, however, standard Mandarin is sometimes given the aura of the "only right language", and other languages or dialects, both Chinese and non-Chinese, have shown signs of greatly losing ground to standard Mandarin, to the chagrin of many local culture proponents.
		Some in Taiwan, especially proponents of Taiwan independence, also object to the term Guoyu to refer to standardized Mandarin, on the grounds that the "nation" referred to in the name of the language is China and that Taiwan is or should be independent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Putonghua (3361 words)

	Putonghua
		Putonghua 普通話 (pu3 tong1 hua4) was adopted by the People's Republic of China as the official pronunciation of Chinese words.
		The theory behind putonghua is radicially different from the theory behind guoyu.
		Putonghua and guoyu refer to speech and hence the difference in the use of simplified characters and traditional characters is not usually considered to be a difference between these two concepts.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pu/Putonghua.html (124 words)

	Mandarin (linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Putonghua, but known instead as Huayu, is also one of four official languages in Singapore.
		From an official point of view, there are two versions of standardized Mandarin, since the Beijing government refers to that on the Mainland as Putonghua(普通話; simplified: 普通话; pinyin: pǔtōnghuà; "the common dialect"), whereas the Taipei government refers to their official language as Kuo-yü(國語; simplified: 国语; pinyin: guóyǔ; "the national language").
		Standard putonghua has a T-V distinction between the polite and informal versions of you, that comes from Beijing dialect.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/mandarin__linguistics_ (3682 words)

	Talk:Mandarin (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		8 On Mandarin or on putonghua / Guoyu?
		Putonghua / Guoyu are the standardized versions of it, meaning the pronounced differences is axed away.
		My other suggestion would be to merge Putonghua and Guoyu, since they are basically used interchangeably in everyday speech and that other than the pronunciation of a few words, they are basically completely identical.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Mandarin_(linguistics) (8861 words)

	China Travel Tips: Chinese Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Putonghua, which means "common language" is the country's predominant language and is widely used by more than 70 percent of the population.
		Putonghua is variously referred to as the "Han language" (hanyu), "Mandarin", or simply Chinese.
		About two-thirds of the Han people are native speakers of Putonghua, while Han people who come from the southwestern and southeastern sections of China often speak Putonghua as well as their own dialects, such as Shanghaiese and Cantonese.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /essential/language.htm (326 words)

	Canadian Journal of Communication - Vol. 26, No. 1 (2001)
		The Putonghua channel has been and continues to be used to bridge the gap between the local Cantonese-speaking population and the Putonghua-speaking immigrants and government officials from mainland China.
		Putonghua is one of the four primary influences on Hong Kong's culture (Lee, 1991), but for a number of years leading up to 1997, Putonghua had been viewed by Hong Kong people as the language of the lower class, the poor, and the uneducated (Ma, 1999).
		For this project, so-called "Putonghua Ambassadors" are appointed each year to visit government departments and test the Putonghua level of the staff.
	www.cjc-online.ca /viewarticle.php?id=624&layout=html (3892 words)

	CICE - 5(2) Ingulsrud/Allen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When teachers began their lessons in Putonghua, they exhorted the importance of a common language for China: Putonghua provides the means by which everyone in the nation communicates.
		It is for this reason that Putonghua is taught in schools, and reading and writing are taught in the context of the spoken standard language.
		Another label we observed on the campus was 普通话是教师职业语言 ‘Putonghua is the professional language of teachers.’ These kinds of reminders indicate that there are degrees of resistance to standard language forms both in speech and writing (Ingulsrud and Allen, 1999).
	www.tc.columbia.edu /cICE/articles/ka152.htm (5306 words)

	Encyclopedia: Putonghua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Standard Mandarin is officially known in mainland China as Putonghua (Simplified Chinese: 普通话; Hanyu Pinyin: Pǔtōnghuà, literally "ordinary speech"), in Taiwan as Guoyu (Traditional Chinese: 國語; Tongyong Pinyin: Guóyǔ, Wade-Giles: Kuo-yü, literally "national language"), and in Malaysia and Singapore as Huayu (Traditional Chinese: 華語; Simplified Chinese: 华语;; Hanyu Pinyin: huáyǔ;, literally "the Chinese language").
		In practice, the actual colloquial pronunciation in Beijing dialect is not identical to Putonghua, and Chinese speakers can tell the difference between a speaker of Beijing dialect and a speaker of Standard Mandarin.
		Instead the term Putonghua (ordinary speech), with the implication that Putonghua is simply a lingua franca.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Putonghua (2981 words)

	[No title]
		Putonghua is now a requirement for all teachers and is used in government operations, the mass media, and public events.
		To enter the civil service, candidates must pass a putonghua test, while teachers must obtain certain levels of proficiency in the language before they are allowed to teach.
		Putonghua must also be used in government operations, the mass media and at public events.
	yaleglobal.yale.edu /article.print?id=4441 (919 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:cmn
		Putonghua is the official form taught in schools.
		Hezhouhoua is spoken in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of southern Gansu Province, and in neighboring areas in Qinghai Province.
		Putonghua is inherently intelligible with the Beijing dialect, and other Mandarin varieties in the northeast.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=cmn (580 words)

	WAIS - World Affairs Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Putonghua is the official language - literally "putong" meaning "common" and "hua" meaning "language." It is essentially what the West has long called Mandarin, and Taiwan and some other non-mainland places still call the National Language (Guoyu).
		I have known putonghua speakers and those whose native language is a different dialect who don't even want to hear a popular song if it is sung in Cantonese.
		The ones I have seen in many parts of China are always sung in putonghua but the words at the bottom of the screen are the old forms of the characters.
	wais.stanford.edu /Language/language_china.html (994 words)

	China: A Tower of Babel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Putonghua is defined as the common language of the Han nationality with the Beijing dialect as its phonetic standard, the Northern dialect as its basic vocabulary, and modern popular literature as its grammatical model(Chinese Etimology, 1999, p.362).
		Outside mainland China, Putonghua is known in the West as Mandarin, and is referred to as Guoyu in Taiwan, Sigapore and overseas Chinese communities.
		In a practical sense, Putonghua serves as lingua franca among speakers of such different tongues as the Guangdong (Cantonese) and the Wu dialects.
	www.library.csi.cuny.edu /shen/chinaBabel.html (304 words)

	Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In addition to the previously noted divisions, there is also Putonghua and Guoyu, the official languages of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, respectively.
		These are based on the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and are intended to transcend all of China as a common language of communication.
		Typically in southern China, a person will be able to speak the official Putonghua, the local dialect, and occasionally either speak or understand another regional dialect, such as Cantonese.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/chinese_language (3591 words)

	Xinhua - English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		According to Sun, whose division is the main government body responsible for the drive to popularize putonghua in Shanghai, all civil servants in the city have been required to attend standard Chinese courses in the past year, and most passed the test they were set.
		Locals' reluctance to speak putonghua has something to do with the sense of superiority they feel when speaking their dialect.
		While unanimously accepting the importance of promoting putonghua, many experts and congress deputies also expressed their concern about the death of the Shanghai dialect, which as an integral part of local history and culture is facing what they said "a quite obvious declining trend."
	news.xinhuanet.com /english/2005-09/29/content_3560658.htm (986 words)

	The Standard - Putonghua leaves 50pc speechless - China Section
		Putonghua is just one of the hundreds of dialects in the Chinese language.
		In non-minority areas, schools must teach in Putonghua and television and radio stations are required to use Putonghua in broadcasts.
		Today Putonghua is popular mainly in the developed eastern part of China and major cities, the report noted.
	www.thestandard.com.hk /stdn/std/China/GE23Ad04.html (226 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Professor Ho Wai-kit, director of the Centre for Research and Development of Putonghua Education at Chinese University, said teaching Chinese language in Putonghua was an irreversible trend.
		"Their proficiency in Putonghua would also be enhanced." But in a report on language education released in June, the Standing Committee on Language Education and Research said there was no conclusive evidence that students' competency would improve if they learned Chinese language that way.
		Putonghua was a second language for most Hong Kong students, she said.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art2954.txt (343 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Greater numbers speak putonghua
		The coexistence and different uses of putonghua and dialects are a unique proclivity of the current Chinese language, said Tong.
		As a standard spoken language, putonghua is widely used as the communication medium during public activities while people use the dialect native to their areas when communicating within their family or with other native speakers.
		Hu Hongguang, a middle school teacher who speaks putonghua in class in Central China's Hubei Province said there are three criteria to judge the popularization of the language: how it is used in schools and whether it is used as a working language and as the mainstream tongue on social occasions.
	english.people.com.cn /200412/27/eng20041227_168739.html (570 words)

	EMB - Teacher Training & Qualifications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All new English and Putonghua teachers joining and rejoining the teaching profession between the 2001/02 and 2003/04 school years are allowed two years to demonstrate that they have met the requirement.
		Any teacher who begins teaching English or Putonghua from September 2004 will have to demonstrate, before taking up the responsibility, that s/he has already met the requirement, with the exception of Classroom Language Assessment which should be completed within one year after joining the profession.
		For Putonghua, the number of authorized courses is 12, five of which are offered by course providers in the Mainland.
	www.emb.gov.hk /index.aspx?nodeID=269&langno=1 (507 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Back to the issue of whether Putonghua should be used to teach Chinese language at school, my view is that we should, provided that the teachers are competent and students already have a basic grasp of the language.
		But my concern about using Putonghua to teach Chinese language is that it could be counter-productive if the teacher does not have a good command of the language.
		My worst fears are that if a teacher with inadequate skills in Putonghua were obliged to use it to teach Chinese language, he or she would revert to a very passive way of teaching and would not be able to stimulate discussion in the classroom.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art2939.txt (476 words)

	Insight of the Middle Kingdom: A China Handbook [Culture>>Language]
		Besides Putonghua, the common language, eight major dialects are spoken across different regions.
		The northern dialect or Bei Fang Hua forms the basis of Putonghua, China's official language, and is spoken by Chinese living in the northern, central, and southwestern provinces of China.
		Lessons for minority children are conducted in Putonghua, but the school curriculum also includes lessons in their mother tongue.
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /geneva/language.htm (1495 words)

	Putonghua More Widely Used in Hong Kong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fanny Law, Hong Kong secretary for education and manpower, told the council that the government is contemplating promoting a workplace Putonghua campaign to offer tax-free incentives to those who pay from their own pockets to undergo training in the language.
		The government is also considering making Putonghua a compulsory subject in senior forms in secondary schools, she said, noting that the Education Department is set to invite experts and Putonghua teachers from the State Language and Literary Work Committee next year to give a series of seminars on how Putonghua can be promoted.
		The Hong Kong Putonghua Vocational School, a privately run school which has been offering Putonghua courses in Hong Kong for about 30 years, told Xinhua that recently the school saw more foreigners in Hong Kong enrolled in their courses using English as the medium of instruction.
	clta-gny.org /news-interest-6.htm (353 words)

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