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Topic: Pyrethrins

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	EXTOXNET PIP - PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS
		Some "pyrethrin dusts," used to control insects in horticultural crops, are only 0.3% to 0.5% pyrethrins, and are used at rates of up to 50 lb/A. Other pyrethrin compounds may be used in grain storage and in poultry pens and on dogs and cats to control lice and fleas.
		Pyrethrins I and II are excreted unchanged in the feces (100).
		Pyrethrin is extremely toxic to aquatic life, such as bluegill and lake trout while it is slightly toxic to bird species, such as mallards.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/pyrethri.htm (1371 words)

	InfoDense - Web - Pyrethrins
		Pyrethrins are insecticides that are derived from the...
		Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are insecticides that are applied to crops, garden...
		Pyrethrins are a common cause of insecticide poisonings.
	www.infodense.com /topic?i=Pyrethrins (204 words)

	Least Toxic Pesticides
		Pyrethrins are botanical insecticides made from the dried flower heads of a relative of the common chrysanthemum.
		Pyrethrins are only slightly toxic to man and not hazardous to birds and other wildlife.
		Pyrethrins are effective as broad-spectrum insecticides to control pests such as aphids, whiteflies, stinkbugs and mites.
	www.uri.edu /ce/factsheets/prints/leasttoxicprint.html (1539 words)

	Pyrethrins
		Pyrethrins have a low order of toxicity to warm-blooded animals and can be used even in the home with extreme confidence.
		Pyrethrin may be used with safety in food plants, homes and around animals where more hazardous materials cannot be used.
		Pyrethrin and the synergists are biodegradable and rapidly disintegrate in sunlight and air, thus assuring you that there will be no excessive build-up of insecticides dispensed in the area being treated.
	www.airguardianwny.com /pyrethrins.html (332 words)

	Pyrethrins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Overall, pyrethrins and pyrethroids are of low chronic toxicity to humans and the most common problems in humans have resulted from the allergenic properties of pyrethrum (7).
		Pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and their metabolites are not known to be stored in the body nor excreted in the milk (2).
		Pyrethrins I and II are excreted unchanged in the feces (2).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/extoxnet/pyrethrins-ziram/pyrethrins-ext.html (1434 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS
		Some "pyrethrin dusts," used to control insects in horticultural crops, are only 0.3% to 0.5% pyrethrins, and are used at rates of up to 50 lb/A. Other pyrethrin compounds may be used in grain storage and in poultry pens and on dogs and cats to control lice and fleas.
		Overall, pyrethrins and pyrethroids are of low chronic toxicity to humans and the most common problems in humans have resulted from the allergenic properties of pyrethrum (104).
		Pyrethrin is extremely toxic to aquatic life, such as bluegill and lake trout while it is slightly toxic to bird species, such as mallards.
	ace.orst.edu /info/extoxnet/pips/pyrethri.htm (1371 words)

	Patent 4497793: Microencapsulated naturally occuring pyrethrins
		Microencapsulated naturally-occurring pyrethrins are formulated according to the practice of this invention through a microencapsulation process in which the nature of the reactants, the order of reactant addition, and the speed of reactant addition are carefully controlled.
		The pyrethrins which are suitable for use in the embodiments of this invention may be any of the naturally-occurring, active constituents of pyrethrin and related plants.
		Attempts to formuate microencapsulated naturally-occurring pyrethrins according to the methods of Vandegaer, or according to processes wherein the rate of addition of amine component has not been controlled, and, accordingly, wherein tackiness or agglomeration of the resulting microcapsules has been evidenced, has resulted in insecticides which are relatively unsuitable for use in coating materials.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4497793.html (4129 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
		Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are insecticides that are applied to crops, garden plants, pets, and also directly to humans.
		Pyrethrins and pyrethroids bind strongly to soil and are eventually degraded by microorganisms in soil and water; they generally do not move from the soil to groundwater.
		Pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and their breakdown products can be detected in your blood and urine, but only within a few days after your last exposure.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts155.html (1142 words)

	Discovery Health :: Drug Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby.
		Piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins passes into breast milk, and it is not known whether piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical will harm a nursing baby.
		Symptoms of a piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical overdose are unknown.
	health.discovery.com /encyclopedias/reference/drug.jsp?drug=5414 (1273 words)

	Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide (Topical) - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide combination may be absorbed through the mother's skin.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide combination in children with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide combination medicine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202492 (1406 words)

	4.20 Pyrethrins (063)(T,R)
		Pyrethrum, the active principle containing pyrethrin isomers, was evaluated toxicologically by the JMPR in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1972.
		The residues of pyrethrins were <0.05 (3) and 0.19 mg/kg in wheat and <0.05 (3) and 0.05 mg/kg in maize.
		The 2000 JMPR considered that an estimate of maximum residue levels for pyrethrins in animal commodities was impossible because of the lack of adequate animal feeding studies.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y5221E/y5221e0p.htm (1189 words)

	PYRETHRINS/PYRETHRUM: Health Hazards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrins and pyrethrum are the most frequently used home and garden insecticides in the U.S. They are often used in indoor sprays, pet shampoos, and aerosol bombs to kill flying and jumping insects.
		Pyrethrins are a common cause of insecticide poisonings.
		Pyrethrins are classified as "likely to be human carcinogens" by EPA because they cause thyroid tumors in laboratory tests.
	versicolor.ca /lawns/notes/pyrethrins.html (211 words)

	Effects of sowing time on pyrethrins yield of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Tasmania
		Conversely, pyrethrins concentrations varied little between treatments, a finding which was in agreement with earlier investigations (8).
		Analysis of total pyrethrins (1) was conducted on the stored samples after a period of storage.
		Pyrethrins concentration and mean flower maturity did not vary between sowing times.
	www.regional.org.au /au/asa/2001/2/d/fulton.htm (1725 words)

	Mosquito Fogging Chemical with Pyrethrins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrins are derived from a natural source and are widely used in the pest control and mosquito control for a quick knock-down of targeted pests.
		Pyrethrins are perfect for killing flying pests on patios, shrubs, ground cover and other areas where biting bugs congregate or attack humans.
		Pyrethrin fog material can be purchased in two different formulations: concentrated and ready to use.
	www.pestproducts.com /mosquito_fogging.htm (570 words)

	Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide (Topical) - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide may be absorbed through the skin.
		Pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide combination may be absorbed through the mother's skin.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide combination in children with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than it does in adults.
	mayoclinic.com /invoke.cfm?objectid=13FA4A8D-8E57-4655-8FC568BFAFEF3056 (1419 words)

	Pyrethrins- 博客社群 AnyP.cn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrins is a pesticide of great efficiency and broad-spectrum therefore in a low concentration it can kill nearly all the agricultural pests as well as common pests such as flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and roaches etc. in contact;
		There are 6 components in Pyrethrins which are difficult recognized by the target pests.
		Pyrethrins comes from planting and there is little pollution to the environment during its extraction and application processes.
	acmey.anyp.cn /pyrethrins.aspx (388 words)

	198. Pyrethrins (AGP:1970/M/12/1)
		Pyrethrins I and II have been shown to be oxidatively metabolized in rats.
		Under the conditions of this patch test, pyrethrins at the 1 percent formulation level was not a primary irritant and was not a sensitizer to human skin (Weir, 1966e).
		DESIRABLE Further studies to determine if mammalian toxicity to pyrethrins is increased when they are used along with synergists, especially with methylenedioxy compounds such as piperonyl butoxide.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v070pr21.htm (1389 words)

	Piperonyl butoxide-pyrethrins topical Information on Healthline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Do not use piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical if you have ever had an allergic reaction to piperonyl butoxide or pyrethrins.
		Piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby.
		Piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins passes into breast milk, and it is not known whether piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins topical will harm a nursing baby.
	www.healthline.com /multumcontent/piperonyl-butoxide-pyrethrins-topical (959 words)

	Zhongzhi Biotech Development Co.,Ltd.----About pyrethrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Response appears to depend on the pyrethrum compound used, Overall, pyrethrins and pyrethroids are of low chronic toxicity to humans and the most common problems in humans have resulted from the allergenic properties of pyrethrum (104).
		ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Pyrethrin is extremely toxic to aquatic life, such as bluegill and lake trout while it is slightly toxic to bird species, such as mallards, Toxicity increases with higher water temperatures and acidity.
		Because pyrethrin-I, pyrethrin-II, and allethrin have multiple sites in their structures that can be readily attacked in biological systems, it is unlikely that they will concentrate in the food chain (100).
	www.zhongzhibiotech.com /en/chuchongju.asp (1186 words)

	About Pyrethrins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrin refers to any or all of the six forms of the biochemical pyrethrin that are responsible for the pesticidal activity.
		Pyrethrins are sold for example in aerosol sprays that are used around food areas, and as additives in insecticidal soaps and diatomaceous earth.
		However, in spite of widespread use of pyrethrins in the home environment, pyrethrins are far from innocuous to humans and have been associated with life-threatening allergic responses, and have possible links with leukemia, amongst other possible adverse health effects.
	www.versicolor.ca /lawns/notes/pyrethrins2.html (394 words)

	PCO Directory: Non-Toxic Pest Management
		Synthetic pyrethroids are synthesized derivatives of naturally occurring pyrethrins, which are taken from pyrethrum, the oleoresin extract of dried chrysanthemum flowers (the term “pyrethrum” is often used as a generic term to describe either natural pyrethrins or synthetic pyrethroids).
		The insecticidal properties of pyrethrins are derived from ketoalcoholic esters of chrysanthemic and pyrethroic acids.
		Both pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids are sold as commercial pesticides used to control pest insects in agriculture, homes, communities, restaurants, hospitals, schools, and as a topical head lice treatment.
	www.beyondpesticides.org /infoservices/pesticidefactsheets/toxic/pyrethroid.htm (3238 words)

	About Pyrethrins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pyrethrin refers to any or all of the six forms of the biochemical pyrethrin that are responsible for the pesticidal activity.
		Pyrethrins are sold for example in aerosol sprays that are used around food areas, and as additives in insecticidal soaps and diatomaceous earth.
		However, in spite of widespread use of pyrethrins in the home environment, pyrethrins are far from innocuous to humans and have been associated with life-threatening allergic responses, and have possible links with leukemia, amongst other possible adverse health effects.
	versicolor.ca /lawns/notes/pyrethrins2.html (394 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0030138500 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Substances such as pyrethrins derived from chrysanthemum flowers, azadirachtin from the neem tree, and rotenone from derris roots have become popular control actives for a variety of insect pests.
		The pesticide formulation includes a mixture of sulfur combined with pyrethrins and/or pyrethroids, the combination of which is particularly advantageous in controlling plant diseases, as well as combating insect and mite pests.
		At 50 ppm ai pyrethrins, the sulfur/pyrethrins RTU formulation showed synergy compared to the sum of the mortalities for powdered sulfur and emulsified pyrethrum extract alone at equivalent concentrations.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=20030138500&OS=20030138500&RS=20030138500 (6102 words)

	pyrethrins (Pyrenone) Chemical Profile 3/85 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In recent years a low-color, 20% pyrethrin extract in oil has become the "standard" item of the industry, although less concentrated solutions in oil are still available (56).
		The ratio of pyrethrin : cinerin : jasmolin is generally 71 : 21 : 7 (62).
		Ambrose and Robbins (1951) reported no effect in rats fed pyrethrins at a dietary level of 1000 ppm for two years, but tissue damage and gross signs appeared in some rats given 5000 ppm.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/insect-mite/propetamphos-zetacyperm/pyrethrins/insect-prof-pyrethrins.html (1611 words)

	Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 21, p. 12-13.
		Pyrethrins, the economically most important of natural insecticides, are currently derived from the pyrethrum plant.
		Since pyrethrins are useful only under conditions without extensive exposure to light and air, they are too unstable outdoors to control pests of agricultural crops and forests efficiently.
		Pyrethrin yields were raised to approximately 0.5 per cent of dry weight in differentiated tissues, but these were too low, in comparison with 2 per cent in the flower heads of the field grown plant, to be economically feasible.
	www.biotech-monitor.nl /2107.htm (1801 words)

	PYRETHRINS AND PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE-SHAMPOO (Medi-Lice, Pronto, R & C, Tegrin LF) side effects, medical uses, and drug ...
		PYRETHRINS AND PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE-SHAMPOO (Medi-Lice, Pronto, R & C, Tegrin LF) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
		It is not known whether this drug is excreted into human milk.
		Read 6 more pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide-shampoo related articles...
	www.medicinenet.com /pyrethrins_and_piperonyl_butoxide-shampoo/article.htm (405 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Pyrethrins Reregistration Eligibility Decision; Notice of Availability
		Pyrethrins are botanical insecticides derived from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium.
		Pyrethrins are used in four general ways: Pre-harvest and post-harvest uses on many agricultural crops; direct and indirect treatments of livestock animals and premises; treatments of commercial and industrial facilities and storage areas where raw and processed food/feed commodities are stored or processed; and wide area mosquito abatement use.
		EPA has reviewed pyrethrins through the public participation process that the Agency uses to involve the public in developing pesticide reregistration and tolerance reassessment decisions.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2006/July/Day-26/p11913.htm (1612 words)

	rec.pets.*: Fleas, Ticks, and Your Pet FAQ
		Pyrethrins are from chyrsanthemums, and manage to be highly toxic to fleas but not to people or dogs.
		In "Feline Husbandry" pyrethrin is the only flea poison included in a list of chemicals and drugs that are known to be safe during pregnancy.
		Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins and are considered to be "more effective insecticides and are less toxic to mammals than the natural pyrethrins"[1].
	www.faqs.org /faqs/pets/fleas-ticks (9577 words)

	Pesticide Profile-Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
		Some pyrethrin compounds and synthetic pyrthroids used to control insects in horticultural crops, are only 0.3% to 0.5% pyrethrins, and are used at rates of up to 50 lb/A. Other pyrethrin compounds may be used in grain storage and in poultry
		In this profile, the term "pyrethrins" refers to the natural insecticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers; "pyrethroids" are the synthetic chemicals, and "pyrethrum" is a general name covering both compounds.
		As the pyrethrins are purified, their stability decreases; thus, pure pyrethrin-I and pyrethrin-II are the least stable of the pyrethrins.
	ipmofalaska.homestead.com /files/pyrethrins.html (1084 words)

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