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Topic: Pyramid of Djoser

	Saqqara; Djosers Step Pyramid
		Djoser was so pleased with his loyal service and exceptional talents that he had Imhotep´s name inscribed on the base of one of his own statues, a rare honour.
		The pyramid sits in the north of the courtyard, roughly in the middle of the whole complex.
		A large quantity of pottery from the origins of earlier Kings has led to the suggestion that Djoser was interring the relics of his ancestors as an act of piety.
	www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk /djosersteppyramid.html (1707 words)

	Djoser Complex (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Djoser's funerary monument was the first time that stone architecture had been used on such a large scale in Egypt.
		The pyramid and the related structures which constitute the Djoser complex are surrounded by an imposing wall in light Tura limestone interrupted by simulacra of fourteen doors which probably follows the form of the wall at Memphis at the time.
		Djoser's pyramid seems to have initially taken the form of a huge mastaba, but it was gradually extended and elaborated until it consisted of six massive steps reaching a height of 60 meters, making it clearly visible from the capital city of
	www.grisel.net /djosercomplex.htm (403 words)

	The Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara in Egypt, An Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Great Step Pyramid Complex at Saqqara, known to the ancient Egyptians as kbhw-ntrw (libation of the deities), is one of those superstars of Egyptian monuments that is almost always on the itinerary of antiquity tours to Egypt, and for good reason.
		Djoser is actually the name given to this king by visitors to the site one thousand years after its construction, but actually the only name found on its walls is that of Netjerykhet.
		Because of its originality, the group of buildings constituting Djoser's pyramid complex is usually seen as the expression of Egyptian political stability at the beginning of the Old Kingdom.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/dsteppyramid1.htm (1656 words)

	The Step Pyramid presented in History section
		Djoser, was the second king of the 3rd Dynasty (2667 - 2648 BC).
		The mastaba built by Imhotep for Djoser was enlarged on at least three occasions, covering a line of eleven shafts which had been sunk along the eastern side of the structure.
		Originally, this consisted of a vertical shaft 7 x 7 metres which was sunk to a depth of 8.5 metres and a passage running away from it to the north, beyond the edge of the mastaba.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/the_step_pyramid (1183 words)

	The Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara in Egypt - The Primary Pyramid Structure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This pyramid is considered to be the evolutionary basis of all later pyramids in Egypt.
		Pyramids, claims that Lauer thought the original burial vault had alabaster walls and a pavement of diorite or schist.) During the reconstruction, the limestone blocks with the stars were removed, fragments of which were discovered in the surrounding area.
		Of course, if Djoser were to have destroyed a whole series of his predecessor's tombs, the act in itself would have not shown much reverence, and there is no evidence of such tombs from the Old Kingdom being destroyed.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/dsteppyramid2.htm (2144 words)

	The Egyptian Dream, the pyramids (Explorer)
		The pyramid was built during the reign of Djoser, pharaoh of the third dynasty who ruled in the period between 2700 and 2600BC.
		The first pyramid is the pyramid of Dashur with its strange shape and the second one is the pyramid of Sneferu.
		Pyramids were built to help the pharaoh to reach the sky, they were considered as steps that the pharaoh would climb until he reaches the sky.
	www.geocities.com /TheTropics/Shores/7037/pyramids/pyramids.htm (1325 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pyramid of king Djoser and a section of its mastaba.
		The pyramid of king Djoser with a section of its central burial chambers.
		Brickwork of the pyramid and the mortuary precinct.
	lib.haifa.ac.il /www/art/djoser.html (171 words)

	Pyramid of Djoser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pyramid of Djoser was built for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by his Vizier Imhotep.
		This first Egyptian pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another in what were clearly revisions and developments of the original plan.
		The pyramid originally stood 62 meters tall and was clad in polished white limestone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyramid_of_Djoser (404 words)

	Egypt: The Step Pyramid of King Djoser at Saqqara (Sakkara)
		During an excavation in 1924-26, a pedestal of a statue of Djoser (Zoser) was found.
		On the northern side of the pyramid, a few blocks of the casing remain.
		The statue of Djoser (Zoser) that was found by excavators, was found in the Tomb Chamber.
	interoz.com /egypt/stepyram.htm (689 words)

	Pyramid complexes of Egypt
		The primal archetype of the Egyptian obelisk and pyramid was the sacred Ben-Ben stone in the temple of Heliopolis, the oldest centre of the sun cult.
		His pyramid complex was the first built at the new royal burial ground at Abusir, and marks the decline of pyramid building, both in the size and quality, though many of the reliefs are very well done.
		The Pyramids of Abusir, which date to the 5th Dynasty, are regarded as the peak of development of the standard pyramid complex even though their architectural quality and size are far less impressive than the Pyramids of Giza.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /pyramids.htm (1530 words)

	Old Kingdom Egypt - Pyramids
		The Old Kingdom pyramids have survived and outlived their Middle and New Kingdom counterparts and still have humans gaping in awe as to how they were constructed, as we still don't possess the abilities to recreate such a wonder.
		The pinnacle of pyramid construction was in the fourth dynasty, with the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure on the Giza Plateau.
		Djoser's burial chamber is at the bottom of a shaft more than 30m under the base of the pyramid.
	alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au /BLP/websites/egypt/PYRAMIDS.HTM (556 words)

	FUN ZONE - Fun Guides
		Pyramids are not the only large stone structures built by early Egyptians.
		Pyramids were the centerpieces for large building complexes of tombs and temples for worshipping their gods.
		Djoser's Step Pyramid is 204 feet high and was the largest known manmade structure of its time.
	www.seaworld.org /fun-zone/fun-guides/egypt/pyramid-power.htm (167 words)

	The Accretion Theory
		They found that for the most part the major pyramids at Dahshur and Giza were too well preserved to reveal much about their interior structure, but in every place where they could examine portions of the nucleus of these pyramids they saw only blocks laid horizontally rather than on a slant.
		The pit and the passage left in the body of the [Sahure’s] pyramid are alone quite sufficient to exclude the possibility that the nucleus of the pyramid consisted of a central core against which, proceeding from the inside outward, layers of gradually decreasing height were placed.
		He suggests that Imhotep, Djoser’s architect, adopted the slanting layers for the higher steps as a means of ensuring stability for the layers.) Interestingly, the size of blocks employed for these non-pyramidal structures tended to increase in the late Dynasty III to early Dynasty IV period.
	www.catchpenny.org /accretion.html (3070 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - Step Pyramid of Netjerikhet's Funerary Complex
		The Step Pyramid has gotten its modern-day name from the fact that it is not a true geometrical pyramid, but consists of 6 rectangular steps, each step smaller than the one beneath.
		The pyramid at Meidum was started as a Step Pyramid, probably already by Snofru of the 4th Dynasty, but is was reshaped as a true geometrical pyramid during that same reign.
		The substructure of the pyramid too was built in stages and altered to compensate for the increasing size of the superstructure.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/netjerikhet/pyramid.html (1661 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Buried Pyramid of Sekhemkhet
		In the construction of the pyramid, the same technique was used as for Djoser's: accretions leaning inwards by 15°, with sloping courses of relatively small stone blocks were laid at right angles to the incline.
		The substructure of the pyramid wasn't as complex as Djoser's.
		The roughly rectangular burial chamber of the pyramid, located directly under the centre of the monument, measured 8.9 by 5.22 by 4.55 metres and was left unfinished.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/sekhemkhet/pyramid.html (483 words)

	EgyptSites - Djoser
		Djoser's mortuary temple lies against the northern wall of the pyramid, unlike later pyramids which usually had the mortuary temples on the eastern side.
		It would seem from recent study that the Step Pyramid was first constructed as a square mastaba which was enlarged and expanded in six stages, eventually becoming a 4-step mastaba and then a 6-step structure which was no longer square, but had become a rectangle oriented east-west.
		Djoser's complex was first investigated by Napoleon's expedition but the entrance tunnel and underground galleries were not found until the early part of the 19th century.
	www.egyptsites.co.uk /lower/saqqara/pyramids/djoser.html (2190 words)

	The Djed Pillar and the Body of Asar - the God of Resurrection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is clear that the King's pyramid was seen as an embodiment of Osiris and that he himself was this Osiris.
		Djoser was the first king to have a stone pyramid built and according to one chronology only 60 years passed between the completion of the Step pyramid of Djoser and the beginning of the Great Pyramid of Khufu.
		This was a common practice of the quarry workers and stones in other pyramids have also been found with similar inscriptions sometimes telling the date, the name of the King or the destination of the stone.
	www.pyramidofman.com /Osiris-Djed.htm (2468 words)

	SAQQARA
		Djoser's complex is remarkable because not only was it the worlds' first ever pyramid, it is also acknowledged as the worlds' first completely stone building.
		The fact that Djoser was able to build such a massive and innovative structure suggests that during his reign Egypt was politically stable, with a successful economy.
		Pyramid of Userkaf who was considered to be the founder of the 5th Dynasty.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /saqqara.htm (1610 words)

	The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While the exact dating of the pyramid remains in question most scholars would agree that it was constructed either by Huni or in the early part of the reign of his immediate successor, Snefru.
		The pyramid on Elephantine Island was most definitely not intended to house the mortal remains of the king - it was solid to its core and lacked a subterranean chamber.
		The pyramids he is thought to have made (Meidum and two at Dahshur) contain some 3.5 million cubic metres of stone, making him the greatest pyramid builder in history.
	home.austarnet.com.au /maat/pyramids.html (1828 words)

	Saqqara and the Step Pyramid of Djoser
		The years before Djoser came to the throne were apparently characterized by rival pharaohs and civil war— the royal cemeteries show signs of massive destruction and burning—but eventually the Land was reunited by a pharaoh known as Khasekhemwy (“Appearance of the Two Powers”) who seems to have died without male issue.
		Between the pyramid complex and the northern end of the enclosure was a large open area known as the Northern Court.
		Djoser's son and successor Sekhemkhet built a similar complex at Saqqara and there is evidence of at least two others to the west.
	www.odysseyadventures.ca /articles/saqqara/saqqara_text.htm (2962 words)

	Egyptian Journey 2003: Photos: Saqqara: Step Pyramid of Djoer
		The pyramid is 62.5 meters high, and rectangular in shape, 121 x 109 meters.
		The tomb of Zoser himself is buried under the pyramid in a deep shaft.
		On the eastern side of the pyramid are another eleven shafts, where the queens and royal children.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/egypt/photos/saqqara/djoser-01.html (272 words)

	Egyptian Journey 2003: Maidum: Pyramid of Maidum
		But it is interesting because of the unique role it plays in the history of pyramid building -- it marks the intermediary step between the Step Pyramid of Djoser and the true pyramids found later at Dashur and in Giza.
		There is some argument as to who actually built this pyramid -- some believe that it was started (if not finished) by Huni, the last king of the third dynasty.
		The stones were laid with a noticeable inward slant to attempt to resist the natural forces trying to flatten the pyramid.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/egypt/photos/maidum/pyramid-01.html (290 words)

	Pyramid review - Pi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Evidence has shown that pyramid building was a process that evolved from the simple pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara to the Great Pyramid at Giza.
		It is clear that the slopes of the pyramids were based on such practical engineering considerations as the strength of materials and the number of inches in a cubit.
		It is clear that the dimensions of the pyramids were based on such considerations as the strength of materials and the number of fingers in a cubit and have nothing whatsoever to do with occult knowledge.
	www.phact.org /phact/pyramid.html (2344 words)

	Djoser's Step Pyramid
		Djoser took this design one step further, adding his step pyramid to the mastaba complex, which was, essentially, several mastabas placed on top of each other.
		Djoser's Step Pyramid was built in the third dynasty (2686 - 2613 B.C.), sometime after 2650 B.C. It is the first known pyramid in the history of architecture.
		The building of this pyramid would have been a particularly difficult challenge for the workers because of a major difference in how it was built compared to how buildings are built currently (aside from the modern technology, of course).
	puffin.creighton.edu /museums/cohagan/saqqara_djoser.htm (180 words)

	Egyptian Pyramids
		It is referred to as the Red Pyramid, because of its colour, or the North Pyramid because of its position at Dashur south of Cairo.
		To the east of the pyramid, some of the smooth basalt paving of the mortuary temple remains and the causeway which led to the river temple is now buried with the valley temple being under modern buildings.
		Although being influenced by the Egyptian pyramids, the pyramids in Nubia had their own style and were built on a smaller scale and with steeper sides.
	homepage.powerup.com.au /~ancient/pyra1.htm (972 words)

	PYRAMIDS OF ANCIENT EGYPT SPHINX AND RA THE SUN GOD QUEEN CLEOPATRA FIGURE HEAD, SOLAR BOAT, SOLAR COLA
		His pyramid at Medum began as a step pyramid and was then modified to form the first true pyramid.
		His is the smaller pyramid, but as it is built on higher ground, and has a slightly steeper angle, it appears the larger.
		Small-scale pyramids are found from Saqqara to Nubia, but the best known examples are those built by the workmen and officials of Deir el-Medina, the village of the royal workforce employed in the Valley of the Kings.
	www.solarnavigator.net /pyramids.htm (1845 words)

	Step Pyramid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyramid of Unas, the first pyramid with a decorated burial chamber.
		Remains of the Pyramid of Teti (2345 - 2323 BC).
		The Red Pyramid and the Bent Pyramid in the distance, with a Mastaba halfway in the distance.
	gei.aerobatics.ws /egypt_step_pyramid.html (452 words)

	Djoser Step Pyramid Original height
		Indeed, this pyramid actually started out as a mastaba, and was expanded in a series of stages that result in its present appearance which is a pyramid consisting of 6 distinct steps.
		This pyramid has the most complex underground layout, and was one of the very first of its kind.
		Pyramids were not built as stand alone structures but were part of a complex that consisted of standardized components.
	www.guardians.net /egypt/pyramids/saqqara/DjoserStepPyramid.htm (950 words)

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