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Topic: Pyrometallurgical

Related Topics

Extractive metallurgy

Hydrometallurgy

Copper extraction

Froth flotation

Roasting

Blast furnace

Spy Subtract

Copper concentrate

Chalcopyrite

Nickel

Black Mafia

Fondil Corrino III

Copper

Cobalt

Geology

	Primary Lead Refining
		These include pyrometallurgical techniques where elements are removed one or more at a time in several stages and electrolytic processes that deal with most of the impurities in one operation.
		Where pyrometallurgical methods of refining are used, bismuth is dealt with by adding a calcium-magnesium alloy to the molten lead, causing a quaternary alloy of lead calcium-magnesium-bismuth to rise to the top of the melt where it can be skimmed off.
		In the Betts process, massive cast anodes of bullion are used in a cell containing an electrolyte of acid lead fluosilicate and thin cathode "starter sheets" of high purity lead.
	www.ldaint.org /technotes2.htm (983 words)

	Amazon.com: pyrometallurgical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Copper smelting, an update: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Pyrometallurgical Committee of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, at the 111th...
		Beneficiation of an oxide zinc ore by pyrometallurgical means, (Missouri.
		Manganese investigations: Pyrometallurgical studies of manganese ores : smelting of manganese oxide, carbonate, or silicate ores with copper and iron sulfides...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=pyrometallurgical&index=blended&page=1 (438 words)

	Canadian Universities, Canadian Colleges, Schools in Canada :: Campus Starter Magazine.
		Pyrometallurgical engineers are constantly being compared to alchemists since both are known for their abilities to turn metals into more valuable products.
		Pyrometallurgical engineers study the nature and properties of different metals and materials and conduct high temperature experiments to design new products that can be commercially sold.
		Pyrometallurgical engineers are required to constantly update their skills and knowledge in order to keep up with technological advancements in this quickly changing field.
	www.campusstarter.com /careerprofiles_details.cfm?carid=177 (406 words)

	Pyrometallurgical method for processing heavy nonferrous metal raw materials - Patent 4252560
		In a pyrometallurgical processing of heavy nonferrous metal raw materials, the oxidation of said materials gives off a substantial amount of heat, which, when using oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, is sufficient to cover the requirements of the process.
		However, the oxidation of a molten sulfide, e.g., a matte, by a gas containing more than 30% oxygen leads to a considerable local overheating of the zone where the gas is injected into the melt and results in damage to said section of a metallurgical apparatus.
		To ensure adequate heating conditions, a carbonaceous fuel, such as natural gas, fuel oil, pulverized coal, lump coal, lump coal, coke and others, may be injected in to the top bubbled part of the heterogeneous melt.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4252560.html (5362 words)

	CEPA Environmental Registry - Environmental Code of Practice for Base Metals Smelters and Refineries: Code of Practice, ...
		Pyrometallurgical technologies, which separate desired metals from other less desirable or undesirable materials in the molten state at very high temperatures.
		Roasting is the conventional technique used in the pyrometallurgical processing of copper, nickel, and zinc sulphide concentrates.
		During roasting, the sulphur is removed by adding air and simultaneously heating and drying the concentrate to achieve sulphur content favourable for smelting.
	www.ec.gc.ca /CEPARegistry/documents/code/smelters/c2.cfm (1851 words)

	Norddeutsche Affinerie AG
		A furnace used in pyrometallurgical copper refining in which copper is cleaned in a combined rinsing and reduction process (known as poling) and anode copper produced by reducing the copper’s oxygen content.
		There are two processes: pyrometallurgical (where high temperatures are used to extract metals) and hydrometallurgical (where chemical reactions in water are used to extract metals).
		A single-stage pyrometallurgical facility for the recovery of precious metals from the anode slimes in the copper tankhouse.
	www.na-ag.com /NA_en/global/glossar.html (1542 words)

	Transformation : ROCK'N METAL : Musée de la civilisation
		All the stages in the copper pyrometallurgical process (smelting and converting) produce sulphur in gaseous form, sulphur dioxide.
		It is cleaned in a scruber and then routed to a nearby plant, where it is converted into sulphuric acid, a by-product of the pyrometallurgical process.
		The gases produced during the pyrometallurgical process are captured and recycled.
	www.mcq.org /roc/en/transformation/transformation_3_2_6.html (115 words)

	Battery Recycling Technology, Battery Recycling Plant, Lead Battery Recycling Technology, Battery Recycling Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Typically, in pyrometallurgical Secondary Lead Smelting, Lead Bearing Battery Materials are charged into a furnace together with appropriate fluxes and reductants, drosses, returning slags and process dusts for smelting.
		Pyrometallurgical processes have been the most widely used for Lead recycling.
		In a comparison with some other technologically more complex processes, the pyrometallurgical process scores high on parameters like low capital and lifecycle costs and requirement of highly skilled manpower, economic viability of a range of capacities and relatively low core electrical power requirements, among many others.
	www.gravitaexim.com /Battery-Recycling/Battery-Recycling-Technology.html (514 words)

	Zinc Processing
		At the zinc processing plant, the zinc is first reduced using pyrometallurgical methods, including distillation, or hydrometallurgical methods, including electrowinning, calcination, leaching, or purification.
		Using pyrometallurgical refinement techniques, the zinc can be recovered.
		Slag is generated during pyrometallurgical processes and may be hazardous.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/01/text/00778/chapter7.htm (791 words)

	Process for a sulfidizing pretreatment of the slag of pyrometallurgical processes in order to facilitate its further ...
		The process of claim 1 for sulfidizing pre-treatment of fayalite slag, in which finely-divided pyrite and the slag are stacked in alternate layers, the temperature of the slag being about 1150.degree.-1250.degree.
		The present invention relates to a process for sulfidizing pretreatment of the slag of pyrometallurgical processes, in particular olivine slags and other silicate slags, in order to facilitate the recovery of their valuable metal content during the further treatment stages, especially in froth flotation of slag.
		The process relates to the pyrometallurgical reduction of the slag phase, to the sulfidization of its valuable-metal content, and to the improvement of its grindability when using froth flotation methods.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4304596.html (9216 words)

	DocCopper's Copper Smelter Page
		Pyrometallurgical processing of the concentrate consists of smelting, converting, and fire refining.
		Smelting consists of melting the sulfide concentrate in an oxidizing atmosphere, which produces a copper rich (35-70% Cu) molten sulfide phase called matte, a low copper silicate slag, and offgas with SO The capture of SO is environmentally important and economically significant due to the production of H
		Anodes are made from the strip by shearing.
	doccopper.tripod.com /copper/smelting.html (544 words)

	Pyro 2006 Overview
		The primary intention is to showcase Southern African pyrometallurgical operations and to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas between people from various types of smelters.
		It is also within easy reach of many of the pyrometallurgical plants for those people who would like to participate in post-conference visits.
		There is a particular significance to the choice of location, in that the Swartkrans area close to the Sterkfontein Caves is the site of the earliest evidence of the deliberate controlled use of fire by humans (about 1.3 million years ago), and this is obviously a necessary precursor to pyrometallurgy.
	www.pyrometallurgy.co.za /Pyro2006 (479 words)

	Kovohuty, a. s. - Capacity production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Refining furnace - pyrometallurgical refining of converted copper and high-content copper scrap
		The capacities of pyrometallurgical production have been utilized at 40-60 % so far.
		The production capacities in the field of pyrometallurgical production will be used at 100% thanks to the entrance of the strategic investor and sufficiency of financial resources.
	www.kovohuty.sk /En/production-capacity.html (118 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Environmental concerns associated with the processing of both metals will be considered, along with the acceptable disposal of the various slags, residues, and bleed streams produced by the industry.
		The introduction of the Sirosmelt process for the pyrometallurgical production of lead instead of the prior conventional process has also demonstrated the following advantages: reduced emissions of heavy metals and gaseous compounds, reduction of the specific energy consumption, minimization of residues and a reduction of staff and maintenance costs.
		Thc flexibility of the pyrometallurgical zinc production process, especially its ability for recycling, makes it competitive although it is energy intensive.
	doc.tms.org /servlet/ProductCatalog?category=01-4860 (6171 words)

	Hazen Research
		The basic premise of most pyrometallurgical operations is simple: high-temperature chemistry is employed to segregate valuable metals in one phase while rejecting gangue and impurities in another phase.
		Most industrial processes are commodity-specific, because they were developed to deal with the unique physical and chemical properties associated with a particular metal and its naturally occurring impurities.
		Thus, pyrometallurgical process development demands a keen understanding of thermochemistry, kinetics, reactor design, and materials/refractory selection.
	www.hazenusa.com /thermal-2.php (236 words)

	SUMITOMO METAL MINING
		However, with pyrometallurgical type refining an array of environmental and operational concerns must be addressed, including the elimination of pollutants in the sulfurous acid gas emitted during smelting at high temperatures and handling of the high-temperature melt.
		With SMM’s new process, construction of refineries to process chalocopyrite concentrate is expected to be equal to or cheaper in cost than with pyrometallurgical type refining or the other hydrometallurgical methods revealed to date.
		Furthermore, in light of the hydrometallurgical method’s advantages over pyrometallurgical refining with respect to environmental and operational aspects, demand for the new process should heighten even further in the coming years.
	www.smm.co.jp /w_news/news_E/20050616_e.html (748 words)

	CSIRO_Report_LCA_CuNi
		The contributions of the various process stages to the overall GWP are shown in Figures 1 and 2 for the copper and nickel base cases respectively.
		The APs of the copper pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes are similar, while the AP of the nickel hydrometallurgical process is about half that of the pyrometallurgical process because of the oxide ore being treated.
		Figure 5 shows that by changing from fl coal to natural gas (at the base case efficiency of 35%) the GWP of the copper hydrometallurgical process was reduced from 6.2 to 4.2 while for the pyrometallurgical process it was reduced from 3.3 to 2.4.
	www.minerals.csiro.au /sd/CSIRO_Paper_LCA_CuNi.htm (3601 words)

	Harris, Ralph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The development of strategies for pyrometallurgical processing for the future lies in the recognition that sustainable development calls for large step improvements in value delivered per unit of environmental impact over the entire supply chain.
		Pyrometallurgists can respond to the challenge by contributing to reducing the environmental impact of meeting metal needs using three broad strategies: "end-of-pipe" approaches to convert emissions into benign materials for storage or disposal; flowsheet redesign to limit or eliminate emission production; and improved recycling technologies.
		A number of examples are discussed to illustrate how the sustainability driver is already influencing the technological development of pyrometallurgical processes, and how these will develop further as the sustainability driver strengthens.
	www.mcgill.ca /mse/pastevents/2003symposium/presentations/harris (436 words)

	Dr.Paul H. Lindon
		Dr. Lindon is a Full Professor in Metallurgical Engineering and former Director of the School of Engineering, 1981-1985 and 1994-2202, with continuing research interests in pyrometallurgical processing of non-ferrous materials and in the structural evaluation of mine hoist ropes and failure analysis of engineering materials.
		In 1967 Dr. Lindon commenced a Post Doctoral Research Fellowship with the Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Group at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, and conducted research on slag foaming in BOF converters and on laboratory and pilot scale studies of stirring in BOF converters by argon introduction via a porous refractory plug in the vessel base.
		Major contributions included analysis of heat transfer and scale-up factors in the SL/RN direct reduction process, analysis of mass transfer mechanisms in nickel-copper matte smelting under reducing conditions, and development of design conditions for fluid bed roasting and electric furnace smelting of sulphide nickel-copper concentrates.
	laurentian.ca /engr/people/plindon/profile.htm (405 words)

	HiTec Energy - The Hitec Electrofuel Project - The HiTec Electrofuel Process
		The main benefit of the hydrometallurgical route is the simplicity of the leach process and the ease of measuring the condition of the reaction to enable its control.
		In comparison, given best conditions in each leach process, badly roasted ore from the pyrometallurgical process will not release all its manganese content in the acid leach, and manganese will go to waste.
		The off gases of CO2 and CO from the roasting kiln have to be burnt to eradicate CO, forming more CO2 and then scrubbed to remove the dust carried from the kiln.
	www.hitec-energy.com.au /electrofuelproject/electrofuel.htm (477 words)

	Purex and Pyro Are Not The Same
		Consequently, a "dry" (nonaqueous) pyrometallurgical method was developed -- a process that cannot by itself produce plutonium of weapons-quality purity.
		It is important to realize that the nuclear fuel cycle can be "closed" (essentially all of the energy in the mined uranium exploited) only by consuming the actinides (uranium and transuranics) in a fast neutron spectrum.
		By the way, it has sometimes been asserted that the chemically impure plutonium produced by the pyrometallurgical process could be used to make a bomb without further separation.
	www.nationalcenter.org /PurexPyro.html (3605 words)

	Copper extraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The copper ore is crushed and ground before it is concentrated to between 20 and 40% copper in a flotation process.
		The next major step in production uses pyrometallurgical processes to convert the copper concentrate to 99% pure copper suitable for electrochemical refining.
		Copper concentrate may be treated by either hydrometallurgical methods or sintered before pyrometallurgical methods are used to produce copper metal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copper_extraction (1679 words)

	Lead Refining Solutions, Lead Refining Plant, Secondary Lead Smelter, Battery Refining Plant, Lead Refining Equipments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Gravitaexim Refining Plant use pyrometallurgical refining process for Lead refining, producing Lead with a minimum purity level of 99.97% from furnace tapped crude Lead.
		The objective of the refining process is to remove almost all copper (Cu), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As) and tin (Sn), since soft Lead are not allowed to have more than 10g per ton of these metals.
		There are two methods of Lead refining: hydrometallurgical methods, which were already described in the Lead reduction section, and pyrometallurgical or thermal processes, which are described here.
	www.gravitaexim.com /Lead-Metal/Lead-Refining-Solutions.html (784 words)

	Smarter Use of Nuclear Waste
		In particular, a relatively new form of nuclear technology could overcome the principal drawbacks of current methods--namely, worries about reactor accidents, the potential for diversion of nuclear fuel into highly destructive weapons, the management of dangerous, long-lived radioactive waste, and the depletion of global reserves of economically available uranium.
		This nuclear fuel cycle would combine two innovations: pyrometallurgical processing (a high-temperature method of recycling reactor waste into fuel) and advanced fast-neutron reactors capable of burning that fuel.
		With this approach, the radioactivity from the generated waste could drop to safe levels in a few hundred years, thereby eliminating the need to segregate waste for tens of thousands of years.
	www.sciamdigital.com /index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=5D1D3DF7-2B35-221B-65ECD6262B4898E7 (245 words)

	Nickel Cadmium / Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Recycling
		These are rechargeable or "secondary batteries." The batteries are disassembled by shredding and/or hammer-mill.
		The electrolytes are neutralized; the heavy metals are recovered by pyrometallurgical processes; and the heavy metals are sold back into the manufacturing chain.
		Click here for more information on nickel cadmium/nickel metal hydride battery recycling.
	www.batteryrecycling.com /nickel.html (66 words)

	Presman Mastermelt - Tour the plant
		Operating as a PPC site, it uses both pyrometallurgical and chemical technology in the recycling of precious metals.
		Here we refine a wide variety of industrial materials by pyrometallurgical and chemical processes.
		The residues after incineration and milling are blended and final sampled in a dedicated area.
	www.mastermelts.co.uk /Pages/tour2.html (190 words)

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