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Topic: Pygmy sunfish

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	Spring Pygmy Sunfish, One of Alabama's Rare Fishes
		One of the fish species that is unique to Alabama is the spring pygmy sunfish.
		Spring pygmy sunfish were feared to be extinct after Pickwick Reservoir filled and changed the habitat.
		Spring pygmy sunfish in aquaria experiments lose their association with vegetation in the absence of predators.
	www.outdooralabama.com /education/publications/FNASpringPygmySunfish.cfm (578 words)

	Pygmy sunfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pygmy sunfishes grow to a maximum overall length of 3 to 4 cm (1.25 to 1.5 in).
		The bluebarred, Carolina, and spring pygmy sunfishes have small localized populations and are considered Vulnerable.
		The pygmy sunfishes are too small to be game fish, but are popular as aquarium fish because of the males' irridescent colors and fascinating breeding behaviors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pygmy_sunfish (278 words)

	Spring Pygmy Sunfish - A Fish that Only Lives in Alabama
		DISTRIBUTION: The spring pygmy sunfish is endemic to the Tennessee River drainage in Alabama.
		The Cave Spring population appears to have been extirpated; however, a new population was successfully reestablished at Pryor Spring (Mettee and Pulliam, 1986) through the efforts of local landowners and state and federal biologists.
		Pygmy sunfishes in Alabama usually deposit their eggs in aquatic vegetation; centrarchids, on the other hand, lay eggs directly on the bottom in cleared nests.
	www.outdooralabama.com /fishing/freshwater/fish/other/pygmy/spring (513 words)

	Four Species of Pygmy Sunfish, by Mettee and Scharpf
		The pygmy sunfishes of the genus Elassoma include six described species, all of which are native to swamps and backwater areas of the southeastern United States and middle Mississippi Basin:
		• Elassoma okatie Rohde and Arndt 1987, the bluebarred pygmy sunfish, is endemic
		Boulenger (1895) placed Elassoma into the sunfish family Centrarchidae because of the similarity and kinds of vertebrae; he was also probably the first to postulate that Elassoma was a dwarf sunfish.
	www.nanfa.org /articles/elassoma.shtml (4600 words)

	Banded Pygmy Sunfish in Alabama
		Spawning behavior, embryology, and larval development in aquariums are described by Mettee (1974) and Walsh and Burr (1984).
		Both studies note that banded pygmy sunfishes, like other Elassoma species, deposit their eggs in aquatic vegetation rather than in cleared nests on the bottom of their habitat, as the centrarchids do.
		Banded pygmy sunfishes live for one to two years.
	www.outdooralabama.com /fishing/freshwater/fish/other/pygmy/banded (425 words)

	The Pygmy Sunfish
		The Everglades sunfish can be collected not only from the northern edge of the Everglade swamps of Florida but also from coastal plain drainages from Mobile Bay, Alabama to Cape Fear in North Carolina.
		Unlike other native sunfish which breed very much like many New World cichlids of the Genus Cichlasoma with depositing their eggs in a "nest" either in a pit dug for spawning or directly on the substrate, the Pygmy sunfish will lay its eggs amongst fine leaf plants.
		It is best to set the Pygmy Sunfish up in a species tank of about ten gallons for a single pair and at least a twenty gallon "long" for up to three pairs.
	www.nativefish.org /articles/PygmySunfish.php (836 words)

	Bio 4950 Fish identification 4
		Diagnosis: The flier is a deeply compressed sunfish, greenish or yellowish on the sides, with bronzy reflections and longitudinal rows of brown spots, a vertically aligned teardrop, reticulated median fins, and a small mouth.
		Diagnosis: The longear sunfish is a thin and deep-bodied sunfish, olive on the sides, with numerous spots of blue and orange, an orange breast, alternating stripes of bright blue and orange across the face, obscure vertical bands, and a very long and very flexible opercular flap.
		It is not known where the spotted sunfish and other species occurring over a soft bottom find areas of gravel to construct nests, and they may use debris on the bottom or submerged logs and stumps if gravel or sand cannot be found.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfruf/bio4950/fish_id4.htm (2499 words)

	Brunswick Beacon - Local Newspaper of the South Brunswick Islands
		For example, on the Juniper Creek tract the Carolina pygmy sunfish (Elassoma boehlkei) is connected to (or eaten by) the two-toed amphiuma, the two-toed amphiuma is connected to the Eastern mud snake and so on.
		Carolina pygmy sunfish are freshwater fish that live in swamps, small ponds, creeks and ditches of the Coastal Plain, which are typically acidic.
		The secretive pygmy sunfish are generally not active at the surface, do not form schools and tend to be solitary.
	www.brunswickbeacon.com /articles/2006/08/30/tidelines/columns/02-lisa.txt (492 words)

	Environmental Laboratory
		The bluebarred pygmy sunfish was originally only known from the Edisto River, New River, and eastern Savannah River drainages in South Carolina (Rohde and Arndt 1987).
		Distribution and abundance of the bluebarred pygmy sunfish appeared highly restricted (i.e., a single locality at the edge of a military impact zone).
		The bluebarred pygmy sunfish (Elassoma okatie) in Georgia.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /projfact.cfm?Topic=envres-aquatic&Option=ProjFacts&Id=11&Code=Facts (461 words)

	Sunfish of Toledo Bend Lake
		The Orange Spotted Sunfish ranges throughout a wide area of central United States from West Texas north along the eastern slope, of the Rocky Mountains to North Dakota throughout the Great Plains then east to Lake Erie and south throughout the Mississippi Valley.
		The Sunfish builds a nest like most of the other Sunfishes and spawn from June until August in their Northern range, and a little earlier in the South.
		This Sunfish is found in the Mississippi drainage basin from southern Illinois to Louisiana.
	www.toledo-bend.com /toledo_bend/index.asp?request=fish2 (2778 words)

	sunfish pictures and videos on Webshots
		Sunfish Pond, due to its high acidic composition, the P...
		Sunfish Pond from Sunfish Pond Overlook on the Turquois...
		Smiley on the firmer shore ice of Sunfish Pond.
	www.webshots.com /search?query=sunfish (182 words)

	freshwater fish task 4
		The goal of the FWC is to manage aquatic life and wild animal life and their habitat[s] to perpetuate a diversity of species with densities and distributions that provide sustained ecological, recreational, scientific, educational, aesthetic, and economic benefits.
		Additionally, sampling for Okefenokee pygmy sunfish will occur during the late winter and early spring when the males are in nuptial coloration and easily identified.
		Ecological data will be analyzed and presented in a fashion that will enable FWC to effectively evaluate current status of the Okefenokee pygmy sunfish and the flbanded sunfish throughout their ranges in Florida.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /basis/Projects/Freshwater_Fish_2070B9H/freshwater_fish_task_4/freshwater_fish_task_4.html (1380 words)

	Reference Library - RedOrbit
		The Elassomatidae are known collectively as pygmy sunfishes, but are not true sunfishes, which are members of family Centrarchidae.
		The pygmy sunfish grows to a maximum overall length of roughly 1.25–1.5 in (3–4 cm).
		Unlike many of the true sunfishes, the pygmy sunfishes are not popular game fish because of their size.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=663 (182 words)

	NFC: Pygmy Sunnies
		The Everglades sunfish can be collected not only from the northern edge of the Everglade swamps of Florida but also from coastal plain drainages from Mobile Bay, Alabama to Cape Fear in North Carolina.
		Unlike other native sunfish which breed very much like many New World cichlids of the Genus Cichlasoma with depositing their eggs in a "nest" either in a pit dug for spawning or directly on the substrate, the Pygmy sunfish will lay its eggs amongst fine leaf plants.
		It is best to set the Pygmy Sunfish up in a species tank of about ten gallons for a single pair and at least a twenty gallon "long" for up to three pairs.
	fins.actwin.com /fish/nanf/month.200103/msg00045.html (854 words)

	The Everglades Pygmy Sunfish, by Joseph S.
		The Everglades pygmy sunfish (Elassoma evergladei) is an interesting fish for a small single species tank.They seldom get over an inch long (largest would be 1.25).
		This and their need for small live foods makes them a poor choice for community aquariums as it will be hard providing food, and they may be eaten or harassed by other fish.
		I had known for several years (about the length I've been seriously keeping aquariums) about pygmy sunfish and they sounded like fun fish.
	www.aquarticles.com /articles/breeding/See_Pygmy_Sunfish.html (1072 words)

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