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Topic: Pylorus

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Lower esophageal sphincter

Pyloric stenosis

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	Definition of pylorus - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Learn more about "pylorus" and related topics at Britannica.com
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		See a map of "pylorus" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=pylorus (47 words)

	pylorus
		The pylorus is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum.
		The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum.
		In such conditions as stomach cancer, when tumours may partly block the pyloric canal, a special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum to assist food to pass from one to the other.
	www.icorrection.com /Ana-P/pylorus.php (194 words)

	Chapter 31 (page 152)
		The accessory canal was separated from the normal pylorus by a septum or bridge of mucosa, which conceivably could simulate a filling defect or mass lesion at a radiographic study.
		Repeat radiological examination showed that the narrowing was in reality a fistulous connection between the distal end of the pyloric sphincteric cylinder and the base of the duodenal bulb on the lesser curvature side.
		It had perforated into the duodenum and the instrument could be manipulated into the duodenum through the pylorus as well as through the channel formed by the perforation.
	med.plig.org /31 (894 words)

	Chapter 12 (page 47)
		In considering the mechanism of the pylorus it is of importance to determine, first of all, if the aperture is open or closed at rest.
		Other authors found or inferred that the pylorus was patent under fasting conditions, that it was not surrounded by a zone of elevated basal pressure, and that it did not act antagonistically to oncoming peristaltic waves (Atkinson et al.
		The state of the pylorus was determined by TV fluoroscopy and radiography, not more than one or two “spot” films being exposed (size of radiation field 14.5 x ll.5 cm).
	med.plig.org /12 (763 words)

	Chapter 25 (page 118)
		Palpation of the stomach in situ revealed a thickening of softish consistency in the pylorus on the lesser curvature side, diagnosed provisionally as a gastric polyp.
		In the pylorus, on the lesser curvature side and jutting into this mucosal fold, a rounded, pea-sized, rubbery hard mass was situated in the gastric wall.
		At the pylorus, on the lesser curvature side, a hard pea-sized nodule was felt in the gastric wall.
	med.plig.org /25 (893 words)

	Chapter 17 (page 81)
		Pyloric closure invariably occurred as the gastric peristaltic wave reached the pylorus at the midpoint of the terminal antral contraction.
		The discrete episodes of forward flow thus occurred as the terminal antrum, pylorus and duodenum were relaxed at the end or the start or each peristaltic cycle.
		The antrum was taken to be the area extending from the "angle region" to the pylorus.
	med.plig.org /17 (966 words)

	Chapter 29 (page 138)
		Type II consisted of those cases in which a gastric ulcer to the left of the angulus was associated with, and probably secondary to, an ulcer or its scar in the pylorus or duodenum; these patients were moderate and sometimes hypersecretors of acid.
		Type III included all gastric ulcers on or near the pylorus, and might be combined with a duodenal ulcer or a Type II gastric ulcer proximally; these patients usually had hypersecretion of acid.
		It was concluded that the maximal acid output decreased the farther the ulcer was away from the pylorus.
	med.plig.org /29 (778 words)

	Centrally administered neuropeptide Y delays gastric emptying via Y2 receptors in rats -- Ishiguchi et al. 281 (5): ...
		The motility of the antrum and pylorus in response to
		An icv injection of NPY and NPY-(3-36) significantly increased spontaneous motility of the antrum and pylorus.
		The motility index of the pylorus in response to feeding was not significantly affected by intracerebroventricular injection
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/5/R1522 (4932 words)

	Virtual Hospital: The Motility of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Chapter VIII
		The simultaneous acceleration and deepening indentation of the peristaltic contraction leads, in the rostral part of the antrum, to the formation of a degree of luminal occlusion ahead of the solid mass that is too large to accommodate the mass.
		The nerves of the pylorus constitute excitatory cholinergic fibers and inhibitory fibers that probably act by the release of nitric oxide.
		The opening of the pylorus after it has contracted may represent, in part, the dilating effect of the contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the stomach.
	lib.cpums.edu.cn /jiepou/tupu/atlas/www.vh.org/adult/provider/internalmedicine/motilitygastro/8.html (1584 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		reconstruction of the pyloric channel by means of a longitudinal incision through the pylorus and adjacent walls of the stomach and duodenum and the establishment of an inverted U-shaped anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum.
		(pi-lor´o-spaz”əm) [pyloro- + spasm] spasm of the pylorus or of the pyloric portion of the stomach.
		(pi”lor-ot´o-me) [pyloro- + -tomy] surgical incision of the pylorus.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_p_43zPzhtm (3288 words)

	Chapter 10 (page 40)
		In transverse section the normal pylorus presents as a hypoechoic ring with a central echogenic core, resembling a "doughnut" or "target" (Fig.
		Longitudinal sections of the normal pylorus, on which the canal length can be measured, may also be obtained.
		The relative paucity of muscular fibres in the pyloric ring suggests that it is unlikely to be a sphincter in the usually accepted sense of the word.
	med.plig.org /10 (648 words)

	Revista do Hospital das Clínicas - Double pylorus: case report and review of the literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Double pylorus is a rare condition consisting of a gastroduodenal fistula extending from the gastric antrum to the duodenal bulb through an accessory canal.
		The majority of reported cases of double pylorus are acquired and are attributed to complications of ulcers at the antrum-pyloric area or at the duodenal bulb.
		The clinical symptoms of acquired double pylorus are similar to those caused by the peptic ulcer disease and can occur before, at the time of, or even after the fistula formation.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?pid=S0041-87811999000400006&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en (1508 words)

	Pyloric Stenosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the pylorus, the lower part of the stomach through which food and other stomach contents pass to enter the small intestine.
		When an infant has pyloric stenosis, the muscles in the pylorus have become enlarged to the point where food is prevented from emptying out of the stomach.
		The pylorus is examined through a very small incision, and the muscles that are overgrown and thickened are spread.
	kidshealth.org /parent/pregnancy_newborn/medical_problems/pyloric_stenosis.html (1618 words)

	Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs -- Ueno et al. 288 (3): G487 -- AJP - ...
		Both the frequency and the amplitude gradually diminished during the vagal blockade in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum.
		In 1 dog, phasic contractions were observed of the pylorus during the vagal blockade, although the contractions of the antrum and duodenum were significantly attenuated by vagal blockade.
		Treacy PJ, Jamieson GG, and Dent J. The importance of the pylorus as a regulator of solid and liquid emptying from the stomach.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/288/3/G487 (4672 words)

	Pyloric Stenosis \| Caremark Health Resources
		The pylorus is the passage between the stomach and the small intestine.
		During the digestive process food passes through the pylorus, which is located near the bottom of the stomach, on its way to the intestines.
		This causes the pylorus to become too narrow, which prevents food from emptying out of the stomach in a normal fashion.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic103548567 (581 words)

	Chapter 14 (page 67)
		Gastroscopically these waves are seen as circular elevations moving towards the pylorus and accompanied by a shortening of the "antrum" until closure of the pylorus is complete.
		As a wave of peristalsis passes down the "antrum" and reaches the pylorus, the latter is seen to close.
		The true pylorus was situated at the end of the funnel.
	med.plig.org /14 (853 words)

	Chapter 15 (page 71)
		It was concluded that the pyloric sphincter was usually not detectable by pressure measurements and that these measurements could not be used as a means of identifying the pylorus.
		The luminal diameter of the resting pylorus in supine subjects appeared to be greater than 10.0 mm.
		It was concluded that the dog pylorus was tonically contracted and that the resting tone was increased by octapeptide of cholecystokinin.
	med.plig.org /15 (900 words)

	Early Gastric Cancer: pylorus-preserving gastrectomy .
		PPG is currently applied as a limited surgical procedure for certain patients with early gastric cancer as a result of the expected benefits obtained by the preservation of the pylorus.
		The resection of the antrum should have a significant impact on gastric emptying, because antropyloroduodenal coordination is an important factor for an appropriate control of transpyloric flow (2, 3, 4, 5).
		Functional characteristics of the pylorus in patients undergoing pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.
	www.geocities.com /surgoncnet/early3.htm (966 words)

	* Pylorus - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the outlet of the stomach, called the pylorus, as it empties into the small intestines.
		This condition is caused by a thickening of the muscles of the pylorus.
		The duodenum extends from the pylorus at the bottom of the stomach to the jejunum, the second part of the small intestine.
	www.en.mimi.hu /disease/pylorus.html (252 words)

	Deformed Pylorus
		W.S. The pylorus is the narrow opening that leads from the stomach to the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum).
		The pylorus has a muscular ring in its wall that enables it to regulate the flow of food particles into the small intestine.
		Generally, when a doctor sees a deformed pylorus endoscopically, he or she takes tissue samples and sends them to a pathologist to make sure the abnormal appearance is not due to cancer.
	health.ivillage.com /digestion/0,,6hj6,00.html (313 words)

	Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric
		In most normal anatomy, the duodenum and gallbladder are contiguous, while the pylorus is located just posterior to the pancreas and anterior to the left lobe of the liver.
		The gallbladder is adjacent to the thickened and elongated pylorus muscle.
		Thirteen cases were found to have the pylorus adjacent to and beneath the gallbladder.
	www.cvtcollege.org /~lpenrose/Miller/HPS.htm (1706 words)

	AR Online » CT & CTA » Case Reports » Double pylorus
		The upper GI series showed an antral ulcer with a ﬁstulous connection to the duodenum, also known as a “double pylorus.” Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and revealed two openings from the stomach: one the normal pylorus and one opening that appeared edematous at the margins with a clean-based ulcer, representing a gastroduodenal ﬁstula (Figure 2).
		Double pylorus or gastroduodenal ﬁstula is an unusual, but recognized, condition in which two pyloric openings connect the gastric antrum to the duodenal bulb.
		Complete tubular duplication of the pylorus was reported in one series of congenital lesions of the upper GI tract as occurring in only 1 anomaly in a collection of 281 lesions.
	www.appliedradiology.com /case/case.asp?Id=540&IssueID=125&CatID=43&SubCatID=101&ThreadID=&Quiz= (1076 words)

	Chapter 1. Digestion in Teleost Fishes
		In fish, such as the cyprinus, which lack both a stomach and pylorus, the foregut consists of the oesophagus and an intestine anterior to the opening of the bile duct.
		The control of the pylorus has not bean demonstrated in fish, but the best guess at this time is that it resembles that in higher vertebrates.
		In fish which lack a stomach, the pylorus is absent and the oesophageal sphincter serves to prevent regress of food from the intestine, i.e., in fish lacking a stomach and pylorus, the midgut attaches directly to the oesophagus.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X5738E/x5738e02.htm (8535 words)

	Chapter 21 (page 97)
		Acquired double pylorus, due to pyloroduodenal fistula, is not nearly as rare and is a well documented condition (Chap.
		The mucosa and muscularis mucosae of both apertures were normal, but a nodule of ectopic pancreatic tissue was situated in the wall of the second opening.
		It was composed of normal mucosa with a complete ring of muscularis mucosae, and the case was considered to be a double pylorus of congenital origin.
	med.plig.org /21/97.html (395 words)

	pylorus botox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		muscle at the exit of the stomach (the pylorus) and the treatment for this is a minor...
		Pylorus Botox Lift Visage, Essence of Youth is a registered trademark of Emulgen Laboratories...
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	www.a1physicians.com /249/pylorus-botox.html (266 words)

	eatef.org :: Steven's Story
		The pylorus is the muscle between the stomach and small intestine.
		By cutting the pylorus and sewing it back together so that the muscle doesn't work anymore, this allows the stomach to empty into the intestine faster and leaves very little food in the stomach to reflux.
		Opening the pylorus would allow the stomach to empty into the small intestine better and keep from refluxing back into the esophagus.
	www.eatef.org /steven.html (891 words)

	Pylorus Botox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Some cases respond to botulinum toxin ("botox") injection into the pylorus (outlet of the stomach).
		In an open-label prospective study, botulinium toxin was safe and significantly improved nausea and vomiting associated with diabetic gastroparesis.
		Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach's ability to empty its contents is impaired, unrelated to obstruction.
	www.skin-care-source.com /OPG/pylorus-botox.html (327 words)

	Pylorus
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	www.medicalglossary.net /Pylorus.htm (378 words)

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