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Topic: Pyridine

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	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Pyridine
		Pyridine is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell.
		Pyridine can also be formed from the breakdown of many natural materials in the environment.
		Pyridine is primarily released to the environment from industries that make and use this chemical.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts52.html (896 words)

	Pyridine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pyridine is a simple heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that is structurally related to benzene, with one CH group in the six-membered ring replaced by a nitrogen atom.
		Pyridine is obtained from crude coal tar or is synthesized from acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia.
		Pyridine is also used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, for ethyl alcohol, and for fungicides, and as a dyeing aid for textiles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyridine (464 words)

	Pyridine (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 77, 2000) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in the drinking-water in one experiment in mice and in two experiments in rats and by subcutaneous injection in one experiment in rats.
		Pyridine was hepatotoxic in Fischer 344 and Wistar rats and caused an increase in granular casts and renal tubule hyaline degeneration in male Fischer 344 rats.
		In rats and rabbits, pyridine is an inducer of CYP2E1 in the liver and kidney.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol77/77-16.html (519 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Pyridine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine is obtained from crude coal tar or is synthesized from acetaldehyde and ammonia.
		C1=NC=CC=C1 Pyridine is a clear liquid with a strong and very unpleasant odor that is used as a solvent and reagent in organic chemistry.
		Pyridine is a simple heterocyclic aromatic compound and is structurally related to benzene, with one CH group in the six-membered ring replaced by a nitrogen atom.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pyridine (3525 words)

	PYRIDINE - LoveToKnow Article on PYRIDINE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine is a colorless liquid of a distinctly unpleasant, penetrating odour.
		Of the other methods for preparing pyridine homologues mention may be made of the discovery by A. Ladenburg that the pyridinium alkyl lodides rearrange themselves when strongly heated and yield a and 1 alkyl pyridines (Ber., 1883, 16, p.
		Pyridine carboxylic acids are usually prepared by oxidizing the homologues of the base; they also result as decomposition products of various alkaloids.
	67.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PY/PYRIDINE.htm (1005 words)

	pyridine on Encyclopedia.com
		Pyridine is used as a solvent, as a denaturant for alcohol, and as a starting material in the synthesis of other compounds.
		Pyridine is obtained from bone oil or from coal tar by destructive distillation, which decomposes alkaloids that contain it.
		Alkaloids that contain pyridine include coniine, piperine (the alkaloid in pepper), and nicotine (present in tobacco); free pyridine is present in tobacco smoke.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/pyridine.asp (304 words)

	Vertellus Specialties Inc. - Pyridine
		Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, pyridine is the key raw material in the manufacture of the non-selective bipyridyl herbicides, Paraquat and Diquat used to increase agricultural productivity and reduce soil erosion.
		In addition, pyridine is the building block for pyrithione biocides and quaternary salts with antimicrobial properties used in personal care, coating and textile applications.
		The unique properties of pyridine also find use in both catalyst and solvent applications for sparingly soluble and hard to make materials used in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
	www.vertellus.com /Market.aspx?MarketID=1&ProductFamilyID=42 (95 words)

	Pyridine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine is structurally similar to benzene, with a single nitrogen atom substituting in the six-member aromatic ring for one of the carbon and one of the hydrogen atoms, as follows: Pyridine is a base.
		Under conditions of standard temperature and pressure, pyridine is a liquid with a strong odor.
		Armour Polymers, Ltd. Manufacturers of pyridine and pyridine derivatives and lutidines and collidines, nicotinates and picolinates in India.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Pyridine.html (201 words)

	LCSS: PYRIDINE
		Pyridine has not been found to be carcinogenic or to show reproductive or developmental toxicity in humans.
		Pyridine is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance and "flash back." Pyridine vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.8 to 12.4% (by volume).
		Pyridine should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described in Chapter 5.C. In particular, pyridine should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
	ssl.ss.ohost.de /washlinks/Pyridin3.htm (486 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Esters may also be prepared by reaction of the alcohol with an acid chloride in the presence of a base such as pyridine.
		Pyridine is obtained from crude coal tar or is
		Pyridine is widely used as a solvent and reagent in organic chemistry and it is also a starting material in the synthesis of compounds used as an intermediate in making insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, food flavorings, dyes, rubber chemicals, adhesives, paints,...
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pyridine.htm (453 words)

	Acid Gas Extraction of Pyridine from Water (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine was extracted from aqueous solutions initially containing 5 or 15 wt % pyridine by using liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide at 10 MPa as a solvent in a mechanically agitated countercurrent extraction column.
		The lowest pyridine concentration in the raffinate was 0.06 wt %, whereas the pyridine concentration in the extract was 86-94 wt %.
		From the initial amount of pyridine, 96-99% was transferred from the feed stream to the extract by using relatively small solvent-to-feed ratios of 2.8-4.6 (kg of solvent/kg of feed).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/iecred/2000/39/i01/abs/ie990174t.html (178 words)

	Solid-State 13C NMR of Pyridine-Swollen Coal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For UF coal, the spectra of the coal immersed in pyridine were the same as the fresh coal and pyridine peaks were not observed.
		The swelling of YL coal at 0 h after pyridine immersion seemed to be enough for the effective cross polarization for -carbon of pyridine.
		WY and YL coal showed an increase in the T1H with pyridine immersion, since these coals were at around c 1 originally and moved to the c 1 region with the swelling by solvent immersion.
	www.anl.gov /PCS/bib/REF714.HTML (316 words)

	Pyridine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine is one of the simplest heterocyclic molecules with the Hill system formula C
		Pyridine is structurally similar to benzene with a single nitrogen atom substituting in the six-member aromatic for one of the carbon and one of the hydrogen atoms as follows:
		Under conditions of standard temperature and pressure pyridine is a liquid with a odor.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pyridine (194 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyridine Chemical Backgrounder Description: Pyridine (CAS #110-86-1) is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell, which can be made from crude coal tar or from other chemicals.
		Regulation: Pyridine releases into the air are regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates pyridine as a food additive, or synthetic flavoring substance component of polycarbonate, and as a resin, or indirect food additive.
		In 1998, 6,991,621 pounds of pyridine waste were managed; 616,015 pounds were recycled on-site; none was recycled off-site; 1,759,911 pounds were used for energy recovery on-site; 1,089,521 pounds were used for energy recovery off- site; 2,098,536 pounds were treated on-site; 735,840 pounds were treated off- site; and 691,798 pounds were released on-and off-site.
	www.e11th-hour.org /resources/backgrounders/chemical.ind/pyridine.txt (1088 words)

	Pyridine - Wikipedia
		Pyridine is een aromatische ringverbinding met als formule C
		De elektronenstructuur lijkt sterk op die van benzeen: één van de vrije elektronenparen van het stikstof doet mee in het π-bindingssysteem van de ring.
		Pyridine is giftig, en kan bij mannen impotentie veroorzaken.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyridine (103 words)

	Pyridines
		Vinylpyridines of the type 33 were soon identified as especially good intermediates for side-chain elongation, due to the well-known propensity of their olefinic linkage to undergo nucleophilic addition.[12] Either indolizidines or quinolizidines would therefore be made from 33 through addition of a C1 or a C2 unit, respectively.
		We conclude this section by pointing out that the introduction of an a-dicarbonyl motif as a means to increase the reactivity of an enone that is otherwise disinclined to undergo lanthanide-mediated heterocycloaddition appears to be a general solution.
		In summary, we have shown that our pyridine-forming reaction may be used to prepare sterically congested 3,4-diarylpyridine, and therefore it can play a central role in defining a unified approach to a number of phenanthroizidine alkaloids and their seco relatives.
	www.cpe.fr /ciufolini/Pyridine3.html (2071 words)

	Plating baths and methods for electro-deposition of gold or gold alloys - Patent 4591415
		The bath according to claim 1 in which the pyridine or quinoline compound is nicotinic acid, quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 2- or 4-pyridine carboxylic acid, nicotinic acid methyl ester, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid diethyl amide, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine 3,4-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine-4-thioacetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
		The method according to claim 7 wherein the pyridine or quinoline compound is nicotinic acid, quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 2- or 4-pyridine carboxylic acid, nicotinic acid methyl ester, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid diethyl amide, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine 3,4-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine 4-4-thioacetic acid or mixtures thereof.
		The method according to claim 10 wherein the pyridine or quinoline compound is nicotinic acid, quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, 2- or 4-pyridine carboxylic acid, nicotinic acid methyl ester, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid diethyl amide, pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine 3,4-dicarboxylic acid, pyridine 4-4-thioacetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4591415.html (2486 words)

	Two new elastin cross-links having pyridine skeleton. Implication of ammonia in elastin cross-linking in vivo.
		The structures of these amino acids were determined to have 3,4,5- and 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyridine skeletons both with three carboxylic acids and a mass of 396 (C(18)H(28)N(4)0(6)) identified as 4-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)-3,5-di-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-pyridine and 2-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)-3,5-di-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-pyridine.
		Structure analysis of these pyridine cross-links implied that the formation of these cross-links involved the condensation reaction between ammonia and allysine.
		Although DESP and IDP are present at only trace concentrations in the tissue elastin, these pyridine cross-links may be useful biomarkers for the aortic elastin damaged by ammonia.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_11278561.html (250 words)

	Pyridine derivatives (US5126448)
		This invention relates to pyridine derivatives or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives represented by general formulae (I) and (II) or the salts thereof which act on the central nervous system and are useful as psychotropic drugs having antianxiety effects, learning improvement effects and psychic activation effects.
		However, the pyridine derivatives or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivatives of the present invention represented by general formula (I) and (II) have not yet been known and also the medical effects thereof are not known.
		A pyridine derivative or a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine derivative represented by formulae (I) or (II), respectively, or salts thereof: [Figure] wherein A represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom; R
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05126448 (2922 words)

	Pyridine (CASRN 110-86-1), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		In order to examine the neurotoxicity of pyridine, 10 rats/group were perfused at the time of sacrifice; histopathologic examinations of brain, liver, and other target organs were conducted.
		The previous RfD of 0.002 mg/kg/day (7/8/85) for pyridine was based on a subchronic inhalation study in rats that was reported in the Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health (1983).
		The lower dose, 10 ppm pyridine (2.15 mg/kg/day) had no effect on growth rate and mortality, but an increase in the relative liver weights was observed.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0261.htm (1188 words)

	Pyridine N-oxide derivatives: unusual anti-HIV compounds with multiple mechanisms of antiviral action -- Balzarini et ...
		Pyridine oxide derivatives: structure-activity relationship for inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in cell culture.
		Pyridine oxides represent a novel class of HIV transactivation inhibitors.
		Pyridine N-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human SARS and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/2/135 (1660 words)

	Chemicals Technology - Nantong Chemical Manufacturing Plant, China
		The $30 million plant is designed to produce 11,000 tonnes per year of pyridine products, which is broken down into 8,000 tonnes per year of pure pyridine and 3,000 tonnes per year of methyl pyridine.
		Of the 8,000 tonnes of pure pyridine, 5,000 tonnes will be sold to a British funded pesticide factory based in Nantong, while the remaining 3,000 tonnes are for the Asian and Chinese markets.
		Currently only one factory in China produces industrial pyridine but it is on a small scale and is far from reaching the levels needed to meet the demand of the industry.
	www.chemicals-technology.com /projects/nangtong (614 words)

	Pyridine Recovery
		Pyridine is a solvent which is widely used in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
		In the mixer-settlers, the aqueous pyridine solution is intimately contacted with the chlorinated solvent and then the two phases settled out.
		Because pyridine is much more soluble in the chlorinated solvent than in water, in each mixer-settler progressively more of the pyridine passes into the solvent.
	www.ddpsinc.com /ProcessProfiles/pp08.html (473 words)

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