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Topic: Pyranometer

	Pyranometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used to measure broadband solar irradiance on a planar surface.
		In other words: a pyranometer is a sensor that is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (in watts per metre square) from a field of view of 180 degrees.
		Pyranometers are standardised according to the ISO 9060 standard, that is also adopted by WMO, the World Meteorological Organisation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyranometer (551 words)

	Patent 5331168: Reference grade solar ultraviolet band pyranometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The pyranometer of claim 2 wherein said thermal stabilization means comprises heater means surrounding said thermal mass, for heating said thermal mass sensing means for sensing the temperature of said thermal mass and proportional control means responsive to said sensor means for regulating said heater means.
		The pyranometer of claim 9 wherein said thermal stabilization means comprises heater means surrounding said thermal mass for heating said thermal mass, sensing means for sensing the temperature of said thermal mass and proportional control means responsive to said sensor means for regulating said heater means.
		The pyranometer of claim 13 wherein said thermal stabilization means comprises heater means surrounding said thermal mass for heating said thermal mass, sensing means for sensing the temperature of said thermal mass and proportional control means responsive to said sensor means for regulating said heater means.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5331168.html (3450 words)

	UO SRML: Schenk Star pyranometer
		The Schenk Star pyranometer is a fl and white star type pyranometer that has six fl and six white segments.
		The Schenk pyranometer measures the temperature difference between the fl and white surfaces which both see the same sky temperature.
		At the Eugene station, we are measuring the diffuse radiation with a shade disk, with both an Eppley PSP and a Schenk Star pyranometer.
	solardat.uoregon.edu /SchenkStar.html (302 words)

	HSU - ERE Pyranometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		A pyranometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of solar radiation (power) the sun produces in a specific location.
		A pyranometers output is in millivolts and each instrument is calibrated to measure the power emitted by the sun in Watts/meter
		Each pyranometer is calibrated and a specific calibration constant (numerical value) is given to accurately calculate the output in watts.
	humboldt.edu /~ere_dept/academics/equipment_tech_com/pyranometer.html (238 words)

	UO SRML: LI-COR pyranometer
		While thermopile based pyranometers such as an Eppley PSP have fairly uniform spectral response over the wavelength of interest, solar cell based pyranometers, such as the LI-COR have a marked spectral response to incident solar radiation.
		Under cloudy conditions, the diffuse responsivity of the LICOR pyranometer is approximately the same as found for the total responsivity under clear skies.
		The percentage of solar radiation detected by the solar cell base pyranometer varies depending on whether the sky is blue (clear) or gray (cloudy).
	solardat.uoregon.edu /LICORPyranometer.html (400 words)

	FED/MAC Data:Pyranometer Data Sets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Measurements of hemispherical downwelling solar irradiance and hemispherical upwelling reflected radiance from the forest canopy were taken with pyranometers (0.3 to 3.0 micron) mounted on the tower in the Northern Experimental Forest in Howland, Maine.
		The pyranometer instantaneous output voltages were recorded in digital form at 59 second intervals on an automatic data logger.
		The pyranometers used in this study were intercalibrated against a reference instrument by exposing all instruments upward on a clear, cloudless day.
	fedwww.gsfc.nasa.gov /html/fedmac/pyranomt/pyranomt.html (142 words)

	UVB-1/UVA-1 ULTRAVIOLET PYRANOMETER
		The measurement technique employed in both instruments utilizes colored glass filters and a highly stable UV-sensitive fluorescent phosphor to stop all of the sun's visible light and convert UV photons into visible light, which, in turn, is measured by a solid-state photodetector.
		The spectral response of the UVB-1 Pyranometer is very similar to the erythemal (sunburn) and DNA damage action spectra, making it also ideal for climatological and biological impact studies.
		The UVB-1 Pyranometer utilizes a fluorescent phosphor to convert UV-B light to visible light, which is in turn accurately measured by a solid-state photodiode.
	www.yesinc.com /products/data/uvb1/index.html (1024 words)

	Solar Radiation Sensors
		The CM 6B Pyranometer is suitable for the routine measurement of incoming global solar radiation (0.3 to 2.8 µm spectral range), diffuse sky irradiance measurements, and surface reflected solar radiation measurement research.
		The CM 11 Pyranometer is well suited for the measurement of incoming global solar radiation (0.3 to 2.8 µm spectral range), diffuse sky irradiance measurements, and surface reflected solar radiation measurement research.
		The CM 22 Pyranometer is specifically designed for high accuracy diffuse solar radiation measurement research, and to also serve as a calibration transfer reference instrument.
	www.omniinstruments.co.uk /airweath/kippzonen/kippsolar.html (2055 words)

	ESL - Pyranometer Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Pyranometers are usually used to measure global horizontal solar radiation at a site.
		One sensor is aligned horizontally (plot 1), and three sensors are tilted 40 degrees and are oriented 60 degrees east of south(plot 2), 60 degrees west of south (plot 3), and due south (plot 4).
		The Shadow Band Pyranometer (SBP, plot 6) measures diffuse radiation, which is all the radiation except that from the solar disk, and is corrected for the shading band that masks the solar disk.
	lstaraxp.tamu.edu /lab/solrplt.html (516 words)

	UO SRML: Eppley PSP
		The Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) is a World Meteorological Organization First Class Radiometer, designed for the measurement of total solar radiation (the sum of direct and diffuse).
		The most accuracy way to calibrate a pyranometer is to measure the direct normal beam irradiation with an Absolute Cavity Radiometer and the diffuse irradiance with a fl and white pyranometer shaded by a disk.
		For the pyranometer in shown in the above figure the calibration factor is 7.00 µV/Wm, although the calibration number varies depending on the zenith angle.
	solardat.uoregon.edu /EppleyPSP.html (433 words)

	Weather-Pro Pyranometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The pyranometer gives good accuracy without the expense and maintenance required by a thermopile pyranometer.
		Pyranometer has a relatively large surface compared to many photo diode sensors.
		An ideal pyranometer collects radiation from horizon to horizon and should therefore have a reception angle of 180° in all directions.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~gpse/gphr/pyranometer.html (333 words)

	solar radiation sensors,solar radiation instruments,pyranometer
		The pyranometer's output is 4-20 mA with a two wire configuration.
		Determining the solar radiation and its interaction with the atmosphere and the Earth's surface is important, since solar radiation accounts for almost all of the energy available to the Earth.
		Pyranometers measure the total radiation or sum of the direct radiation and the diffuse solar radiation.
	www.globalw.com /products/we300.html (337 words)

	Kipp & Zonen - CM 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		The CM 21 Pyranometer is well suited for the measurement of incoming global solar radiation (305 to 2800 nm spectral range), diffuse sky irradiance measurements, and surface reflected solar radiation measurement research.
		The CM 21 pyranometer is designed for measuring the irradiance (radiant flux, Watt/m²) on a plane surface, which results from the direct solar radiation and from the diffuse radiation incident from the hemisphere above.
		Like the CM 11 pyranometer, the CM 21 complies with the specifications for the best of three classes, "High quality", as defined in the 'Guide to meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation', sixth edition, 1996, of the World Meteorological.
	www.kippzonen.com /product/cm21.html (234 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Keep in mind that each pyranometer has a unique cosine response correction, and the figure is only representative of corrections applied for a single unique radiometer.
		Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets The Eppley Laboratory Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) used to measure the diffuse sky radiation is known to have a thermal offset voltage which is a function of the net infrared radiation (or infrared radiation balance between the radiometer and the sky).
		Our study of the correlations between the offsets seen in the Saudi network radiometers and the net infrared show that offsets range from 0 to -15 watts per square meter, with a mean value of -4 Watts per square meter and two-sigma standard deviation of 7 Watts per square meter.
	rredc.nrel.gov /solar/new_data/Saudi_Arabia/20000410.txt (558 words)

	Apogee Instruments Inc: Pyranometer Sensor
		The Pyranometer Sensor is calibrated to measure the shortwave radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
		A thermopile pyranometer measures all of the energy between 280 and 2800 nm.
		All silicon Pyranometers sub-sample the shortwave radiation spectrum (from 350-1000 nm), and are calibrated to predict all of the solar radiation (from 280 to 2800 nm).
	www.apogee-inst.com /pyr_spec.htm (1430 words)

	3022 Pyranometer
		The Model 3022 is a First Class Pyranometer – the second of three classes according to both WHO and IPSO 9060 classification of thermopile-type Pyranometers.
		The Model 3016 Pyranometer is a Secondary Standard Pyranometer – the best of three classes according to both WMO and ISO 9060 classification of thermopile-type pyranometers.
		Both Pyranometers are built inside a rugged, weather-proof anodized aluminum case, the sensing element incorporates a thermopile element consisting of 64 thermocouple for the Model 3022, 100 thermocouple for Model 3016.
	www.allweatherinc.com /meteorological/3022.html (343 words)

	LI-COR 200SA Pyranometer, Solar Radiation Sensor
		The LI-200SA pyranometer is designed for field measurement of global solar radiation in agricultural, meteorological, and solar energy studies.
		In clear, unobstructed daylight conditions, the LI-COR pyranometer compares favorably with first-class thermopile type pyranometers, but is priced at a fraction of the cost.
		Current output, which is directly proportional to solar radiation, is calibrated against an Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) under natural daylight conditions in units of watts per square meter (W m-2).
	www.fondriest.com /products/li-cor_200sa.htm (192 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Eppley pyranometers, the kind used in the ARM program, output voltages which are dependent upon the "hot" and "cold" junctures of their thermopiles.
		It is also safe to apply this relationship during the day, since we believe that the magnitude of the offset "fix" is smaller than it should be, because we are applying the effects of a longwave dome to that of a shortwave instrument.
		Figure 4: Nighttime pyranometer measurements from the downward-looking pyranometers for 5 SIROS stations.
	snowdog.larc.nasa.gov /cagex/v2.2/ind_dset/neg_offset/neg_offset.html (1569 words)

	Solar Light Company - PMA2141 Class II Pyranometer
		The PMA2141 is an ISO-classified second class pyranometer.
		In solar radiation studies the diffuse component of the total radiant flux can be measured by using a shadow-band casting a shadow on the pyranometer's entrance.
		The difference between the total power and the diffuse power measured with shadow-band is the direct component.
	www.solar.com /pma2141.htm (353 words)

	TSP-400 TOTAL SOLAR PYRANOMETER
		The Model TSP-400 Total Solar Pyranometer is a precision meteorological instrument that measures global (direct and diffuse) total solar radiation.
		The TSP-400's innovative design preserves the basic principle of total solar radiation measurement, that is, relating the incident irradiance to the temperature difference between a radiation receiver and a shielded thermal reference.
		Historically, total solar pyranometers have relied on thermopiles (bundles of copper-constantan thermocouples) to measure the temperature difference between a radiation-receiving surface and a shielded thermal mass.
	www.yesinc.com /products/data/tsp400 (644 words)

	Shaded Pyranometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		A shaded pyranometer is used to measure diffuse solar radiation.
		The precision spectral pyranometer being used has a fl thermopile sensor protected by two concentric hemispherical optically ground covers.
		Both the pyranometer and the shading disk are mounted on an automated solar tracker to ensure that he pyranometer is continuously shaded.
	www.bfrl.nist.gov /863/bipv/spyran.htm (64 words)

	Instrument Descriptions
		Each instrument is individually characterized in the YES Optical Calibration laboratory, and the effective center wavelength and effective bandpass are included in the calibration file for that instrument.
		The UVB-1 Ultraviolet Pyranometer is a precision radiometer that measures biologically-effective solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation.
		The standard 1:10 ratio is maintained by using a 6 cm diameter disk at a distance of 60 cm from the receivers of the instruments.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /star/bodyframe.html (2739 words)

	CAGEX V2.2 SIROS Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		Instruments associated with SIROS include upward and downward-looking pyranometers and pyrgeometers, a shaded pyranometer, a normal-incidence pyrheliometer, and a multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), which measures shortwave radiation in 6 bands as well as for the broadband.
		It is quite possible that, since the dome of the pyrgeometer absorbs solar radiation while the domes of the pyranometer allow transmission of solar radiation, the difference in temperatures between the domes and sensors will be different for the two instruments.
		When configured for the measurement of upwelling SW near the surface, the pyranometer often produces a negative flux of ~ 0-1 Wm-2 at night; net infrared cooling of the pyranometer is apparently of smaller magnitude when the instrument faces downward (exchanging with the surface) rather than upwward (exchanging with the atmosphere).
	snowdog.larc.nasa.gov /cagex/v2.2/ind_dset/siros/siros.html (1089 words)

	RReDC Glossary of Solar Radiation Resource Terms
		PSP - precision spectral pyranometer, a pyranometer with an outer clear dome that can be replaced by colored domes that transmit specific bandwidths of the solar spectrum.
		Pyranometer - an instrument with a hemispherical field of view, used for measuring total or global solar radiation, specifically global horizontal radiation; a pyranometer with a shadow band or shading disk blocking the direct beam measures the diffuse sky radiation, as is illustrated in the picture below.
		A picture of the Eppley PSP pyranometer is included in the PSP definition above.
	rredc.nrel.gov /solar/glossary/gloss_p.html (699 words)

	(SolData pyranometer)
		The SolData 80SPC pyranometer is designed to measure global solar radiation.
		The SolData pyranometer reacts instantaneously to changes in irradiance, while the thermopile instrument has a response time of several seconds, so data collected during cloud passages deviate from the straight line.
		A SolData pyranometer will typically yield results like the data displayed here for a clear spring day in Denmark (56 N).
	www.soldata.dk /pyr-80spc.htm (506 words)

	information on weather station, pyranometer, solar radiation measurement, heat flux measurement, soil thermal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-12)
		information on weather station, pyranometer, solar radiation measurement, heat flux measurement, soil thermal properties, meteorological station, meteorological sensor, measurement, meteorological instruments, environmental sensors, hydrological sensors.
		The main links are to Meteorological Variables (from which there are links to more detailed areas like solar radiation, offering information about all known meteorological sensor technology), and Observing Systems linking to applications like airfields, boundary layer research etc.
		pyranometer, solar radiation, net radiation) as well as company (e.g.
	www.meteo-technology.com (154 words)

	Silicon Pyranometer (Solar Radiation) Smart Sensor
		Measure solar heating effects with the Silicon Pyranometer Smart Sensor for the HOBO Micro Station data logger or HOBO Weather Station data logger.
		Note that the Silicon Pyranometer has been calibrated for use in natural sunlight, and is not designed for use under artificial light, within plant canopies, in greenhouses or in other conditions where the spectral content differs from sunlight.
		To measure the effects of light on plant growth in indirect or artificial light conditions, use the PAR Smart Sensor (photosynthetically active radiation).
	www.microdaq.com /occ/hws/pyra.php (290 words)

	G167-00 Standard Test Method for Calibration of a Pyranometer Using a Pyrheliometer
		1.2 This test method is applicable to all pyranometers regardless of the radiation receptor employed, and is applicable to pyranometers in horizontal as well as tilted positions.
		1.3 This test method is mandatory for the calibration of all secondary standard pyranometers as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and ISO 9060, and for any pyranometer used as a reference pyranometer in the transfer of calibration using Test Method E 842.
		1.5 Calibrations of reference pyranometers may be performed by a method that makes use of either an altazimuth or equitorial tracking mount in which the axis of the radiometer's radiation receptor is aligned with the sun during the shading disk test.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/PAGES/G167.htm (421 words)

	U
		Accurate measurement of solar radiation is a key input to important climate research and modeling that is used to drive public policy.
		However, the accuracy of all current fl surface pyranometers to measure this critical quantity is limited by offset errors due to radiant exchange with the dome.
		Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee: Commercial applications include installation in large-scale networks to monitor solar radiation on the surface of the earth, as well as general monitoring of insolation for Atmospheric Science and solar energy applications.
	www.science.doe.gov /sbir/awards_abstracts/sbirsttr/cycle18/phase1/072.f.htm (279 words)

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