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Topic: Putrescine

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	Putrescine
		Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound C
		Note that putrescine is synthesized by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase.
		The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pu/Putrescin.html (77 words)

	Putrescine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound NH
		Putrescine and cadaverine were first described by the Berlin physician Ludwig Brieger in 1885.
		Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Putrescine (133 words)

	MOTW: Putrescine
		Putrescine has the smell of rotting flesh (and is indeed largely responsible for the smell of corpses).
		It is produced in living cells by the three-step degradation of the naturally-occurring amino acid arginine (see the amino acid table for information on all the naturally-occurring amino acids).
		Putrescine is useful chemically in many of the same roles as its aforementioned relative, ethylene diamine.
	www.nitrogenorder.org /molweek/aug2005/14aug05.shtml (531 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 84, n. 4, p. 679
		The concentration of 1-pyrroline in purified putrescine was determined by comparing FTD peak areas of 1-pyrroline in purified putrescine (HPLC fractions, approximately 2-5 mg/ml of putrescine), with 1-pyrroline areas measured using previously determined concentrations of 1-pyrroline in dilutions of technical putrescine.
		Various concentrations of technical putrescine, purified putrescine, and 1-pyrroline were prepared in water at pH 9, to determine attractiveness of purified putrescine and 1-pyrroline relative to attractiveness of technical putrescine containing equivalent amounts of putrescine and 1-pyrroline.
		Because putrescine is known to oxidize to 1-pyrroline, an experiment was conducted to determine if 1-pyrroline that formed during bioassay of purified putrescine could be sufficient to affect attraction of flies to the filter papers.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe84p679.html (4381 words)

	Putrescine as a source of instant energy in the small intestine of the rat -- Bardócz et al. 42 (1): 24 -- Gut
		To study alterations in putrescine metabolism during intensive growth of the small bowel, the PHA model was used.
		the luminal uptake of putrescine was not altered.
		and to GABA, with the involvement of DAO metabolising putrescine
	gut.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/42/1/24 (3371 words)

	Characterization of Simian Malarial Parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi)-induced Putrescine Transport in Rhesus Monkey ...
		Characterization of Simian Malarial Parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi)-induced Putrescine Transport in Rhesus Monkey Erythrocytes.
		on putrescine influx in Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes
		premise that inhibition of putrescine influx in malaria-infected
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/21/13506 (4062 words)

	Putrescine synthesis - Polyamines, nonprotein amino acids and alkaloids - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - ...
		O ---> putrescine + CO Arginine decarboxylase of oats is clipped from a precursor into two polypeptides found in the soluble enzyme (Malmberg et al, 1992).
		Loss of regeneration capacity of rice in long term culture is associated with massive accumulation of putrescine due to an increase in arginine decarboxylase activity.
		Levels of putrescine are higher in a drought tolerant wheat cultivar in comparison to a drought suceptible wheat cultivar.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/polyam/po00001.htm (793 words)

	The Individualist: Polyamines
		Putrescine can then be converted to two other polyamines, spermine and spermidine, each of which has slightly different effects in the body.
		Because both spermidine and spermine are made from putrescine, and putrescine is made from the amino acid ornithene by the enzyme ornithene decarboxlase (ODC), blocking ODC is usually sufficient to block the synthesis of all three polyamines.
		Polyamines, particularly putrescine, in sufficient amounts are important in maintaining the healthy structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, a function which seems to also require vitamin D as well as putrescine.
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Polyamines (3213 words)

	Vitreous polyamines spermidine, putrescine, and spermine in human proliferative disorders of the retina -- Nicoletti et ...
		Vitreous polyamines spermidine, putrescine, and spermine in human proliferative disorders of the retina -- Nicoletti et al.
		and putrescine as markers of proliferative diseases of the retina.
		of spermidine and putrescine as markers of all the proliferative
	bjo.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/87/8/1038 (3310 words)

	Excretion and Uptake of Putrescine by the PotE Protein in Escherichia coli -- Kashiwagi et al. 272 (10): 6318 -- ...
		by the inhibition of putrescine uptake by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone,
		Although the uptake of putrescine was inhibited by NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) (Fig.
		KK313 potF::Km/pMWpotE or pMW mutated potE, and putrescine excretion
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/272/10/6318 (3654 words)

	Polyamines in the lung: polyamine uptake and polyamine-linked pathological or toxicological conditions -- Hoet and ...
		to be 26-53, 450-880, and 292-460 nmol/g lung for putrescine,
		Putrescine uptake in hamster lung slices and primary cultures of type II pneumocytes.
		Coexistence of the genes for putrescine transport protein and ornithine decarboxylase at 16 min on Escherichia coli chromosome.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/3/L417 (7770 words)

	APStracts 2:0114G, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Initial rates of putrescine influx were measured during 5-min incubations at 25 or 37 degrees C (optimal temperature) for concentrations ranging from 0.45 to 145 [mu]M. At both temperatures, kinetics of putrescine transport fit a model with a single Michaelis-Menten uptake component plus a non-saturable uptake component.
		Steady-state uptake of putrescine at 25 degrees C was very much greater than could be explained by equilibration of medium and intravesicular concentrations of the diamine.
		These data indicate that intestinal uptake of putrescine involves a single, substrate-selective transport system and that binding to the brush-border membrane may play a role in the regulation of intracellular levels of putrescine.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/gastro/July/114g.html (423 words)

	Polyamine depletion delays apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cells -- Ray et al. 278 (3): C480 -- AJP - Cell ...
		of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine for growth and differentiation and are
		When exogenous putrescine is supplied to cells incubated with DFMO, it restores cell growth, migration, and apoptosis to normal.
		Exposure to ornithine results in excessive accumulation of putrescine and apoptotic cell death in ornithine decarboxylase overproducing mouse myeloma cells.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/3/C480 (5725 words)

	Involvement of potD in Streptococcus pneumoniae Polyamine Transport and Pathogenesis -- Ware et al. 74 (1): 352 -- ...
		Putrescine or a combination of methionine and arginine restores virulence gene expression in a tRNA modification-deficient mutant of Shigella flexneri.
		Excretion of putrescine by the putrescine-ornithine antiporter encoded by the potE gene of Escherichia coli.
		Uptake of putrescine and spermidine by Gap1p on the plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/1/352 (4943 words)

	In Vitro Synthesis of Peptidoglycan Precursors Modified with N-Acetylputrescine by Cyanophora paradoxa Cyanelle ...
		The dimension of the y axis is the relative signal intensity produced on the PhosphorImager screen for panels a to e and absorption at 210 nm for panel f.
		Putrescine could be added to lipid I as well as to lipid II.
		Putrescine and cadaverine are constituents of peptidoglycan in Veillonella alcalescens and Veillonella parvula.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/8/2643 (2323 words)

	Levels of Polyamines and Kinetic Characterization of Their Uptake in the Soybean Pathogen Phytophthora sojae -- ...
		The tropic response of zoospores to putrescine was assessed
		dichloromethane (for putrescine) or ether (cadaverine or spermidine),
		The uptake of radiolabeled putrescine or spermidine was measured
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/5/3350 (4386 words)

	HMS Student Papers 1996 - Analysis of putrescine in the egg case of Loligo opalescens: potential roles in predator ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In this study, bacteria isolated from the squid gland and egg sheath were examined by HPLC to deetermine the quantity of putrescine.
		The possible role of the putrescine was then examined in a chemotactic response assay utilizing the starfish Pisaster ochraceus, a common predator at the depth of the egg masses.
		S. putrefaciens, the squid bacteria and a solution of putrescine were found to be significant deterrents to the P. ochraceus while a control strain, Vibrio harveyi, with low levels of putrescine showed no deterrence.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/1996_3.html (244 words)

	syngenta cuts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In animals and fungi, the diamine putrescine (the precursor of the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine) is synthesized directly from ornithine by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).
		The increase in putrescine levels in plants under stress might be the cause of stress-induced injury or alternatively a means of protection against stress.
		The production of putrescine needs to exceed basal levels in order to generate a large enough metabolic pool to trigger polyamine flux through the pathway leading to increases in the levels of spermidine and spermine.
	www.checkbiotech.org /blocks/dsp_document.cfm?doc_id=8303 (1161 words)

	DOA - Putrescine - S/T
		The disc starts out with "Maginot Line," and it draws you in so quickly with the angry hooks and rhythms that by the time "Museum of Abrasives" arrives and the CD is over, you think you've just listened to an hour's worth of music packed into six songs.
		From the second track "Critical Mass Revisited": "This potential has run dry with recurrent thoughts of disgust you have achieved perpetual motion you are the altar you are the sacrifice for this morbis lack of vision." And the CD is chock full of cryptic lyrics to go along with the brutal musical force behind them.
		Putrescine is a nice reminder of what hardcore is to me, and though they may not be the best band ever, they're certainly not the worst band to walk the earth.
	www.adequacy.net /review.php?reviewID=2809 (233 words)

	Polyamine regulation of ornithine decarboxylase and its antizyme in intestinal epithelial cells -- Yuan et al. 280 (1): ...
		Cells were treated with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the presence of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), or spermine (SPM) at 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM for 3 h.
		Cells were treated with putrescine, spermidine, or spermine at 10 µM in the presence of 1 mM DEGBG for 3 h.
		At 2 mM, putrescine induced a twofold increase (49).
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/1/G130 (5183 words)

	Bulk Nutrition - SAN Bolt at discount prices! (Creatine, Energy/Recovery, Hemodilators, Ergogenic)
		Putrescine helps the transfer from DNA to RNA and the growth of all cells.
		Putrescine helps your damaged muscle cells and tissue in much the same way.
		Putrescine is considered a polyamine and once in the body it converts to spermidine and then to spermine, which are also polyamines.
	www.bulknutrition.com /?products_id=752 (2970 words)

	Inhibition of Polyamine Synthesis Arrests Trichomonad Growth and Induces Destruction of Hydrogenosomes -- Reis et al. ...
		In this study, we examined the effects of the putrescine analogue DAB upon the in vitro growth of T.
		Putrescine reverts the inhibitory effect of DAB on T.
		The arrow indicates the addition of putrescine to the cultures.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/1919 (2478 words)

	References - putrescine - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture ...
		Ford YY, Ratcliffe RG, Robins RJ 1998 In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of polyamine and alkaloid metabolism in transformed root cultures of Datura stramonium L.: evidence for the involvement of putrescine in phytohormone-induced de-differentiation Planta 205: 205-213.
		Riechers DE, Timko MP 1999 Structure and expression of the gene family encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase in Nicotiana tabacum: new clues to the evolutionary origin of cultivated tobacco.
		Wertheimer SJ, Leifer Z 1983 Putrescine and spermidine sensitivity of lysine decarboxylase in Escherichia coli: evidence for a constitutive enzyme and its mode of regulation.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/putres.htm (5428 words)

	Polyamine Metabolism Is Altered in Unpollinated Parthenocarpic pat-2 Tomato Ovaries -- Fos et al. 131 (1): 359 -- PLANT ...
		Content of free putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in non-parthenocarpic (wt) and parthenocarpic (pat-2) tomato MA ovaries.
		of reversibility of DFMO inhibition by putrescine was not attributable
		with: (a) the capacity of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/131/1/359 (4353 words)

	Identification of the putrescine biosynthetic genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterization of agmatine ...
		Identification of the putrescine biosynthetic genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterization of agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase of the arginine decarboxylase pathway -- Nakada and Itoh 149 (3): 707 -- Microbiology
		Identification of the putrescine biosynthetic genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterization of agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase of the arginine decarboxylase pathway
		contribute to biosynthetic conversion of agmatine to putrescine.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/3/707 (3487 words)

	EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF PUTRESCINE AFFECTS MANGO FRUIT QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE
		The effects of pre and postharvest applications of putrescine on fruit ripening, quality and shelf life of ‘Kensington Pride’ mango were investigated.
		Fruit ripening at ambient temperature revealed that putrescine treatments significantly reduced ethylene production and response was more pronounced in the postharvest dip application than the preharvest spray.
		After 20 days storage, preharvest-treated fruit exhibited higher firmness, TSS and lower fruit rot whilst acidity, total and non-reducing sugars were reduced in fruit treated with both methods, compared with control.
	www.actahort.org /books/628/628_13.htm (276 words)

	Effect of Polyamine Depletion on Cone Photoreceptors of the Developing Rabbit Retina -- Withrow et al. 43 (9): 3081 -- ...
		sequentially from the diamine precursor, putrescine, by the
		Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were present at each age studied (P1, P3, P7, and adult).
		In cultures grown for 3 days in medium without putrescine and in the presence 5 mM DFMO (C, D), an overall reduction in the number of branches was seen.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/43/9/3081 (6003 words)

	www.myspace.com/putrescinemedm
		Putrescine is Nate and Andrew from North Berwick, Jeremiah from Acton, and Mike from Biddeford.
		Putrescine started just jamming around in April and now we're looking to play shows and see how far we can take it.
		PUTRESCINE any band that has enough material for a cd but no way to produce it should definately check this out, after our success with producing our own CD's we thought we should help others out who need their cd produced as well!!
	www.myspace.com /putrescinemedm (665 words)

	Creatine Newsletter #32: Polyamines - Laying Down the Foundations for Anabolism!
		Putrescine, although possessing inherent growth promoting properties, is further activated with the addition of methyl groups to first produce spermidine and then spermine.
		Putrescine is sequentially methylated to first produce spermidine, then spermine.
		It should come as no surprise that the polyamines are expressed at their highest levels in rapidly dividing tissues.
	www.creatinemonohydrate.net /creatine_newsletter_32.html (1217 words)

	www.myspace.com/putridband
		Putrescine was formed by the Lord of all things Putrid, Lord Dubose, and his good friend, the amorphous Bubblegum Beast Mister ooLiN they wanted to form the most kicking metal band EVER, so Lord Dubose learned himself the guitar, and Mister ooLiN learned himself the bass, and it was good.
		The two composed and wrote lyrics with various other personalities: The Decible (who screamed and irritated others with a keyboard), The Deranged (whose punk guitar shredded heavenly), Cheekz (whose drumtastic drumming left holes in walls), the Asian Hippie (who doesn't count because she never showed up, but supposedly she drummed).
		They gradually stopped meeting, and thus it was decided to start over by the Lord and Mister, thus resulting in a new name, Putrescine.
	myspace.com /putridband (302 words)

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