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	Tchaikovsky - MSN Encarta
		Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, in the western Ural area of the country.
		Although Tchaikovsky's other sources of income were by then adequate to sustain him, he was wounded by the sudden defection of his patron without apparent cause, and he never forgave her.
		Tchaikovsky also extended the range of the symphonic poem, and his works in this genre, including Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, are notable for their richly melodic evocation of the moods of the literary works on which they are based.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577231/Tchaikovsky.html (739 words)

	swanlake
		Tchaikovsky himself retained a fondness for the subject, and it seems that the idea of a larger-scale ballet on it was discussed at some of the meetings held by the circle of artists, composers and writers who frequented the flat of one of the Directors of the Moscow Imperial Theatres, Vladimir Begichev.
		Tchaikovsky did not live to see it, but already soon after the original premiere he was viewing his score with characteristic gloom.
		Just as in the symphonies of his maturity there is a reconciliation of dance elements with the demands of symphonic form, so in his ballet music he was able to use his understanding of large-scale musical structures to lend greater strength and coherence to the organization of dance sequences.
	www.tchaikovsky.host.sk /work/swanlake.htm (657 words)

	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3
		Tchaikovsky was one of the earlier students of the St. Petersburg Conservatory established by Anton Rubinstein, completing his studies there to become a member of the teaching staff at the similar institution established in Moscow by Anton Rubinstein's brother Nikolay.
		Tchaikovsky, a master of the miniature forms necessary for ballet, succeeded in raising the quality of the music provided for an art that had undergone considerable technical development in 19th century Russia under the guidance of the French choreographer Marius Petipa.
		Tchaikovsky wrote a considerable quantity of songs and duets, including settings of Goethe's Mignon songs as well as of verses by a number of his contemporaries.
	www.karadar.it /Dictionary/tchaikovsky.html (782 words)

	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky biography - 8notes.com
		Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский, sometimes transliterated as Piotr, Anglicised as Peter Ilich), (May 7, 1840 –; November 6, 1893 (N.S.); April 25, 1840 –; October 25, 1893 (O.S.)) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era.
		Tchaikovsky was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint Petersburg.
		Tchaikovsky is perhaps most well known for his ballets, although it was only in his last years, with his two last ballets, that his contemporaries came to really appreciate his qualities as ballet music composer.
	www.8notes.com /biographies/tchaikovsky.asp (1365 words)

	The Symphony - Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky
		Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky was born on 7th May, 1840, at Votkinsk, Russia, to a wealthy but unmusical family. His father was a government mining official in St Petersburg, and he was the second of five children.
		Tchaikovsky's music attracted the attention of a wealthy widow Nadezdha von Meck. She offered to provide financial support and to help him as much as she could, but providing that they never meet.
		Tchaikovsky also began receiving love letters in 1877 from a woman he had never met, Antonina Milyukova. It came to the point that she threatened suicide if he did not marry her.
	library.thinkquest.org /22673/tchaikovsky.html (369 words)

	NPRN Composer of the Month - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
		Tchaikovsky's music was marked by its sensuously rhythmic pulse, which enabled him to create the world's greatest ballet music.
		Tchaikovsky's quick defense was simple; ballet music was by no means inferior to any other form of music.
		Tchaikovsky's conflicts between himself and the world’s view of him perhaps give a clue to the extremes in his music.
	net.unl.edu /musicFeat/composer/cmtchaikovsky.html (589 words)

	Pyotr the great \| \| Guardian Unlimited Arts
		Tchaikovsky's cachet is good for shifting CDs and concert tickets, but it leaves us with the impression that listening to Tchaikovsky is a pleasurable vice to be indulged rather than the kind of worthy artistic undertaking we associate with Mozart or Shakespeare.
		Yet when we look at Tchaikovsky's working practices, we see a conscientious craftsman who stuck rigidly to his regime: every morning he would sit down to a fresh sheet of manuscript paper and work for hours, regardless of whether he was otherwise happy or sad, energetic or dogged by a hangover.
		Tchaikovsky has been appreciated much better by other composers than critics, among them Mahler, Elgar, Rachmaninov and Shostakovich, who studied his dramatic timing and control of emotion and absorbed the lessons into their own music.
	arts.guardian.co.uk /fridayreview/story/0,12102,809037,00.html (1336 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilich
		Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky was the leading composer of late nineteenth-century Russia, beloved for his ballet scores, symphonic poems, symphonies, operas, songs, piano music, and chamber works.
		Tchaikovsky was born on May 7, 1840 to Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky and his second wife Aleksandra in Votinsk in the Ural Mountains.
		Tchaikovsky found his pretty bride utterly unattractive and he was unable to consummate the union.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/tchaikovsky_pi.html (766 words)

	Island of Freedom - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
		The eminent Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born on May 7 (N.S.), 1840, in a settlement adjacent to the Kama-Votkinsk Metal Works (managed by his father) in the Ural Mountains.
		Tchaikovsky taught theory in Moscow, joining the faculty of the new Moscow Conservatory when it opened in September 1866.
		Tchaikovsky's fame, as both conductor and composer, spread as the result of a series of international tours, which brought him to the United States in 1891.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /TCHAIK.HTM (691 words)

	P. I. Tchaikovsky
		They cover the period of Tchaikovsky's tempestuously abortive marriage, about which he is surprisingly candid; in addition to the Fourth Symphony, the compositions of the period include his finest and most sensitive opera, Eugene Onegin, and the ever popular Violin Concerto, as well as numerous other smaller works.
		As a youth Tchaikovsky faced the hardship of losing his mother at age 14 and was forced to deal with the cold atmosphere of a military boarding school.
		Given Tchaikovsky's unusual thinking which created dancing poetry, his tendency to portray action in musical-scenic works, a desire to embody real and eternal feelings in the world of art this could not but find an outlet in the genre of ballet music.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/t/tchaikovsky_pyotr_illyich.htm (1028 words)

	Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born to a middle class family in Votkinsk, Russia in 1840.
		While he was at the conservatory, Tchaikovsky became acquainted with a group of Russian composers.
		Tchaikovsky, along with Brahms, is probably the most performed of the late 19th century composers.
	www.uky.edu /~deen/Philharmonic/Tchaikovsky/tchaikovsky.html (160 words)

	Piotr Tchaikovsky
		Originally intended for Nikolay Rubinstein, the head of Moscow Conservatory, who had much encouraged Tchaikovsky, it was dedicated to Hans von Bülow (who gave its premiere, in Boston) when Rubinstein rejected it as ilI-composed and unplayable (he later recanted and became a distinguished interpreter of it).
		Tchaikovsky, however, saw marriage as a possible solution to his sexual problems; and when contacted by a young woman who admired his music he offered (after first rejecting her) immediate marriage.
		In 1893 he worked on his Sixth Symphony, to a plan - the first movement was to be concerned with activity and passion; the second, love; the third, disappointment; and the finale, death.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/tchaikovsky.html (674 words)

	The Peter Tchaikovsky Biography Page on Classic Cat
		Pyotr Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia (at the time the Vyatka Guberniya under Imperial Russia), the son of a mining engineer in the government mines and the second of his three wives, Alexandra, a Russian woman of French ancestry.
		From 1862 to 1865, Tchaikovsky studied harmony, counterpoint and the fugue with Zaremba, and instrumentation and composition under the director and founder of the Conservatory, Anton Rubinstein, who was impressed by Tchaikovsky's talent.
		It is possible she was planning to marry off one of her daughters to Tchaikovsky, as she also supposedly tried to marry one of them to Claude Debussy, who had lived in Russia for a time as music teacher to her family.
	www.classiccat.net /tchaikovsky_p/biography.htm (2812 words)

	Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky - an overview of the classical composer
		Although Tchaikovsky's music is now universally admired across the world, he wasn't always to receive a warm reception in his native Russia and a poor critical reception to his works understandably contributed to his periods of depression.
		For a while Tchaikovsky struck up a curious relationship with a woman called Nadezhda van Meck who became his benefactor, and her regular funding and letters of encouragement allowed him to compose without the constant worry of earning a living and he resigned from the Moscow Conservatory to concentrate on composition.
		At one stage Tchaikovsky married a female admirer, perhaps to conceal his true nature, but the marriage was a disaster.
	www.mfiles.co.uk /composers/Peter-Ilyich-Tchaikovsky.htm (1174 words)

	CLASSICAL MUSIC ARCHIVES: Tchaikovsky Biography
		With Tchaikovsky, his essence is in many ways the idealized fairy tale world of the classic ballet, and this colorful and dramatic spirit pervades much of his music, including the great symphonies.
		Tchaikovsky was later rejected by this group for being too conservatory trained, cosmopolitan and not sufficiently Russian.
		Tchaikovsky was a hyperemotional, unhappy and secretive homosexual hoping that a respectable marriage with a hero worshipping student would be a workable solution to his plight.
	www.classicalarchives.com /bios/tchaikovsky_bio.html (1206 words)

	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Composers - Public Domain Music from Royalty Free Music.com
		Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, often referred to as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer prolific during the Romantic period of music.
		Tchaikovsky was born in Kamso-Votkinsk Russia on May 7, 1840 to a mining engineer father and Russian mother of French heritage, the second of his father's three wives.
		Tchaikovsky's personal life was wrought with struggle and passion that can be seen clearly in his music.
	www.royaltyfreemusic.com /public-domain/composers/tchaikovsky.html (935 words)

	Essentials of Music - Composers
		Tchaikovsky is best known for his ballets and symphonies.
		In many ways, Tchaikovsky's life and career placed him uncomfortably between different worlds, and this conflict was a central aspect of his creative life.
		Tchaikovsky's musical training at the newly founded St. Petersburg conservatory was likewise influenced by European ideals.
	www.essentialsofmusic.com /composer/tchaikovsky.html (525 words)

	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
		Composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in May 1840 in Votkinsk.
		In 1866 Tchaikovsky became a Professor at the Moscow Conservatoire.
		Two of Tchaikovsky's last works were The Nutcracker and Pathetique which he composed shortly before he died on November 6, 1893 in St Petersburg.
	www.biogs.com /composers/tchaikovsky.html (333 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Tchaikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tchaikovsky in an early letter to Nadezhda von Meck wrote that his name was Polish and his ancestors were "probably Polish." Musically precocious, he began piano lessons at the age of five.
		Her claim of financial ruin, however, is widely disregarded and it is believed that she ended her patronage of Tchaikovsky because she discovered the maverick composer's true sexual orientation.
		Tchaikovsky himself was less satisfied with this, his last ballet.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/tchaikovsky (2196 words)

	Great Performances . Educational Resources . Composer Biographies . Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky \| PBS
		Originally intended for Nikolay Rubinstein, the head of the Moscow Conservatory, who had much encouraged Tchaikovsky, it was dedicated to Hans von Bülow (who gave its première, in Boston) when Rubinstein rejected it as ill-composed and unplayable (he later recanted and became a distinguished interpreter of it).
		It was a disaster: he escaped from her almost at once, in a state of nervous collapse, attempted suicide and went abroad.
		The next three years saw the composition of two ballets, the finely characterized "Sleeping Beauty" and the more decorative "Nutcracker," and the opera "The Queen of Spades," with its ingenious atmospheric use of Rococo music (it is set in Catherine the Great's Russia) within a work of high emotional tension.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/gperf/education/tchaikovsky.html (639 words)

	Internet Public Library: Music History 102
		Tchaikovsky, always self-critical, felt he was unable to grasp the concepts of musical form, and so relied heavily on romantic melodies and colorful orchestration.
		Tchaikovsky hinted that this symphony had a program of some kind, but never made clear what it was.
		Tchaikovsky died soon after the premiere of the symphony, very likely from suicide, although the jury is still out on that.
	www.ipl.org /div/mushist/rom/tchaikovsky.htm (622 words)

	Eugene Onegin - Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky
		While Tchaikovsky was writing Eugene Onegin, he received a passionate love letter from an unnoticed young woman who attended one of his large lecture hall classes and who was begging to meet him.
		Caught up in his own disdain for Onegin and his sympathy for Tatiana, Tchaikovsky who was 37 years old had been considering marriage for some time, hoping to achieve the comforts of a regular home life and to overcome the gossip about his veritable homosexuality.
		One odd musical technique that Tchaikovsky borrows from Mikhail Glinka is singing that is done off stage that increases in volume as the singers come from the wings.
	www.culturevulture.net /Opera/Onegin.htm (1348 words)

	Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - famous Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Classics hit collection and Pyotr ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tchaikovsky was a man of neurotic diffidence, his self-doubt increased by his homosexuality.
		His music is thoroughly Russian in character, but, although he was influenced by Balakirev and the ideals of the Five Russian nationalist composers, he may be seen as belonging rather to the more international school of composition fostered by the Conservatories that Balakirev so much deplored.
		TCHAIKOVSKY: 1812 Overture / Romeo and Juliet / Capriccio Italien
	www.naxos.com /composerinfo/1033.htm (1403 words)

	Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although not a member of the group of Russian composers usually known in English-speaking countries as 'The Five', his music has come to be known and loved for its distinctly Russian character as well as for its rich harmonies and stirring melodies.
		The two vocal selections are a song that Ophelia sings in the throes of her madness, and a song for the First Gravedigger to sing as he goes about his work.
		Tchaikovsky cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky (3586 words)

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