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Topic: Pyrolysis

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Hydrous pyrolysis

Biofuel

Bioalcohol

Steam cracking

Waste disposal

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Cracking (chemistry)

Thermal depolymerization

Copolymer

Organic compound

Polyacrylonitrile

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	Pyrolysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam.
		Pyrolysis is a means of reusing scrap tyres.
		Pyrolysis in this context is the degradation of the rubber of the tyre using heat in the absence of oxygen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyrolysis (401 words)

	Pyrolysis Recycling & Gasification Recycling Systems \|\| Kouei Industries Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of waste in an oxygen free environment, or in an environment in which the oxygen content is too low for combustion or gasification to take place.
		Pyrolysis recycling is a non combustion heat treatment that chemically decomposes waste material by applying heat (directly or indirectly) to the waste material in an oxygen free environment.
		Pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction (unlike gasification and combustion, which are usually exothermic reactions) and requires an input of energy, which is typically applied indirectly through the walls of the reactor in which the waste material is placed for treatment.
	www.koueiinternational.com /pyrolysis.htm (611 words)

	Thermal reactions of aromatic hydrocarbonsin the pyrolysis of ethane and propane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The influence of aromatics on the pyrolysis of ethane and propane was studied using benzene, toluene, α-methylnaphthalene and anthracene as model compounds.
		Ethane and propane pyrolysis could be considered as models for the liquid alkanes pyrolysis and therefore the results obtained in studying the aromatic hydrocarbons influence on their pyrolysis may be extended to liquid fractions, where the complexity of the raw material does not allow to observe this influence.
		Pyrolysis of ethane (propane) + benzene (toluene), 6%mole, or α-methylnaphthalene and anthracene, 1-3%mole, was performed at temperatures of 750, 800 and 825°C in a quartz reactor.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2002/I02_Nenitzescu/CN-263A/263.asp (2211 words)

	Recycling of Automotive Composites — The Pyrolysis Process and its Advantages
		Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of the waste polymer component in the absence of oxygen.
		The solid residue left behind after pyrolysis is a friable solid containing the glass fibre and filler, and a small amount of carbonaceous char derived from the plastic degradation.
		Pyrolysis has the advantage of low process temperatures of less than 500°C which retains the strength and flexibility of the virgin glass fibre.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=2130 (1277 words)

	Pyrolysis of biomass
		The pyrolysis (gasification) of biomass is a very old energy technology that is becoming interesting again among various systems for the energetic utilisation of biomass.
		The improved electrical efficiency of the energy conversion via pyrolysis naturally means that the potential reduction in CO is greater than with combustion.
		Flash pyrolysis gives high oil yields, but the technical efforts needed to process pyrolytic oils mean that this energy generating system does not seem very promising at the
	www.habmigern2003.info /biogas/Pyrolysis.htm (763 words)

	PYROLYSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is preparation for fire, Pyrolysis of house framing is preparation for real trouble.
		PYROLYSIS - is the alteration of the wood, breaking large stable molecules into smaller less stable and gaseous molecules.
		This only exacerbates the pyrolysis hazard for less heat needs to be wasted in the process of releasing moisture and so more heat is available to break down the molecules of wood into smaller molecules and the resulting pyrophoric carbon.
	www.chimineycricket.com /pyrolysis.htm (602 words)

	4-24 Pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Figure 4-24: Typical Pyrolysis Process Pyrolysis is formally defined as chemical decomposition induced in organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen.
		Kilns or furnaces used for pyrolysis would be physically similar to the equipment described in Section 4.23 "Incineration", but would operate at lower temperature and with less air supply than would be required for combustion.
		Pyrolysis systems may be applicable to a number or organic materials that "crack" or undergo a chemical decomposition in the presence of heat.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4-25.html (1030 words)

	Pyrolysis
		Waste tire pyrolysis involves the thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen.
		Pyrolysis is known for low emissions to the environment.
		Microwave pyrolysis will result in relatively high molecular weight olefins and a high proportion of valuable products such as ethylene, propylene, butene, aromatics, etc. The short process time also contributes to a reduction in the process cost.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/11/10504/html/usa/pyro.htm (983 words)

	Biomass Program: Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing
		Pyrolysis and gasification are related processes of heating with limited oxygen.
		Pyrolysis oil or other thermochemically-derived biomass liquids can be used directly as fuel, but also hold great promise as platform intermediates for production of high-value chemicals and materials.
		Fast pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs at moderate temperatures with a high heat transfer rate to the biomass particles and a short hot vapor residence time in the reaction zone.
	www.eere.energy.gov /biomass/pyrolysis.html?print (674 words)

	Pyrolysis
		Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen.
		Pyrolysis is not effective in either destroying or physically separating inorganics from the contaminated medium.
		Pyrolysis treats and destroys semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), fuels and pesticides in soil.
	www.cpeo.org /techtree/ttdescript/pyrols.htm (684 words)

	Tire Pyrolysis Facility Proposed for South Columbus
		Despite 20 years of supposed technological "breakthroughs" in the field of pyrolysis, the number of tires used in a pyrolysis process in the U.S., Canada, and Europe combined is zero.
		Pyrolysis facilities are enormously expensive to build, difficult to operate, and there is little market interest in the carbon, pyrolysis oil, and metal scrap produced by the process.
		The history of pyrolysis facilities is littered pile with the names of failed tire pyrolysis ventures: Goodyear Tire and Rubber, Firestone, and Texaco; ECO2 Inc. in Florida; Colinas Tire and Repco in Arizona; Conrad Industries in Oregon; Tire Recyclers Inc. in Virginia; and Heartland Industries, Missouri.
	ohio.sierraclub.org /central/Pyrolysis.asp (595 words)

	Pyrolysis \| GovGuru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is under development to deal with the general waste stream.
		Pyrolysis consists of heating the waste to a high temperature without oxygen present to prevent burning.
		Since pyrolysis offers the advantages of reducing waste mass and volume, converting waste to a usable resource, generating very little pollution in the pyrolysis process, and converts the waste to an easily handled and transported resource it is desirable for this process to work out commercially.
	www.govguru.com /govguruframes/print.asp?id=114 (376 words)

	Hydrous pyrolysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hydrous pyrolysis refers to the chemical processes which take place when material is heated to high temperatures in the presence of water.
		Hydrous pyrolysis may be a significant process in the creation of fossil fuels.
		Simple heating without water, anhydrous pyrolysis has long been considered to take place naturally during the catagenesis of kerogens to fossil fuels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrous_pyrolysis (214 words)

	Pyrolysis of Sugars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is the thermochemical process that converts organic materials into usable fuels.
		Pyrolysis produces energy fuels with high fuel-to-feed ratios, making it the most efficient process for biomass conversion, and the method most capable of competing and eventually replacing non-renewable fossil fuel resources.
		So pyrolysis is the technique of applying high heat to organic matter (lignocellulosic materials) in the absence of air or in reduced air.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03337.htm (369 words)

	Non-Discriminating Analytical Pyrolysis — A Novel Tool for Studying Environmental Samples - LC-GC Europe
		Pyrolysis profiles are regarded to be characteristic for a particular sample, either in the appearance of unique compounds, or in the relative distribution pattern of the pyrolysis products.
		Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for fingerprint characterization of complex organic materials, including natural organic polymers such as humic organic matter (HOM) and artificial polymers (e.g., plastics).
		High molecular weight fragments produced during pyrolysis of both natural and synthetic materials, often carrying very significant structural information, are frequently lost on transfer from the pyrolysis unit to the gas chromatograph.
	www.lcgceurope.com /lcgceurope/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=196695 (677 words)

	Pyrolysis Unit NSPS Definition
		As described in the information provided by Statewide Medical Services, the PTPSTM operates as follows: the unit consists of a “pyrolysis chamber” and an “oxidation chamber”; the pyrolysis chamber is used to gasify the waste material and the oxidation chamber is used to combust the gases generated in the pyrolysis chamber.
		At the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, the residue from the process, consisting of fixed carbon and other non-volatile components of the waste, is continuously removed in a water bath.
		Second, three parameters in the pyrolysis chamber must be monitored and recorded continuously to ensure that the PTPSTM is not operated as an incinerator: (1) the air-to-fuel ratio; (2) the oxygen level; and (3) the pressure.
	yosemite.epa.gov /r5/ardcorre.nsf/0/06028c20cca8eb2186256885004d7395?OpenDocument (1151 words)

	7. The research progress of biomass pyrolysis processes
		Pyrolysis is thermal degradation either in the complete absence of oxidizing agent, or with such a limited supply that gasification does not occur to an appreciable extent or may be described as partial gasification.
		Pyrolysis at these high heating rates is known as fast, or flash pyrolysis according to the heating rate and residence time, although the distinctions are blurred.
		Elsewhere, a number of demonstration plants for flash pyrolysis are operation in North America at a scale of up to 25 kg/h with plans for several commercial developments ranging up to 40 kg/h, including a commercial installation planned for California based on the SERI ablative pyrolysis and sewage sludge pyrolysis in Canada and Australia.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T4470E/t4470e0a.htm (3387 words)

	Pyrolysis Systems for GC,GC/MS & FT-IR – CDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis, coupled with GC (Py-GC), GC/MS (Py-GC/MS), Direct MS or FT-IR, permits the analysis of samples which were previously unsuitable for analysis without lengthy extractions or derivatizations.
		Pyrolysis is simply the breaking apart of large complex molecules into smaller, more analytically useful fragments by the application of heat.
		When a Mass Spectrometer shatters compounds using electron impact, the compound is fragmented in a reproducible way, the ions are separated by the MS and the result is a spectrum which is both qualitative and quantitative.
	www.dynatherm.com /products/pyrolwhy.htm (178 words)

	Chalmers Publications: 656 Drying and Pyrolysis of Logs of Wood
		In order to predict the release of gas from a log of wood under combustion conditions, drying and pyrolysis of one log of wood, idealised to a cylinder, are studied.
		Based on comparison of measured data and simulations, using a numerical model, the applicability of measured thermal properties, the submodel of pyrolysis and the anisotropy of wood permeability are discussed.
		A pyrolysis reaction mechanism that accurately predicts initiation of pyrolysis at slow heating rates, such as in the particle's interior.
	publications.lib.chalmers.se /records/full_record/656.html (445 words)

	CSET :: Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Recent experimental studies have investigated the enthalpy for pyrolysis of various feedstocks, the transport phase of bio-oil through the pyrolysis reactor, the feasibility of hot vapor filtration of particulate matter from the bio-oil, and the behavior of the selective condenser used to collect the oil.
		Enthalpy for pyrolysis was determined through mass and energy balances on the pilot plant, with careful accounting of energy loss from the system.
		This study revealed enthalpies for pyrolysis ranging from 0.78 MJ/kg for oat hulls to 1.64 MJ/kg for pine wood (dry basis).
	csetweb.me.iastate.edu /research/pyrolysis.htm (441 words)

	Composites News - Kinetic model for the pyrolysis of polysiloxane polymers to ceramic composites
		A model describing the pyrolysis of an organo-silicate polymer (Blackglas polymer) to form a silicon oxycarbide glass was developed based on the known chemistry and architecture of the polysiloxane precursor.
		The development of pyrolysis routes to form ceramic materials is attractive because the polymeric precursors can be molded easily at relatively low temperatures and then fired to produce near net shapes.
		In these fabrication processes, the pyrolysis step is the bottleneck due to the slow diffusion and the low saturation concentrations of evolved gases in the resin (Dente and Ranzi, 1983).
	www.jobwerx.com /news/Archives/kinetic_model.html (1177 words)

	Plasma Pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is the thermal disintegration of carbonaceous material into fragments of compounds in an oxygen-starved environment.
		The pyrolysis product gas enters the secondary chamber through a burner, which is mounted vertically enabling easy flow of the product gas into the combustion chamber ensuring extended flame length.
		Pyrolysis technology is being adapted for safe disposal of plastic carry bags in ecologically sensitive locations around the country.
	www.plasmaindia.com /medicalpyro.html (766 words)

	4.28 Pyrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pyrolysis is formally defined as chemical decomposition induced in organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen.
		Kilns or furnaces used for pyrolysis would be physically similar to the equipment described in Section 4.26 "Incineration", but would operate at lower temperature and with less air supply than would be required for combustion.
		Other pyrolysis by-products react with the alkaline molten salt to form inorganic products that are retained in the melt.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4_28.html (959 words)

	Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Handbook Volume 2
		The Fast Pyrolysis Handbook Volume 2 is an edited version of the final report of the European Commission and IEA Bioenergy sponsored Pyrolysis Network that officially finished in 2001.
		Fast pyrolysis is a high temperature process in which biomass is rapidly heated in the absence of oxygen.
		The IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task is continuing this work as a collaborative project with the European Commission network on fast pyrolysis of biomass which is now known as PyNe.
	www.cplbookshop.com /contents/C15.htm (978 words)

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