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Topic: Pygmy Rabbit

	WDFW -- Pygmy Rabbit Recovery Plan
		Because of low numbers and limited distribution, pygmy rabbit populations in Washington are vulnerable to fire, disease, intense predation, and the random variation in birth and death rates, sex ratios, and combinations of demographic parameters that sometimes cause the collapse of small populations.
		This document summarizes the current status of pygmy rabbits in Washington, reassesses and prioritizes the strategies and tasks of the initial (1995) Washington State Recovery Plan for the Pygmy Rabbit and provides an overview of emergency measures needed to prevent extinction of Washington's pygmy rabbit.
		Genetic analyses of pygmy rabbits in Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington have confirmed that the Washington population of pygmy rabbit is distinct and isolated from the rest of the species' range, and has been separated for thousands of years.
	wdfw.wa.gov /wlm/diversty/soc/recovery/pygrabit/pygrabit.htm (2098 words)

	rabbit. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Although usage varies, the term rabbit generally refers to small, running animals, with relatively short ears and legs, which give birth to blind, naked young, while hare refers to larger, hopping forms, with longer ears and legs, whose young are born furred and open-eyed.
		Rabbits are chiefly nocturnal, although they are sometimes seen in the daytime.
		Domestic rabbits, which may be various colors but are commonly white, are bred for food and for their fur, which is much used in making fur trim and felt.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ra/rabbit.html (643 words)

	WDFW -- Pygmy Rabbit Recovery Activities
		Pygmy rabbits are found in the Columbia Basin (Washington) and Columbia Plateau and Great Basin (Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nevada) of the United States.
		Pygmy rabbits from both the Columbia Basin and Idaho are being raised in captivity.
		Pygmy rabbit populations are surveyed and monitored by looking for evidence of activity at burrows and through visual observations.
	wdfw.wa.gov /wlm/diversty/soc/pygmy_rabbit (698 words)

	Pygmy Rabbit Reintroduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Idaho pygmy rabbits are propagated in captivity at Washington State University (WSU) and elsewhere and released into the wild in southeastern Idaho.
		Develop recommended protocols for restoring pygmy rabbits in areas of vacant, suitable sagebrush habitat, and model the numbers of captive-bred animals and survival rates needed to establish new local breeding populations.
		A total of 42 pygmy rabbits were released from 2002-2004 at the INEEL to study behavior and survival of reintroduced animals.
	www.stoller-eser.com /NERP/pygmy.htm (1026 words)

	Pygmy Rabbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pygmy Rabbit is the smallest Leporid in North America, with mean adult weights from 375 to about 500 grams (0.8 to 1.1 pounds), and a body length from 23.5 to 29.5 centimeters (9¼ to 11½ inches), females are slightly larger than males.
		The pygmy rabbit is distinguishable from other Leporids by its small size, short ears, gray color, small hind legs, and lack of white fur on the tail.
		The historic distribution of the pygmy rabbit included much of the semi-arid, shrub steppe region of the Great Basin and adjacent intermountain zones of the conterminous western United States, and included portions of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pygmy_Rabbit (385 words)

	Pygmy rabbit
		On March 5, 2003, the Columbia Basin Distinct Population Segment of the pygmy rabbit was listed as endangered in the state of Washington.
		Pygmy rabbits are typically found in areas of tall, dense sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) cover, and are highly dependent on sagebrush to provide both food and shelter throughout the year.
		Pygmy rabbit burrows are typically found in relatively deep, loose soils of wind-borne or water-born origin.
	www.fws.gov /Nevada/nv_species/pygmy_rabbit.html (248 words)

	LancasterOnline.com: Wash. Landowners to Help Pygmy Rabbits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pygmy rabbits are the smallest rabbits in North America, weighing about 1 pound, and one of only two rabbit species that dig burrows in deep soil.
		At the same time, farmers agree to notify state and federal officials if the pygmy rabbits have wandered onto their property from nearby sagebrush stands or if they are beginning any field work that could potentially endanger them.
		Pygmy rabbits have a high mortality rate — 50 percent or greater — because they are easy prey for predators, but they can give birth to between one and three litters each spring.
	ap.lancasteronline.com /4/pygmy_rabbit (691 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Pygmy ...
		Pygmy rabbits are known to travel up to 0.75 mile (mi) (1.2 kilometers (km)) from their burrows (Gahr 1993), and there are a few records of individuals moving up to 2.2 mi (3.5 km) (Green and Flinders 1979; Katzner and Parker 1998).
		Pygmy rabbits, in general, prefer taller, denser sagebrush cover relative to the surrounding landscape, which can be greater than the 10 to 30 percent range (Green and Flinders 1980b; Weiss and Verts 1984) suggested for various sage grouse habitats.
		Because the pygmy rabbit is a habitat specialist, and its climax- type habitat is highly fragmented and occurs across the landscape, the petition contends the species' life history traits could affect population viability.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2005/May/Day-20/e10056.htm (13034 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Biology and Ecology of Utah Rabbits and Hares
		The hares consist of the white-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii), the fl-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) and the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus).
		If while dressing your rabbits, you notice one in which the liver, lungs or spleen are covered with tiny, whitish miniature discolorations or one in which the liver and spleen are swollen, it is probable that the rabbit has tularemia.
	www.wildlife.utah.gov /uplandgame/rabbits_hares/biology_ecology.html (1787 words)

	QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE COLUMBIA BASIN PYGMY RABBIT DPS LISTING
		Pygmy rabbits are usually found in areas of dense sagebrush cover with relatively deep, loose soils.
		The population segment of pygmy rabbits in central Washington is believed to have been physically separated from the remainder of the species' range for the past 7,000 to 10,000 years.
		Sixteen pygmy rabbits were captured from this population as an initial source for captive breeding efforts, and these animals adjusted well to the rearing facilities.
	www.fws.gov /pacific/news/2003/25/faq.htm (1335 words)

	Oregon Zoo Conservation: Pygmy Rabbit Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The pygmy rabbit is endangered in Washington, where possibly fewer than 100 survive.
		Using Idaho rabbits as a model, the zoo studied the behavior and reproductive biology of two breeding groups in 2000-2001.
		In 2002, the Zoo is breeding endangered Washington rabbits for eventual reintroduction to protected habitat in central Washington.
	www.oregonzoo.org /ConservationResearch/pygmyrabbit.htm (373 words)

	Pygmy Rabbit (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The smallest rabbit species in North America, the pygmy rabbit measures 9.2-11.6 inches (23.5-29.5 cm) in length, weighs a slight 0.88-1.02 lbs (398-462 g), and is able to fit in the palm of a hand.
		Distribution: Pygmy rabbit populations are patchily distributed within the Great Basin (sections of the states of WA, OR, ID, CA, NV, UT, MT, and WY) in areas dominated by tall, dense sagebrush clumps and loose, deep soil.
		Separated for thousands of years, the pygmy rabbit’s Washington range is disjunct from the core range and is thought to be a sub-species.
	www.pacificbio.org.cob-web.org:8888 /ESIN/Mammals/PygmyRabbit/pygmyrabbit.html (555 words)

	January 2003 ESER Environmental Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pygmy rabbits may be found in sagebrushed areas of southern Idaho, Washington, eastern Oregon, northeastern California, Nevada, and Wyoming.
		Pygmy rabbits have been listed by the federal government as a species of concern and are a candidate for threatened and endangered species listing.
		To preserve the Washington's last remaining population of the Great Basin pygmy rabbit, rabbits were captured from eastern Washington and a captive breeding program was initiated to raise and release Washington pygmy rabbits into two protected areas in eastern Washington.
	www.stoller-eser.com /Newsletter/January2003.htm (662 words)

	Pygmy Rabbit Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pygmy rabbits have an entirely gray-brown tail, lacking the white underside of the tail that is present in all cottontail (Sylvilagus) species.
		Pygmy rabbits may be active at any time of day, but mostly early in the morning and late in the afternoon.
		If sagebrush is removed, it may isolate or eliminate pygmy rabbits in some areas, unless it is done in such a way as to maintain a mosaic of patches of relatively large size isolated only by narrow expanses of unsuitable habitat.
	fwp.mt.gov /fieldguide/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMAEB04010 (1388 words)

	Wild News 1 Pygmy Rabbit
		Unlike Idaho pygmy rabbits, which were used by the Oregon Zoo to develop the initial techniques for captive breeding, Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits brought into captivity did not reproduce well and seem to be particularly susceptible to diseases naturally harbored by the animal.
		One of WSU's contributions to the recovery effort for pygmy rabbits is to develop techniques to restore these animals back into appropriate habitat and document the behavior and survival of released rabbits.
		The founding captive population at WSU and elsewhere is not yet producing enough rabbits to build a large enough population to retain even the limited existing genetic diversity of the remaining Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits.
	www.campusecology.wsu.edu /page_044.htm (1214 words)

	Rabbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rabbits are clearly distinguished from hares in that rabbits are altricial, having young that are born blind and hairless; all rabbits, except the cottontail rabbit, live underground in burrows or warrens.
		Rabbits can then be killed by hitting the back of their heads, a practice that lends its name to the "rabbit punch".
		Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility or rebirth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rabbit (2503 words)

	Oregon Zoo Conservation On Zoo Grounds
		The Oregon Zoo is breeding endangered Washington pygmy rabbits for reintroduction to protected habitats in eastern Washington.
		Pygmy rabbits eat sagebrush leaves and the shrubs provide refuge from predators.
		On the brink of extinction, these rabbits may be on the road to recovery.
	www.oregonzoo.org /Conservation/pygmyrabbit.htm (319 words)

	State's pygmy rabbit population is shrinking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The pygmy rabbit of Eastern Washington is just a hop, skip and a jump away from extinction, so the state is resorting to desperate measures.
		Pygmy rabbits reproduce in the spring, but start to undergo physical changes showing their readiness to mate in December or January.
		The year before, pygmy rabbits from Idaho, where the rabbits are more numerous, were captured and brought to Washington as a sort of trial run for the captive breeding.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/52265_pygmy27.shtml (825 words)

	Oregon: Endangered status sought for pygmy rabbit
		The pygmy rabbit, a palm-sized bunny that once ranged across 100 million acres of Western sagebrush country, faces extinction in Oregon and seven other states, say conservation groups seeking federal endangered species protection.
		Washington's isolated population of pygmy rabbit, called the Columbia Basin pygmy, was listed as endangered in 2001 -- after the last known colony dwindled to fewer than 30 animals.
		Pygmies are North America's smallest rabbit, averaging less than a pound.
	www.citizenreviewonline.org /april_2003/oregon.htm (519 words)

	$1.3 million pegged to save pygmy rabbit
		Fewer than 30 wild pygmy rabbits are believed to be living in Washington today, well below the optimistic 1999 estimate of 250.
		No one knew if pygmy rabbits still existed in the state until 1991, when Ephrata-based Fish and Wildlife biologist Ron Friesz stumbled across one in Sagebrush Flats, a 3,300-acre tract of shrub-steppe about 15 miles northwest of Ephrata.
		Pygmy rabbits are the only North American rabbits that burrow in the ground.
	www.tri-cityherald.com /news/2002/1002/Story2.html (361 words)

	Press Release 12/16/05 - PYGMY RABBITS: SMALL SW WYOMING MAMMAL RECEIVING GROWING ATTENTION - 3157
		Pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) are the smallest member of the fFamily Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and make their home in the West.
		Pygmy rabbit populations may fluctuate locally and perhaps regionally in response to environmental conditions and are subject to long-term changes.
		Purcell and her co-workers spent the 2005 field season mapping the boundaries of the distribution of pygmy rabbits within Wyoming and habitat characteristic measurements, including sagebrush such as height and cover, as well as cover of grasses and forbs, bare ground and litter.
	gf.state.wy.us /services/news/pressreleases/05/12/16/051216_2.asp (1154 words)

	Animal Info - Volcano Rabbit
		The volcano rabbit feeds on the green leaves of zacaton grasses, the young leaves of spiny herbs and the bark of alder trees.
		A variety of factors appear to be responsible for the continued degradation of the rabbit's forest/zacaton habitat.
		The volcano rabbit is generally found between 2800 and 4250 m (9200 - 13,900') in pine forests with a dense undergrowth of bunch grass ("zacaton") and rocky substrates.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/romediaz.htm (878 words)

	Cooperative Extension Service
		The rabbits were not documented in Wyoming until 1981, although they may have been previously mistaken for small cottontails and not identified as an entirely different rabbit.
		Purcell had conducted pygmy rabbit survey work for the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, and when the GandF and federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) wanted someone to examine the distribution of the pygmy rabbit, she hopped at the chance.
		Only one rabbit characteristically occupies a burrow complex, which usually ranges from two to 10 burrows, but four to five burrows are more common; however, a rabbit pair will occupy the same burrow complex during the breeding season.
	www.uwyo.edu /AgAdmin/news/rabbits.htm (805 words)

	SR.com: FWS to review pygmy rabbit petition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		"In this case, the pygmy rabbit is an indicator of the collapse of hundreds of millions of acres of sage-steppe ecosystem," Jon Marvel of Western Watersheds said in an interview.
		The pygmy rabbit already is classified as endangered in parts of neighboring Washington state.
		The shy, burrowing rabbit that's active in the morning and evening hours relies solely on sage in the winter for its food.
	www.spokesmanreview.com /tools/story_pf.asp?ID=64020 (438 words)

	Pygmy Rabbit - Species at Risk - Lewis and Clark - Sierra Club
		The endangered pygmy rabbit, small enough to fit in a cereal bowl, is the smallest native rabbit in North America.
		The pygmy rabbit frequents the dry lands of the sagebrush-steppe where it digs burrows underneath the sagebrush and lives off the fragrant leaves.
		Barely hanging on in the wild, these pygmy rabbits have been collected for a captive breeding program in the hopes of building up numbers and reintroducing them.
	www.sierraclub.org /lewisandclark/species/pygmyrabbit.asp (134 words)

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