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Topic: Pyramidal cell

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	Pyramidal cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pyramidal cell (or pyramidal neuron, or projection neuron) is a multipolar neuron located in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
		Pyramidal cells are tall and conical, triangular in tissue sections.
		Pyramidal cells are the output neurons of the cerebrum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyramidal_cells (345 words)

	A light and electron microscopic analysis of the mossy fibers of the rat dentate gyrus. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Those that arise from cells near the tip of the suprapyramidal blade tend to be confined to the region above field CA3; those from cells nearer the crest and from the infrapyramidal blade ramify widely throughout the hilus.
		Note that the mossy fiber passes directly from the hilus to CA, avoiding the proximal portion of the pyramidal cell layer; in this case the parent mossy fibers and two of the collaterals were cut (as indication by the filled circle at its termination) when the slice was made.
		Cell 1 had five primary branches exiting from the parent mossy fiber, whereas cell 2 had six; both cells had collaterals cut (filled circles) at the same edge of the slice, although the cut ends on cell 2 were closer to the cell body, which perhaps accounts for the smaller collateral length of this cell.
	www.utsa.edu /claibornelab/Compneuro_1986.html (1962 words)

	Polarized and compartment-dependent distribution of HCN1 in pyramidal cell dendrites - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Punctate, relatively weak immuno-staining of the neuropil was observed in all layers, the somata of nerve cells and the cytoplasm of large diameter dendrites being apparently immunonegative.
		As the cell bodies of the CA1 pyramidal cells are nicely arranged in a single well defined layer, the stratum pyramidale, pyramidal cell dendrites and spines in any given segment of the strata radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare are approximately the same distance away from their parent somata.
		Pyramidal cell dendrites were identified from the lack of asymmetrical synapses on the shaft; they may receive symmetrical synapses, and they usually contained mitochondria.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nn962 (6308 words)

	Cortexhist.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neurons are specialized to react to stimuli received on their dendrites or cell body, to transmit the resulting excitation rapidly to other portions of the cell, including their long axon, and then to pass this signal via their axon to other neurons, muscle cells, and glandular cells.
		These cells are found in the spinal ganglia of the spinal nerves (dorsal root ganglia) as well as in several of the sensory nuclei of the cranial nerve nuclei.
		All pyramidal cells are not equal...they have different sizes and functions, depending on the cortical layer that they are found in.
	www.utsa.edu /tsi/assign/histo/html/ultrastruct.htm (2153 words)

	The Pyramidal Cell in Cognition: A Comparative Study in Human and Monkey -- Elston et al. 21 (17): 163 -- Journal of ...
		The density of spines on the dendrites of pyramidal cells
		Elston GN (2001) Interlaminar differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype in cortical areas 7m and STP (the superior temporal polysensory area) of the macaque monkey.
		Elston GN, Rosa MGP (2000) Pyramidal cells, patches, and cortical columns: a comparative study of infragranular neurons in TEO, TE, and the superior temporal polysensory area of the macaque monkey.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/17/RC163 (3902 words)

	Ganglion cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A ganglion cell (sometimes called a gangliocyte) is a type of neuron located in the retina of the eye that receives visual information from photoreceptors via various intermediate cells such as bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells.
		These cells are known as midget retinal ganglion cells, based on the small sizes of their dendritic trees and cell bodies.
		These cells are known as parasol retinal ganglion cells, based on the large sizes of their dendritic trees and cell bodies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ganglion_cell (644 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Pyramidal cell - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Pyramidal cell : large, multipolar, pyramid\-shaped, cerebrocortical ganglion cell type which projects axons to other brain areas and the spinal cord.
		Pyramidal cell : Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus.
		Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/pyramidal_cell.htm (247 words)

	Does a Unique Type of CA3 Pyramidal Cell in Primates Bypass the Dentate Gate? -- Buckmaster 94 (1): 896 -- Journal of ...
		Field potentials (insets) were recorded at the border of the granule cell layer and polymorphic layer, on-center with the recorded pyramidal cells.
		Golgi study of cell types in the hilar region of the hippocampus in the rat.
		Recurrent excitation of granule cells with basal dendrites and low interneuron density and inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in the dentate gyrus of macaque monkeys.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/94/1/896 (2272 words)

	Morphological changes of the pyramidal cell nucleolus and nucleus in hamster frontal cortex during development and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Morphological changes of the pyramidal cell nucleolus and nucleus in hamster frontal cortex during development and aging.
		The development and aging of the nucleolus and nucleus in layer V pyramidal cells in the hamster cerebrum were studied by light and electron microscopy.
		An intranucleolar body was not observed at the electron at the electron-microscopy level in these pyramidal cell nucleoli at any age in this series, in contrast to the situation in large motor neurons of the facial nucleus.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7242160.html (288 words)

	Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Spike Transmission Is Frequency Dependent and Responsible for Place Modulation ...
		Borst JG, Sakmann B (1999) Depletion of calcium in the synaptic cleft of a calyx-type synapse in the rat brainstem.
		Csicsvari J, Hirase H, Czurkó A, Buzsáki G (1998) Reliability and state dependence of pyramidal cell-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus: an ensemble approach in the behaving rat.
		Miles R (1990) Synaptic excitation of inhibitory cells by single CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells of the guinea-pig in vitro.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/2/RC197 (3525 words)

	Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex -- Roy et al. ...
		Pyramidal cell layer of the CA3 region of the hippocampus at PN30 in control (A) and nicotine-exposed (B) rats.
		in nonpyramidal interneurons at the expense of pyramidal neurons.
		Altman J and Bayer SA (1990b) Prolonged sojourn of developing pyramidal cells in the intermediate zone of the hippocampus and their settling in the stratum pyramidale.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/300/1/124 (5778 words)

	Cellular1-21
		Note the different shapes of cell bodies, indicating that many types of cells are present in the cortex.
		The cell bodies are concentrated in the central portion (gray matter) of the spinal cord, while the axons of ascending (afferent) and descending (efferent) pathways compose the outer portion (white matter).
		Pyramidal neurons are the dominant cells in the cortex (70% to 90% of cortical neurons).
	www.coloradocollege.edu /idprog/Neuroscience/Cellular1-21.html (434 words)

	Contrasting roles of axonal (pyramidal cell) and dendritic (interneuron) electrical coupling in the generation of ...
		Contrasting roles of axonal (pyramidal cell) and dendritic (interneuron) electrical coupling in the generation of neuronal network oscillations -- Traub et al.
		Inhibition in pyramidal cells not only hyperpolarizes the latter but also interferes with the ability of axonal spikes to propagate to other axons, thereby phasically diminishing the gain of the system.
		Signals are the average (inverted) somatic potential of 224 nearby pyramidal cells, the average somatic potential of 28 nearby interneurons, and the somatic potential of a single pyramidal cell (hyperpolarized with
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/3/1370 (3118 words)

	Pyramidal Neuron Cell Bodies In Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pyramidal neurons in deep layer 3 of the prefrontal cortex play an important central role in both thalamocortical and corticocortical connections.
		Pierri et al (2001) therefore examined abnormalities in pyramidal neuron cell bodies in deep layer 3 of area 9 in the prefrontal cortex in 28 postmortem patients diagnosed with schizophrenia relative to age-, sex-, and postmortem interval-matched controls.
		Decreased somal size of deep layer 3 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.
	www.indegene.com /Psy/Jour/indJour_AGP_Sum_01-05-2001_4.asp (249 words)

	Impact of Heterogeneous Perisomatic IPSC Populations on Pyramidal Cell Firing Rates -- Aradi et al. 91 (6): 2849 -- ...
		Impact of Heterogeneous Perisomatic IPSC Populations on Pyramidal Cell Firing Rates -- Aradi et al.
		pyramidal cells depending on the mean around which the scatter
		that the pyramidal cell received, and the IPSC reversal potential.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/6/2849 (324 words)

	Cerebrum
		Further down you should begin to see the characteristic cell of the cortex, the pyramidal cell whose upper pointed end continues toward the surface of the brain as an apical dendrite.
		From the base of this cell emerge a number of short basal dendrites and an axon (generally larger diameter) which extends into the deep part of the cortex.
		The largest pyramidal cells are found in layer V (the ganglionic layer).
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab9/lab9cerebrum.html (672 words)

	Activation of neuropeptide Y receptors is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice ...
		AMPA-induced cell degeneration in the dentate granule and CA1 pyramidal cell layers and neuroprotection by NPY receptor activation.
		Kainate-induced cell degeneration in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers and neuroprotection by NPY receptor activation.
		A) Densitometric measurements of propidium iodide (PtdIns) uptake induced by 6 µM KA in the dentate granule (DG), CA1, and CA3 pyramidal cell layers and the effect of LY303070 (15 µM) on the toxicity induced by kainate in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/9/1118 (1170 words)

	Pyramidal Cell Function
		This model is a simplified model of one pyramidal cell of the CA3 Field of the Hippocampus and the Long Term Potentiation that it undergoes.
		3) Upon entrance to the pyramidal cell, the calcium ions bind to calmodulin molceules in the cell.
		The ease with which the cell responds to stimulus, however, is captured and shown in the plot that accompanies the model.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/ltp04/pyramidal.htm (497 words)

	The Effects of Thiopental and Propofol on Cell Swelling Induced by Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation in the CA1 Pyramidal Cell ...
		The Effects of Thiopental and Propofol on Cell Swelling Induced by Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation in the CA1 Pyramidal Cell Layer of Rat Hippocampal Slices -- Qi et al.
		Cell swelling in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer was evaluated
		(16), an attenuation of ischemic cell swelling by propofol was
	www.anesthesia-analgesia.org /cgi/content/full/94/3/655 (2839 words)

	Target cell-specific modulation of transmitter release at terminals from a single axon -- Scanziani et al. 95 (20): ...
		pyramidal cell layer, until an increase in the frequency of the
		The monosynaptic response between the same presynaptic pyramidal cell and a subsequently recorded postsynaptic pyramidal cell (3) was not affected by L-AP4.
		to pyramidal synapse was 0.28 ± 0.5 and 0.28 ± 0.4 (n = 3).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/20/12004 (4610 words)

	GABA uptake regulates cortical excitability via cell type−specific tonic inhibition - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		in pyramidal cells under baseline conditions could be due either to the absence of appropriate receptors or to insufficient concentrations of GABA sensed by the neuron.
		in pyramidal cells in the presence of 2
		No recordings were made from neurons with a pyramidal cell morphology in stratum radiatum because of the possibility that they could represent displaced pyramidal cells.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nn1043 (5179 words)

	Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Regulate Phasic Activation of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells by Estrogen -- ...
		Photomicrographs of c-Fos labeling in the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cell layer from animals treated with estrogen for 2 h.
		Bar graphs of the density of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in the dorsal (A) and ventral (B) CA1 pyramidal cell layer from animals treated with estrogen for 2 h, with or without T pretreatment.
		Photomicrographs of c-Fos labeling in the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cell layer from animals treated with estrogen for 24 h.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/1/179 (5665 words)

	Fluoxetine Selectively Alters 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A and gamma -Aminobutyric AcidB Receptor-Mediated Hyperpolarization ...
		The resting membrane potential (in millivolts) was the potential of the cell with no holding current applied through the electrode.
		Andrade, R. and Nicoll, R. Pharmacologically distinct actions of serotonin on single pyramidal neurones of the rat hippocampus recorded in vitro.
		Bilkey, D. and Schwartzkroin, P. Variation in electrophysiology and morphology of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/281/1/115 (4747 words)

	McCormick Lab
		Enclosed are movies of intracellular recordings from either single relay cells during spontaneous intrinsic oscillations, or during the generation of spindle waves.
		These movies are highly instructional in that they give a real time "feel" for how these cells behave.
		Movie of the Response of a Cortical Cell to the Presentation of High Contrast followed by a Low Contrast Grating:
	info.med.yale.edu /neurobio/mccormick/movies.html (249 words)

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