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Topic: Pyridinium

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	Pyridinium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pyridinium refers to the cationic form of pyridine.
		Pyridine is often used as an organic base in chemical reations, thus the pyridinium ion is produced as the counter ion to the leaving group in the reaction.
		This complex is often insoluble in the organic solvent, so precipitation of the pyridinium leaving group complex is an indication of the progress of the reaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyridinium (190 words)

	Toners containing alkyl pyridinium compounds and their hydrates - Patent 4298672
		A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin used is a styrene copolymer of n-butyl methacrylate, the pigment used is carbon fl and the alkyl pyridinium compound used is cetyl pyridinium chloride.
		The alkyl pyridinium compounds and their hydrates can be used in any amount that results in toner that is charged positively in comparison to the carrier and that develops and electrostatically transfers well.
		Toner C comprising 6 percent of cetyl pyridinium chloride treated Regal 330 carbon fl, 1 percent of cetyl pyridinium chloride and 93 percent styrene/n-butyl methacrylate 65/35 copolymer resin was prepared by melt blending folowed by mechanical attrition.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4298672.html (3029 words)

	Polyolefin quaternary pyridinium salts - Patent 4108858
		A quaternary pyridinium salt of claim 6 wherein said salt anion is a di-butyl dithiocarbamate.
		The quaternary salts prepared from polyolefin halides such as polybutene chloride are referred to as polyolefin quaternary ammonium salts, e.g., polybutene pyridinium chloride, polybutene tri-lower alkyl ammonium chloride, or mono- or di- polybutene quaternary ammonium chloride of triethylenediamine.
		The above polybutenyl pyridinium chloride was converted to an alkyl phosphate salt by mixing 50 grams of the chloride salt with 5 grams of the above sodium alkyl phosphate, diluting the mixture with hexane and stirring for 1/2 hours at reflux.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4108858.html (5888 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A pyridinium derivative from Red Sea soft corals inhibited voltage-activated potassium ...
		The changes in excitability of DRG neurones induced by 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium suggest that this compound contributes to the bioactivity produced by the crude extracts from two soft corals.
		Pyridinium compounds represent a biosynthetic starting point for pore forming alkylpyridinium chemical defences found in marine sponges [6-9,31].
		The structure of 3-carboxy-1-methyl pyridinium was elucidated by a combination of NMR techniques, exact mass spectral determination, and comparison with the NMR data of related compounds in the literature.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2210/6/10 (7807 words)

	Bone Resorption in Multiple Myeloma and in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Quantification by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although measurement of pyridinium cross-link levels is not useful in discriminating patients with MGUS from early-stage myeloma patients, determination of i-DPD levels may contribute importantly to clinical guidance, since increased i-DPD levels seem to identify patients who are particularly likely to benefit from osteoclast-inhibiting drugs such as bisphosphonates.
		Sensitivity of the urinary pyridinium cross-links in stage I and II MM was 41% for h-PYD, 46% for h-DPD, and 48% for i-DPD.
		The overall sensitivity of urinary pyridinium cross-links in patients with MM was between 60% and 72% (Table 6).
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/90/9/3743 (5132 words)

	Urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks in healthy 4-10 year olds -- Husain et al. 80 (4): 370 -- Archives of ...
		Quantitative analysis of the pyridinium crosslinks of collagen using ion-paired reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
		Pyridinium crosslinks of collagen as a marker of bone resorption rates in children and adolescents: normal values and clinical application.
		Physiological variations in the urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks of collagen.
	adc.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/80/4/370 (2442 words)

	Association between Craniofacial Growth and Urinary Bone Metabolic Markers (Pyridinoline, Deoxypyridinoline) in Growing ...
		coincident with the peaks of the urinary pyridinium cross-links.
		Automated analysis of the pyridinium crosslinks of collagen in tissue and urine using solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
		Urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks: a new marker of bone resorption in metabolic bone disease.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/28 (2848 words)

	Urine Sample Adulteration Test
		Clinically, the accepted method to test for adulteration or dilution is to determine certain urinary characteristics such as creatinine, pH, and specific gravity and to detect the presence of glutaraldehyde, nitrite and oxidants /pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) in urine.
		Oxidants/PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) tests for the presence of oxidizing agents such as bleach and hydrogen peroxide.
		Pyridinium chlorochromate (sold under the brand name "UrineLuck") is a commonly used adulterant.
	www.craigmedical.com /Urine_adulteration_test.htm (899 words)

	Polymorphism of Pyridinium Amphiphiles for Gene Delivery: Influence of Ionic Strength, Helper Lipid Content, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two double-tailed pyridinium cationic amphiphiles, differing only in the degree of unsaturation of the alkyl chains, have been selected for a detailed study of their aggregation behavior, under conditions employed for transfection experiments.
		These crucial parameters are mainly determined by the phase behavior of the amphiphiles under different conditions: in pure water, where the complexation is carried out since electrostatic interactions are the main driving forces, under physiological ionic strength conditions, and by the influence of helper lipids and DNA on the properties of the aggregates.
		The consequences of plasmid DNA binding for the properties of the aggregate are finally examined for the lipoplex with the highest transfection efficiency, i.e., the complex between the equimolar mixture of SAINT-2/ DOPE with DNA at a charge ratio of +/- = 2.5.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200503/ai_n13488428 (868 words)

	Accu-Stat Diagnostics - Intect® 7 (Adulteration Tests) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Intect®7 urine adulteration test strip is a plastic strip affixed with 7 chemically treated pads for assessing the integrity of the urine sample prior to Drugs-of-Abuse testing.
		Pad #7 Pyridinium Chlorochromate: In this assay, a color indicator reacts with pyridinium chlorochromate to form a flish blue color complex.
		Pad #7 Pyridinium Chlorochromate: The presence of pyridinium chlorochromate in the urine is indicative of adulteration since it is not a normal constituent of urine.
	www.accu-stat.com /details.asp?ProductID=29 (1425 words)

	Pyridinium chlorochromate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pyridinium chlorochromate, a reddish orange solid reagent, is used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones.
		Pyridinium chlorochromate, or PCC, will not fully oxidize the alcohol to the carboxylic acid as does the Jones reagent.
		Pyridinium dichromate or PDC is a similar oxidizing agent with chemical formula (C
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyridinium_chlorochromate (457 words)

	Small-angle neutron scattering study of aggregate structures of multi-headed pyridinium surfactants in aqueous solution
		The aggregate structures of a set of novel single-chain surfactants bearing one, two and three pyridinium headgroups have been studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS).
		It is found that the nature of aggregate structures of these cationic surfactants depend on the number of headgroups present in the surfactants.
		The single-headed pyridinium surfactant forms the lamellar structure, whereas surfactants with double and triple headgroups form micelles in water.
	www.ias.ac.in /pramana/v63/p303/abs.htm (194 words)

	Natural Path Health Center :: Where Healing is a Science
		Specifically, two collagen cross links measured in urine, pyridinium and d-pyridinium, provide information both on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis as well as the rate of bone turnover crucial for osteoporosis (see Osteoporosis links).
		Because pyridinium is found extensively in bone cartilage, it is excreted in the urine in higher amounts when cartilage breaks down.
		They concluded that "both pyridinium cross links in urine may therefore provide information on the stage, activity, level of bone involvement and efficacy of drug therapy in arthritic diseases."6
	naturalpathcenter.com /tek9~pg~26210joint_osteobone.asp (385 words)

	Assessment and Recommendations on Factors Contributing to Preanalytical Variability of Urinary Pyridinoline and ...
		Ginty F, Flynn A, Cashman K. Inter and intra-individual variations in urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks of collagen in healthy young adults.
		Urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links of collagen in infancy.
		Uebelhart D, Gineyts E, Chapuy MC, Delmas PD. Urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks: a new marker of bone resorption in metabolic bone disease.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/48/2/220 (6761 words)

	Assessment of the Contributions of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the Metabolism of the Antipsychotic Agent Haloperidol to Its ...
		Bloomquist J, King E, Wright A, Mytilneou C, Kimura K, Castagnoli K and Castagnoli N, Jr (1994) 1-Methyl-4-phenypyridinium-like neurotoxicity of a pyridinium metabolite derived from haloperidol: cell culture and neurotransmitter uptake studies.
		Eyles DW, Avent KM, Stedman TJ and Pond SM (1997) Two pyridinium metabolites of haloperidol are present in the brain of patients at post-mortem.
		Subramanyam B, Woolf T and Castagnoli N, Jr (1991a) Studies on the in vitro conversion of haloperidol to a potentially neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite.
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/3/243 (3945 words)

	Chlorination of Pyridinium Compounds. POSSIBLE ROLE OF HYPOCHLORITE, N-CHLORAMINES, AND CHLORINE IN THE OXIDATION OF ...
		°C. Oxyblot for the Detection of Carbonyl (Aldehyde and Ketones) Formation-- Carbonyl groups are formed as a consequence of protein oxidation and in the reaction of HOCl with pyridinium compounds.
		a percentage of the pyridinium ring structure was disrupted in
		g) would react with the pyridinium ring nitrogen (59).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/44/34681 (6972 words)

	Grands intermédiares et procédés éco-efficaces/Intermediates and Eco-Efficient Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The IR spectrum of the bis-pyridinium species is characterized by the splitting both of the 19b and 8b vibration modes of the pyridinium ion.
		The formation of this peculiar species is characteristic of bulk H
		Over supported HPW and microporous Cs salt, the classical spectra of pyridinium species were observed.
	catalyse.univ-lyon1.fr /gipe3a1d2.htm (588 words)

	5-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, lauryl pyridinium salt Use
		5-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, lauryl pyridinium salt - Pesticide use statistics for 2004
		Top crops and sites use of this chemical in 2004, with information on gross pounds used, application rate, acres planted, and number of applications.
		For detailed chemical information see the chemical detail page.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_ChemUse.jsp?Rec_Id=PC32954 (961 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"Pyridinium Anthraquinones: An Electrochemical Investigation." Oral presentation, paper number 495, at the 213th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA, April 16, 1997.
		"Preparation and Investigation of some Pyridinium Quinones: Can they be used to enhance excited state lifetimes of photo-induced radical anions?" Department of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, March 27, 1996.
		"The Synthesis, Study and Uses of Pyridinium Anthraquinones" Department of Chemistry, Albright College, Reading, PA, March 1997; Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA, March 1997; West Chester University, West Chester, PA, March, 1997; S.U.N.Y. Platzburg, Platzburg, NY, March 1997, St. Mary's College, St. Mary's City, MD April 1997.
	www.smcm.edu /users/cmmattia/leadership/koch/resume.htm (2100 words)

	Procollagen Propeptide and Pyridinium Cross-Links as Markers of Type I Collagen Turnover: Sex- and Age-Related Changes ...
		Procollagen Propeptide and Pyridinium Cross-Links as Markers of Type I Collagen Turnover: Sex- and Age-Related Changes in Healthy Children -- Zanze et al.
		1995 Carboxy-terminal propeptide of human type 1 collagen and pyridinium cross-links as markers of bone growth in infants 1 to 18 months of age.
		1996 Urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links of collagen in infancy.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/9/2971 (3786 words)

	Wykaz publikacji za 2000 rok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Neutron, nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric study of ion motion in pyridinium hexafluorophosphate”
		Effect of hydrostatic pressure on cation reorientation in pyridinium iodide”
		“Neutron diffraction study of thermal expansion and compressibility of pyridinium nitrate and tetrafluoroborate”
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~zkmifuam/publikacje.htm (1496 words)

	JCE 1999 (76) 974 [Jul] A Facile Oxidation of Alcohols Using Pyridinium Chlorochromate/Silica Gel
		JCE 1999 (76) 974 [Jul] A Facile Oxidation of Alcohols Using Pyridinium Chlorochromate/Silica Gel
		A Facile Oxidation of Alcohols Using Pyridinium Chlorochromate/Silica Gel
		An efficient and convenient adaptation of the pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) oxidation for an organic chemistry student exercise is based on the employment of reagent-grade silica gel, which simplifies workup and purification of the product.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu:8000 /Journal/Issues/1999/Jul/abs974.html (219 words)

	Silica Gel, Functionalized, Pyridinium Dichromate (PDC) * 1343-98-2
		Silica Gel, Functionalized, Pyridinium Dichromate (PDC) * 1343-98-2
		Chemical Catalog » Alphabetical Listing of Chemicals » S » Silica Gel, Functionalized, Pyridinium Dichromate (PDC)
		Please contact us for pricing or to place an order for this item.
	www.sciencelab.com /page/S/PVAR/10426/SLS1141 (68 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for pyridinium tribromide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Synonyms: pyridinium bromide perbromide, pyridine hydrobromide perbromide, pyridine hydrobromide complex with bromine, pyridinium perbromide
		Corrosive - contact may lead to severe burns.
		If not, this page is a copy made by some other person and we have no responsibility for it.
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/PY/pyridinium_tribromide.html (220 words)

	(WO/1994/004502) PYRIDINIUM INTERMEDIATES AND THE PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(WO/1994/004502) PYRIDINIUM INTERMEDIATES AND THE PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME
		(EN) PYRIDINIUM INTERMEDIATES AND THE PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME
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	www.wipo.int /pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1994/04502 (108 words)

	Wuhan Jadechem Chemicals Co., Ltd. intermediate, additives, surface treatment, electroplating, electroplating bath, ...
		Wuhan Jadechem Chemicals Co., Ltd. intermediate, additives, surface treatment, electroplating, electroplating bath, pyridinium, chemical, chemical product
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	jadechem.en.alibaba.com (156 words)

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