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Topic: Putumayo Department

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Putumayo

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		Putumayo is one of the hottest areas in Colombia's four-decade armed conflict, and is the focal point of the government's U.S.-backed aerial spraying campaign against drug crops.
		The police are present in 10 of the 13 municipal seats, and an army brigade and anti-narcotics battalion are active in the department.
		The stated aim of the peace caravan is to draw attention to the effects of the spraying of illegal crops, drug trafficking, and the war on women, their families and the local economy, and to the violations of international humanitarian law by all of the armed parties involved in the conflict.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=21262 (1206 words)

	Foreign Policy
		Putumayo takes its name from the river that crosses the department from west to east and serves as a natural border between Colombia and Ecuador and Peru.
		Putumayo’s land and resources are being disputed by the guerrillas, the paramilitaries, and the Colombian government, which through Plan Colombia promotes United States interests such as market penetration for its products and access to raw materials, particularly minerals and the rainforest canopy.
		He reportedly was incarcerated because he refused to pay 25 million pesos to the police commander of the department of Putumayo, since he already had paid that sum to the local police commander.
	www.zmag.org /ZMag/articles/feb01laun.htm (3681 words)

	Center for International Policy
		Its topography and climate vary from the cool Andean foothills in the northwest (known as "upper Putumayo"), to a central plateau of plains and savannah ("middle Putumayo"), to the lush, steamy lowlands in the south and southeast ("lower Putumayo").
		Paramilitaries operate openly and unmolested in Putumayo – as we saw for ourselves – and combat between the Army and the AUC is exceedingly rare.
		Putumayo residents generally agreed that an effective coca-eradication strategy must be manual, gradual, and mutually agreed with the affected communities.
	www.ciponline.org /colombia/0401putu.htm (8494 words)

	Putumayo Department - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word putumayo comes from the Quechua language.
		The verb putuy means "to spring forth" or "to burst out", and mayo is a variant of mayu, meaning river.
		Putumayo • Quindío • Risaralda • San Andrés and Providencia • Santander • Sucre • Tolima • Valle del Cauca • Vaupés • Vichada
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Putumayo_Department (142 words)

	CSN: October 2000 News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In fact, the State Department's Rand Beers told a congressional committee in September that the next certification process is "expected in December or early January." (10) November 2000 The first counternarcotics battalion will be able to use 18 UH-1N ("Huey 1") helicopters given to Colombia through a "no cost lease" in late 1999.
		In parts of Putumayo dominated by small-scale coca cultivation (three hectares or less per farm), the Colombian government, with U.S. support, will establish "Community Pacts." Growers are to voluntarily eradicate their coca plants in exchange for alternative development assistance.
		The State Department, which hopes to be able to certify more criteria than it did in August, will delay this step as long as possible to give the Colombian military maximum opportunity to demonstrate improvements.
	www.colombiasupport.net /200010/default.asp?fileName=cip-20001026.html (492 words)

	Lutzomyia Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Middle and Lower Putumayo Department, Colombia, with New Records to ...
		A total of 4,840 phlebotomine sand flies from 54 localities in Putumayo department (=state), in the Colombian Amazon region, were collected in Shannon traps, CDC light traps, resting places and from human baits.
		The lower Putumayo, with an average altitude of 260 m, is the largest in area (52%) but has the smallest human population.
		In 1992, 43 new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were reported from Putumayo; it was declared as a state of middle risk for the disease, with an incidence rate of 23.9 for 100 thousand inhabitants.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /955/3955.html (616 words)

	RSE: Full text
		Concerning the demonstration in Putumayo, police authorities "said they were surprised by the arguments used by the demonstrators," since until that time "the Government [hadn’t] been specific about implementing fumigations in this department," one of the reasons given by the police for their assertion that the movement was sponsored by narco-guerrillas.
		In Putumayo, the Civic Movement for the Comprehensive Development of Putumayo began the process of identifying leaders in the community such as members of the Communal Action Committees (Juntas de Acción Comunal), teachers, health workers, etc., to begin preparations for the marches.
		Or is it that you have to leave the country to understand that the department of Putumayo is producing such wealth and doesn’t have a single meter of paved road.
	www.ces.fe.uc.pt /emancipa/research/en/ft/marchas.html (11324 words)

	Colombia: forgotten war in Putumayo \| World War 4 Report
		Beginning in December of 2005 the FARC-EP began a series of attacks upon the infrastructure of the Department of Putumayo, choosing different points supposedly to weaken the present government, among them the towers which take high voltage electricity to Putumayo communities, bridges on different roads and oil wells and the trans-Andean pipeline.
		There are some places in the department which are strategic for the armed groups, as much for the guerillas as for the paramilitaries because they are corridors which connect one region to another.
		We ask national and international institutions to pay attention to the movements which may occur in our department in these days and to be moved by their generosity to help those who lack basic necessities, especially in health, food and housing.
	www.ww4report.com /node/1581 (769 words)

	SOA Watch
		PUTUMAYO DEPARTMENT COLOMBIA, JANUARY 2001 — All of us knew we were taking certain risks when we flew by helicopter from Puerto Asis to La Hormiga with Gen. Mario Montoya Uribe — the countryside in Putumayo is controlled by FARC guerillas who are rumored to have anti-aircraft weapons.
		Nancy Sánchez was the human rights director for the health department in the region — a dangerous job in a country where the right wing death paramilitaries responsible for 70% of the political killings consider human rights workers to be guerilla sympathizers, and thus legitimate targets for assassination.
		He traveled to Putumayo in January, 2001 with a delegation of activists and journalists organized by the Colombia Support Network to document the human and environmental impacts of Plan Colombia.
	www.soaw.org /new/newswire_detail.php?id=1063 (3755 words)

	Colombia: Losing Steam in the War on Drugs - Newsweek: International Editions - MSNBC.com
		Residents of Putumayo's largest city, Puerto Asis, were left without electricity or running water, and the Colombian Air Force had to fly in tons of food to avert looming shortages.
		The recent paralysis in Putumayo is the latest in a series of troubling signs that the U.S.-backed war on drugs is faltering.
		The crackdown on coca farming in Putumayo had the effect of dispersing growers: the number of departments where the plant is cultivated has risen from a dozen five years ago to 20 today.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9025208/site/newsweek/print/1/displaymode/1098 (1267 words)

	americas.org - Indigenous Resist Spraying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On January 3, alleged rightwing paramilitaries murdered indigenous Cofán leader Pablo Emilio Díaz Queta, vice president of the Cofán Traditional Authorities of the Valle del Guamuez and San Miguel, in the southern Colombian department of Putumayo.
		Government investigators have reportedly been inundated with complaints from farmers, and are forced to admit that sometimes non-drug crops are being sprayed.
		(AP 1/23/01) Putumayo’s health department is collecting affidavits from residents of sprayed areas; they complain of “intoxication, diarrhea, vomiting, skin rashes, red eyes, headaches,” according to Nancy Sánchez, coordinator of the department’s human rights section.
	www.americas.org /item_6612 (381 words)

	wfp120701.html
		As part of Plan Colombia, the Colombian government, in conjunction with the U.S. government and its sub-contractors, began a second round of fumigations in the department of Putumayo on November 13 in the municipality of Valle de Guamuez, expanding into the municipality of Puerto Caicedo on November 15.
		While the doctor who attended to the child in the hospital could not definitively say that the fumigation caused his death, he was unable to find any other reasonable explanation of the child's symptoms and the unusually rapid progression from appearing fine to death.
		Furthermore, Witness for Peace recommends that fumigation be halted in all areas with ongoing Social Pacts until such time as the communities have been given a fair chance to fulfill their commitments to manually and voluntarily eradicate their coca and until the government has fulfilled its commitments as outlined in the Social Pacts.
	www.globalexchange.org /colombia/wfp120701.html (1930 words)

	cbmitems: Petrobank: Beneficiary of Plan Petroleum in Putumayo
		The implementation of the $1.3 billion Plan Colombia in Putumayo followed on the heels of a dramatic increase in the number of attacks against the department’s oil infrastructure from 48 in 1999 to 110 the following year.
		Orito municipality is the Putumayo department’s largest recipient of oil revenue, but the degree of poverty and underdevelopment is no less stark than in other comparably sized towns that receive no oil funds.
		Within the town, however, the dramatic contrast between the lifestyle of the oil workers and other local residents is reminiscent of Gabriel García Márquez’s portrayal of the foreign fruit company’s presence in the mythical town of Macondo.
	www.cbmwatch.ca /items/000042.html (2757 words)

	Reporters sans frontières - Colombie
		A bomb near the town of Florencia (in the southern department of Caquetá) yesterday destroyed an antenna used jointly by local radio stations Cristalina Estéreo and Espléndida Estéreo.
		The department of Caquetá is a traditional stronghold of the Marxist guerrillas of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and is one of the epicentres of the civil war.
		Latina Estéreo’s antenna in Puerto Asís (in Putumayo department) was bombed on 13 February.
	www.rsf.org /article.php3?id_article=12632 (778 words)

	COLOMBIA: INDIGENOUS, CAMPESINOS MASSACRED \| World War 4 Report
		Putumayo governor Carlos Palacios confirmed on July 31 that two bodies had been found, and that families had reported 11 other people missing, though residents believe 28 people were killed in the massacre.
		In the northern department of Antioquia, meanwhile, campesino Luis Sigifredo Castano was found murdered by the Colombian army on Aug. 7 in the village of Campo Bijao, Remedios municipality.
		On July 29, in the village of Carmen, in the northern Colombian department of Bolivar, armed men in military uniforms abducted agrarian leader Jairo Gonzalez from the vehicle he was traveling in.
	www.ww4report.com /node/1032 (1408 words)

	Poison Rain (Lluvia de veneno) : Indymedia Colombia
		The paramilitary role has fed a suspicion in the Middle Magdalena that the drug war’s ultimate aim is not to wipe out illegal crops but to remove campesinos from their land, clearing the way for oil drilling, mining, logging, ranching and industrial agriculture.
		Putumayo’s palm crop is now just 461 acres, leaving the cannery idle most of the day.
		The State Department report includes comments from the EPA, which said it couldn’t evaluate the toxicity of the Colombia mixture because the State Department had not provided results of crucial tests.
	colombia.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=5724 (3036 words)

	TO:
		The State Department report suggests that damage to legal food crops is minimal and does not merit consideration.
		The State Department analysis should also consider the adverse effects to human health and indigenous cultures that can result from the displacement of communities from their territories as a result of food scarcity or other concerns related to the spraying.
		One hundred and twenty eight indigenous councils in Putumayo and representatives of the Colombian National Government signed the “Mutual Agreement for the Substitution of Illicit Coca Crops in the Department of Putumayo, Integral Plan Root by Root for the Survival of Indigenous Peoples” on July 26, 2001.
	www.amazonalliance.org /scientific/anthro.htm (1413 words)

	Press Releases: Colombia, Armed blockade illustrates failure of Plan Colombia
		Putumayo was Plan Colombia's primary target when the counternarcotics program was launched in December 2000.
		These excerpts, however, are not from news reports about the current blockade in Putumayo, they were written almost five years ago when the FARC blockaded Putumayo in advance of Plan Colombia's initial fumigation campaign.
		Since 2002, there has been an increase in oil exploration in Putumayo by foreign companies, which has resulted in the FARC repeatedly attacking oil infrastructure to protest the exploitation of the country's resources by multinational corporations.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6EV3JZ?OpenDocument (1155 words)

	TNI Drugs and Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		According to the State Department, the mixture of herbicide could in fact cause health problems, but it considered those effects insignificant in comparison to the harm done by paraquat, parathion and other chemicals used in coca cultivation, which are far more toxic than glyphosate sprayed from the air.
		What the State Department fails to mention is that the war on drugs, as it is currently being waged, not only fails to slow this damage, but indirectly encourages it.
		Completely aside from the fact that the herbicide used in Putumayo has a concentration 15 times that recommended by the EPA for agricultural use, it is absurd to think that the herbicide will fall vertically during aerial spraying.
	www.tni.org /drugscolombia-docs/thedebate-e.htm (5941 words)

	Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report on Colombia (the Republic of)
		In December the government concluded the temporary demilitarization of five municipalities in the south-central departments of Meta and Caquetá;, thereby fulfilling a condition imposed by the farc as a prerequisite to formal talks in the designated area.
		In July, 7,000 civilians from southern Bolívar department in the central Magdalena Medio region fled a major paramilitary offensive in the area and converged on the town of Barrancabermeja, Santander department.
		During the year more than 200 civilians were killed in Putumayo department _ a long-time farc stronghold _ as paramilitary forces attempted to gain control of the region.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar99/amr23.htm (2487 words)

	Colombia Coca Eradication Called Destructive, Futile
		The herbicide used in the spray mixture is glyphosate, a chemical manufactured by Monsanto Corporation, that, in sufficient doses, kills or stunts the growth of virtually all plants and trees.
		In Colombia cultivation is spreading from Putumayo to nearby provinces and regions that have previously been free of coca, including Colombia's highly biodiverse national parks, which the State Department has already targeted for spraying this year, according to both LAWG and a second report released Thursday by EarthJustice and AIDA.
		Their report charges that spraying operations are not being carried out according to the label conditions for the herbicide's correct use, and that the State Department has failed to carry out an impact assessment to verify its own certification.
	rense.com /general50/columb.htm (1014 words)

	Orito Oil Field: Costs of Doing Business : AFSC
		The Putumayo Basin, while considerably smaller in potential than the Llanos and Magdalena Basins, is still considered as very promising by ECOPETROL, which estimates that this basin located along the Ecuadorian border could have 2.4 billion barrels of oil[38].
		Through the Trans-Andean pipeline, oil is transported from Ecuador's Amazon Basin to Orito in Putumayo, finally reaching its destination in Colombia's Pacific port of Tumaco in the department of Narino.
		The oil fields of Lago Agrío are directly adjacent to the Colombian department of Putumayo.
	www.afsc.org /colombiaoil/oil_3.htm (856 words)

	Putumayo News
		Indigenous communities in Colombia are being forced to flee their homes as they are caught up in the country's civil conflict, the UN says.
		On "Women of Latin America," a recent album from world-music compiler Putumayo, Toto la Momposina, Mariana Montalvo and Belo Velloso are just three of 11 voices, allotted a single song each.
		Putumayo is continuing its efforts to educate the rest of the world about music that doesn - t receive a proper amount of exposure with it - s latest DVD, Travel the World with Putumayo...
	www.topix.net /who/putumayo (569 words)

	PANNA: Devastation in Putumayo and an Expanding War
		Meanwhile, thousands of farmers are displaced from their land by the spraying campaigns, many of them furthering the destruction of the Amazon (an ecosystem often called "the lungs of the world") by destroying trees to plant new coca crops.
		One hundred thousand of Putumayo's inhabitants arrived in the last ten years, displaced from central Colombia, where they had grown corn and coffee, by the liberalization of Colombia's agricultural markets and the collapse of international coffee prices.(5) Putumayo has no infrastructure to support the marketing of legal food crops.
		The Department of Putumayo is situated in a corner of Colombia directly between Ecuador and Venezuela, South America's leading oil producers.
	www.panna.org /resources/gpc/gpc_200205.12.1.04.dv.html (2540 words)

	THE "SIXTH DIVISION": Military-paramilitary Ties and U.S. Policy in Colombia (Human Rights Watch Report, October 2001)
		While in the Putumayo in January 2001, Human Rights Watch obtained extensive, detailed, and consistent evidence showing that the Twenty-Fourth Brigade maintained a close alliance with the paramilitaries, resulting in extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances, and death threats.
		With the arrival of increased coca cultivation in the 1990s, much of it taxed by guerrillas, the Putumayo had become an important strategic and financial bulwark for the FARC-EP that paramilitaries sought to make their own.
		A year after its announcement, the AUC committed the largest massacre to date in the Putumayo, the January 9, 1999 killing of at least twenty-six people and the forcible disappearance of fourteen more in the village of El Tigre, near Puerto Asís.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2001/colombia/2.2.htm (7501 words)

	Fumigation-An Attack on the Ecology and People of Colombia
		Exact figures are very hard to calculate although the State Department itself has estimated that the number of people displaced by the actions of the Counter-Narcotics Battalions in Putumayo will be in the tens of thousands and, logically, this estimate is obviously going to be an extremely conservative one.
		The departments of Putumayo and Bolivar, both primary targets for fumigation, have huge, and as yet unexploited mineral and oil deposits.
		The ex-ombudsman of the city of Puerto Asis in Putumayo department puts it clearly: “The paramilitary phenomenon in Putumayo is the spearhead of Plan Colombia.” This view is corroborate by Commandante Wilson, a paramilitary commander in Putumayo, who recently told the
	www.spectrezine.org /environment/Colombia.htm (5440 words)

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