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	Choosing the right inverter - Earthscan REW Solar PV
		Inverters are the power electronic devices that are directly connected to the PV array (on the DC side) and to the electrical grid (on the AC side), and essentially convert the DC energy produced by the array into the AC energy required by the grid.
		Inverters with HF galvanic insulation offer an intermediate approach as far as safety, earthing and system configurations are concerned, as the use of LF or HF - or indeed, no transformer - has an influence on the type of device used to protect against indirect contacts on the DC side, and the method of installation.
		PV arrays are not readily turned off by opening positive and negative poles at the inverter input: as they are generally distributed across an area on an array frame, roof, or the exterior surface of a building, they are live while exposed to light.
	www.earthscan.co.uk /news/article.asp?sp=332604508791406591462&v=4&UAN=98 (5999 words)

	Choosing the right inverter - for grid-connected PV systems - full text article from News from Renewable Energy World ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Inverters are the power electronic devices that are directly connected to the PV array (on the DC side) and to the electrical grid (on the AC side), and essentially convert the DC energy produced by the array into the AC energy required by the grid.
		Inverters with HF galvanic insulation offer an intermediate approach as far as safety, earthing and system configurations are concerned, as the use of LF or HF - or indeed, no transformer - has an influence on the type of device used to protect against indirect contacts on the DC side, and the method of installation.
		PV arrays are not readily turned off by opening positive and negative poles at the inverter input: as they are generally distributed across an area on an array frame, roof, or the exterior surface of a building, they are live while exposed to light.
	jxj.base10.ws /magsandj/rew/2004_02/inverter.html (6047 words)

	PV-System Inverter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Power Inverters are used in grid connected PV systems to convert the DC current generated by the solar panels into AC current.
		Some PV power inverters are equipped with a mechanism that ensures the maximum possible power generation by the PV modules: the Maximum Power Point Tracker.
		This is a voltage regulator that adjusts the output voltage of the PV array relative to the amount of light energy reaching the panels, thereby ensuring the maximum obtainable power generation result.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~doranje/Inverter.html (208 words)

	Feature JAN/FEB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Taking PV system technologies as one example that stands for renewable energy technology as a whole, this article points out existing possibilities of integrating PV systems into both the available and the planned power supply structures that are also suitable for electrification of remote areas.
		In PV applications for island grids used to supply remote and off-grid consumers, the PV plant is integrated with battery storage in order to ensure the desired availability.
		PV plants in grid connected applications are tied to the grid via power conditioning units (inverters) of several technological concepts.
	www.re-focus.net /features/archive/janfeb04/janfeb04_full_2.html (2551 words)

	September-October 2005: Making the Utility Connection
		Of course, those 15-amp PV output circuit conductors would have to be routed from the roof to the main service panel, and the output voltage of the inverter would have to match the voltage of the service entrance.
		There is no place on these circuits where the feeder can be overloaded (unless the PV output current exceeds the feeder rating) because there are no places between circuit breakers where loads can be connected that could be inadvertently increased as they could be inside a panel board as shown in figure 4.
		However, when there is a utility outage, the inverter automatically senses this outage, ceases to export power to the utility, and feeds the backup load subpanel with ac power derived from the PV array and the batteries.
	www.iaei.org /subscriber/magazine/05_e/wiles.htm (3777 words)

	Xantrex Technology Inc. - Corporate News
		A Xantrex PV-100 Inverter is at the heart of the solar system designed by Shell Solar and Solar Power Systems, Inc., which is installed in the lab’s parking lot.
		The Xantrex inverter converts the DC energy produced by the solar panels into electricity to run the facility, including the furnaces used to manufacture replacement teeth.
		Since the PV Inverter is connected to the utility grid, the power produced by the lab’s solar system flows into the grid.
	www.xantrex.com /web/did/541/readnews.asp (443 words)

	Solar PV Inverter
		The PV array and battery produce DC current and voltage.
		If AC is required by the loads, an inverter can be used to convert DC to AC.
		The inverters are sized by their output wattage rating.
	www.heat-pump-pool-heater.com /pv/pvlist/pvinverter/pvinverter.html (58 words)

	Photo Gallery
		The inverter can be grid-connected with or without batteries, or it can be used where utility grid service is not available.
		The PV and Data Acquisition System, the curricular materials available through School Power...Naturally, and the Living Machine are robust modern technological enhancements for our school that, since its inception, has been dedicated to extending the Shake Legacy of care for the land through hard work.
		The PV system provides a training opportunity for union electricians and contractors by increasing their awareness and interest in the technology.
	www.powernaturally.com /About/photo_gallery.asp (2570 words)

	Balance of Systems
		Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems producing ac power.
		For example, inverter efficiency is often reported as a single number without regard for load characteristics which significantly affect efficiency.
		These tests are intended to provide information which is useful to PV system integrators in selecting an inverter for a specific application and in anticipating an inverter’s performance under a variety of conditions.
	www.sandia.gov /SAI/Balanceofsystems.htm (757 words)

	FAQs - PV Inverter SITOP solar - Siemens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The inverter, transforms the produced direct current energy from the generator to net conforming alternating current.
		PV modules use not only the direct sunlight, which only appears on clear sky, but rather the so-called diffuse light rays from the clouds.
		To reduce the cost-to-efficiency ratio, new inverter designs have appeared in the market, which have their ad- and disadvantages; depending on their applications.
	www.automation.siemens.com /sitop/solar/html_76/faq.htm (1466 words)

	gizmag Article: 500kW Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter now available
		The inverter is a commercial-grade product available in 208, 240, and 480 volt models for grid-connected operation in low and medium voltage applications as single unit and parallel multi-megawatt systems.
		The 500kW AE-500-60-PV-A utility-grade PV inverter was successfully listed to the UL 1741 Standard and also received approval from the California Energy Commission (CEC).
		“The addition of the 500kW unit to the PowerGate inverter family was in response to the growing global demand for multi-megawatt installations and provides further evidence of SatCon’s leadership role in the development of large scale PV technology to serve this rapidly emerging opportunity,” added Firebaugh.
	www.gizmag.com /go/5074 (864 words)

	RenewableEnergyAccess.com \| SatCon Launches Largest Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter in the Industry
		The release of the PowerGate(TM) 500kW inverter was one of SatCon's major R&D milestones for 2006, and positions SatCon as the leading provider of high efficiency inverters for the rapidly growing solar markets.
		The 500kW AE-500-60-PV-A utility-grade PV inverter was successfully listed to the UL 1741 Standard and also received approval of the unit with the California Energy Commission (CEC).
		"The addition of the 500kW unit to the PowerGate(TM) inverter family was in response to the growing global demand for multi-megawatt installations and provides further evidence of SatCon's leadership role in the development of large scale PV technology to serve this rapidly emerging opportunity," added Firebaugh.
	renewableenergyaccess.com /rea/market/business/viewstory?id=41848 (846 words)

	SMA America USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Yes according to the NEC code in section 690.13 the PV conductors must have a disconnecting means to isolate the inverter from the PV power source.
		The Sunny Boy Inverters have been tested by Sandia National Laboratories and shown incapable or back-feeding the PV array in the event of an internal inverter failure, per the PV Overcurrent Protection Letter.
		In general, the Sunny Boy Inverters may be connected to any 3-phase system, regardless of configuration or grounding scheme, provided the AC voltage is correct for the model of inverter that you are using.
	www.sma-america.com /sysdesign.html (1575 words)

	Florida Solar Energy Center
		Four inverters were selected for testing: the Fronius IG 3000, the Xantrex GT 3.0, the Sunny Boy 2500, and the PV Powered 2800.
		The three inverters were loaded with a PV array close to the maximum power limit allowed by the inverter and were within 100 W of one another.
		Since the PV array for each inverter used identical PV modules mounted in the same orientation, it is easier to compare the performance of the three inverters based on energy output.
	www.fsec.ucf.edu /en/research/photovoltaics/inverter/index.htm (310 words)

	SatCon Launches Largest Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter in the Industry
		The release of the PowerGate(TM) 500kW inverter was one of SatCon's major R&D milestones for 2006, and positions SatCon as the leading provider of high efficiency inverters for the rapidly growing solar markets.
		The 500kW AE-500-60-PV-A utility-grade PV inverter was successfully listed to the UL 1741 Standard and also received approval of the unit with the California Energy Commission (CEC).
		"The addition of the 500kW unit to the PowerGate(TM) inverter family was in response to the growing global demand for multi-megawatt installations and provides further evidence of SatCon's leadership role in the development of large scale PV technology to serve this rapidly emerging opportunity," added Firebaugh.
	www.renewableenergyaccess.com /rea/partner/story?id=41848 (794 words)

	Helpscreen Solar Simulation programme of ECN
		The PV module is characterized by a curve of the module efficiency as function of the irradiation and by the temperature coefficient of the Maximum Power Point.
		The PV inverter is characterized by a curve of the power efficiency as a function of the AC power delivered to the grid and the threshold DC power (DC power at which the inverter starts/stops to operate).
		Total energy incident on the PV module in the selected part of the year.
	www.ecn.nl /solar/yield/helpscreen.html (665 words)

	PV Powered Inverters
		Through its simple, yet robust architecture, PV Powered inverters have proven that true continuous power output is the consumer's choice for energizing the grid.
		With the fewest parts count of any inverter on the market, your StarInverter is guaranteed for 10 years, the longest standard warranty of any inverter.
		The PV Powered PVP2800-XV is a revolutionary PV inverter with the highest peak efficiency in it's class.
	www.partsonsale.com /pvpowered.html (1107 words)

	OutBack Power Systems User Forum :: View topic - hydro-pv inverter
		Do I need to buy two inverters or is there one that is designed for two differnt DC loads.
		OutBack inverters, unlike a Sunny Boy, require batteries to serve as the DC power storage.
		The advantage to this approach is that you can use the OutBack inverters as a backup AC power source when the grid fails.
	www.outbackpower.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=247 (257 words)

	World-Wire
		A Xantrex PV-100 Inverter is at the heart of the solar system designed by Shell Solar and Solar Power Systems, Inc., which is installed in the lab's parking lot.
		The Xantrex inverter converts the DC energy produced by the solar panels into electricity to run the facility, including the furnaces used to manufacture replacement teeth.
		Since the PV Inverter is connected to the utility grid, the power produced by the lab's solar system flows into the grid.
	www.world-wire.com /news/0429040003F.html (411 words)

	EVWORLD NEWSWIRE: Aurora PV Inverter Maximizes Solar Energy Harvesting
		The Aurora PV inverter changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into utility-grade alternating current (AC).
		Connectivity to the utility grid enables the new Aurora PV inverter to feed power into the grid as well as to power local loads independent of the grid.
		Haug, the Aurora inverter represents the most advanced technology available in the PV industry, featuring the unique capability to maximize, by means of proprietary circuitry and software algorithms, the amount of useable (AC) electricity harvested from solar panels under all ambient light conditions.
	www.evworld.com /view.cfm?section=communique&newsid=6074 (876 words)

	PV Powered
		The PVP5200 is one of our latest high-performance inverters offering an operating range of 240V to 450V and a weighted CEC efficiency rating of 96%.
		Based on PV Powered’s second generation inverter technology demonstrated in the PVP5200 and PVP4600, this inverter offers field-proven reliability and is now compatible with lower voltage modules.
		Coupled with PV Powered’s comprehensive 10-year warranty, these advancements allow the Starinverter series to deliver on reliability, efficiency, and lowest cost of ownership.
	www.pvpowered.com /inverter_pvp5200.php (171 words)

	Sustainable Begins Commercial Production of Solar PV Inverter : ArriveNet Press Releases : Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		"Although we have been manufacturing inverters for the stationary fuel cell industry for more than 2 years, the fuel cell market is pre-commercial, and will not provide the revenue growth that we are looking for until 2007 or 2008.
		Power inverters are strategic to the integration of new renewable energy technologies - solar and wind power, fuel cells, and energy storage systems - into the power infrastructure.
		The core power electronics used in the SUNERGY series of solar PV inverters have been refined and proven over the past two years in the very demanding fuel cell environment.
	press.arrivenet.com /industry/article.php/668487.html (617 words)

	PV Powered
		The Installation & Operations Manual is a thorough guide to all aspects of StarInverter Series inverter installation and use.
		Calculate inverter, module and PV string data based on specific array manufacturers and models.
		In the event that your PV Powered inverter requires review or repair, please follow these procedures to make the return process easy.
	pvpowered.com /installation_support.php (224 words)

	California Eligible Inverters
		Solaris 3500 XP 3.5 kW, 240 Vac, NEMA-3R, Grid Interactive PV Inverter & Batt.
		13 kW 208Vac Commercial Grid-Tied Solar PV Inverter
		77 kW 208Vac Commercial Grid-Tied Solar PV Inverter
	www.consumerenergycenter.org /cgi-bin/eligible_inverters.cgi (815 words)

	Solar Energy Technologies Program: Systems Driven Approach Workshop on Inverter R&D
		This is a follow-up to the first systems driven approach workshop on inverter RandD held in April 2003.
		Participants used a similar methodology to explore in greater depth the next generation of high-tech inverters for PV and Energy Storage technologies and synergistic applications.
		The second day of the workshop examined inverter-related standards, codes and certifications currently available or being drafted with discussions of the economic and technical impacts on inverter designs today.
	www.eere.energy.gov /solar/sda_10_04.html (370 words)

	PV Inverter Cost and Performance Needs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		PV Inverter Cost and Performance Needs - The Role of Industry and Government to Promote Market Growth
		In order to achieve this goal, PV inverter prices will need to decline from 60-90 cents/Wp today to an estimated 25-30 cents/Wp by 2020; and concurrently the performance of PV inverters (i.e., efficiency, lifetime, reliability, etc.) will need to improve considerably.
		This forum will explore what it will take for the PV industry to meet these types of aggressive cost and performance improvement targets during the next several years.
	www.solar2006.org /program/forums/f28.htm (173 words)

	Xantrex PV Inverters, PV Gridtie Inverter
		Large Scale PV Series Inverters to 300kW are listed below.
		Systems include PV series inverter, isolation transformer, AC and DC disconnects and fused combiner box
		All AC/DC disconnects used with the PV inverters are 3 pole and come in NEMA 3R enclosures.
	www.nwpwr.com /products/inverters/pv_series.htm (179 words)

	Find in a Library: PV inverter products manufacturing and design improvements for cost reduction and performance ...
		Find in a Library: PV inverter products manufacturing and design improvements for cost reduction and performance enhancements.
		PV inverter products manufacturing and design improvements for cost reduction and performance enhancements.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/37f72d5dcb89e7c8a19afeb4da09e526.html (92 words)

	SatCon Launches New 500-kW PowerGate PV Inverter Renewable Energy Today - Find Articles
		SatCon Technology Corporation recently announced the launch of its new 500-kilowatt (kW) PowerGate photovoltaic (PV) inverter.
		According to Satcon, the AE-500-60-PV-A utility-grade inverter has been listed to the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 1741 standard and has received approval from the California Energy Commission (CEC).
		SatCon said the approvals are required to qualify for California's Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP), as administrators use the list to determine which projects qualify for rebates under the program.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0OXD/is_2006_Jan_20/ai_n16017889 (127 words)

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