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Topic: Pyrophoric

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	Pyrophoric material with metal skeleton - Patent 4815386
		Pyrophoric preparations made of crushable open-celled metal skeleton such as honeycomb, metal foam or expanded twisted foil, filled with pyrophoric powder, so that when crushed to make a compact disc the metal skeleton is deformed and helps lock the powder particles in place.
		The combination of claim 1 in which the metal is combustible and the pyrophoric powder is sufficient to cause the metal to be raised to its combustion temperature by the pyrophoric reaction of the powder.
		The present invention relates to pyrophoric preparations, and particularly to such preparations in which the pyrophoric character is contributed by pyrophoric powder.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4815386.html (2403 words)

	EH&S: Industrial Hygiene: Recommended Procedures 8: Pyrophoric Chemicals
		Many pyrophoric chemicals release noxious or flammable gases and should be handled in a hood. In addition, some pyrophoric materials are stored under kerosene (or other flammable solvent), therefore the use of a fume hood is required to prevent the release of flammable vapors into the laboratory.
		Gloves should be worn when handling pyrophoric chemicals. The selection of glove materials should be made according to the MSDS and the recommendations of the glove manufacturer.
		Pyrophoric chemicals should be stored under an atmosphere of inert gas or under kerosene as appropriate. Do not store pyrophoric materials with flammable materials or in a flammable-liquids storage cabinet. Store these materials away from sources of ignition. Minimize the quantities of pyrophoric chemicals stored in the laboratory.
	www.safety.rochester.edu /ih/standops8.html (736 words)

	Pyrophoric Iron Fires
		Instances of fires in crude columns during turnarounds, explosions in sulfur, crude or asphalt storage tanks, overpressures in vessels, etc., due to pyrophoric iron ignition are not uncommon.
		The individual crystals of pyrophoric iron sulfides are extremely finely divided, the result of which is that they have an enormous surface area-to-volume ratio.
		This pyrophoric iron sulfide (PIS) lays dormant in the equipment until the equipment is shutdown and opened for service, exposing the PIS to air, allowing the exothermic process of rapid oxidation of the sulfides to oxides to occur, as shown in the equations below:
	www.cheresources.com /ironfires.shtml (550 words)

	SESHA - Journal - Abstract
		Pyrophoric waste gases are also generated from a variety of processes in a semiconductor facility, such as CVD (chemical vapor deposition) and diffusion.
		The most prevalent risks associated with pyrophoric gases are fires and explosions.
		Another factor that complicates the treatment of pyrophoric gases is that, depending on the process requirements, they could be mixed with flammable or toxic gases in the gas supply system, in the process tools or in the exhaust stream.
	www.semiconductorsafety.org /journal/abstractdetails.php3?id=110 (325 words)

	CfA Safety (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pyrophoric Gas - a highly flammable and reactive gas which may spontaneously burn or explode when released into air.
		Pyrophoric gases should be labeled as "flammable gas" on a red and white placard.
		The quantities of flammable, pyrophoric, toxic, corrosive, and oxidizing gases should be kept to the minimum needed for an operation.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /cfa/safety/CH6_3.HTM (1044 words)

	Pyrophoric Chemicals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Many pyrophoric chemicals release noxious or flammable gases and should be handled in a hood.
		In addition some pyrophoric materials are stored under kerosene (or other flammable solvents), therefore the use of a fume hood is required to prevent the release of flammable vapors in the laboratory.
		Pyrophoric chemicals should be stored under an atmosphere of inert gas or under kerosene as appropriate.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /safety/SOP/PyrophoricChemicals.htm (1086 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Pyrophoric
		Many pyrophoric materials are also water reactive, reacting vigorously with water or high humidity, often igniting upon contact.
		Most typically, pyrophoric materials are manipulated in an inert (unreactive) atmosphere of nitrogen or argon using specialized glassware.
		Pyrophoric materials should only be used or handled by those with explicit training in their hazards, properties and use.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/pyrophoric.html (405 words)

	Bristol Aerospace - Pyrophoric IR Flare
		The purpose of pyrophoric flares is to decoy Infrared (IR) seeking missiles away from aircraft.
		When the flare is fully expelled from the dispenser, the free end of the cable, connected to a friction wire in the flare, pulls on the friction wire to ignite a gas generating composition.
		The pyrophoric fluid, expelled through a nozzle and mixing chamber, disperses into the air stream to ignite spontaneously with the air.
	www.bristol.ca /PyrophoricIRFlare.html (363 words)

	The World Market for Candles, Matches, Pyrophoric Alloys, Articles of Combustible Materials, and Smokers' Requisites: A ...
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for candles, matches, pyrophoric alloys, articles of combustible materials, and smokers’ requisites for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across country markets and projects these to the current year.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of candles, matches, pyrophoric alloys, articles of combustible materials, and smokers’ requisites to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.marketresearch.com /product/display.asp?productid=913626&xs=r&curr=USD&kw=&view=abs (707 words)

	EHRS: Chemical Hygiene Plan
		Pyrophoric chemicals are liquids and solids that will ignite spontaneously in air at about 130 °F. Titanium dichloride and phosphorus are example of pyrophoric solids; tributylaluminum and related compounds are examples of pyrophoric liquids.
		Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to pyrophoric chemicals, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use.
		Glove boxes may be used to handle pyrophoric chemicals if inert or dry atmospheres are required.
	www.ehrs.upenn.edu /programs/labsafety/chp/sop/pyros.html (1083 words)

	The World Market for Candles, Matches, Pyrophoric Alloys, Articles of Combustible
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for candles, matches, pyrophoric alloys, articles of combustible materials, and smokers’ requisites for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of candles, matches, pyrophoric alloys, articles of combustible materials, and smokers’ requisites for all countries in the world.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of candles, matches, pyrophoric alloys, articles of combustible materials, and smokers’ requisites to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.mindbranch.com /Candles-Matches-Pyrophoric-R307-20868 (722 words)

	Pyrophoric Materials Handbook: Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chambers' technical dictionary [3] defines pyrophoric powders as "finely divided powders which take fire or oxidize extremely rapidly when exposed to the air; usually a metal or a mixture of a metal and its oxide".
		A simplified definition of "ignition" is the initiation of combustion, [5] and combustion may be defined as the process by which materials are oxidized at a rapid rate.
		In a previous review of pyrophoricity in the nuclear materials field, Smith[10] concludes that for a metal powder of a particular size, there exists a definite minimum quantity of metal for spontaneous ignition to occur.
	www.towson.edu /~schmitt/pyro/chapter1.html (1770 words)

	934. ---------------.[FINZEL, T. G.] Pyrophoric Iron. II. Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia and the Use of Pyrophoric Iron in the Ammonia Synthesis.
		Adsorption of CO by pyrophoric Fe is no criterion for pyrophoric activity; adsorption seems to depend primarily upon the amount of residual oxide contained in the Fe.
		Sensitivity and ease of inactivation of pyrophoric Fe may be due to rapid recrystallization, the processes of which are hindered by the presence of cores of Fe in the particles.
	www.fischer-tropsch.org /Bureau_of_Mines/abs_of_lit/lit-abs/0900/lit0934.htm (115 words)

	Pyrophoric Materials Handbook: Chapter 1
		Chambers' technical dictionary [3] defines pyrophoric powders as "finely divided powders which take fire or oxidize extremely rapidly when exposed to the air; usually a metal or a mixture of a metal and its oxide".
		A simplified definition of "ignition" is the initiation of combustion, [5] and combustion may be defined as the process by which materials are oxidized at a rapid rate.
		In a previous review of pyrophoricity in the nuclear materials field, Smith[10] concludes that for a metal powder of a particular size, there exists a definite minimum quantity of metal for spontaneous ignition to occur.
	saber.towson.edu /~schmitt/pyro/chapter1.html (0 words)

	Pyrophoric Material Risk Assessment
		Pyrophoric materials are those that ignite spontaneously in air below about 45 deg.C. Consequently the main hazards arising from the use of such materials involve fire, either from direct contact with the pyrophoric material or as a result of secondary fires following ignition.
		Transfer of pyrophoric may be carried out by syringe fitted with a lockable needle to prevent the needle from being dislodged accidentally.
		Even for experienced workers, pyrophoric materials present some risk of injury and should never be used by Undergraduates without the approval of their Supervisor i.e.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /safety/pyrora.htm (416 words)

	Pyrophorics
		Pyrophoric materials are those that are capable of spontaneous combustion in the presence of air.
		Or, on the other hand, ignition could be essentially instantaneous, the time delay being measured in milliseconds as with trimethylaluminum.
		Pyrophoric materials should be stored in tightly closed containers under an inert atmosphere or liquid.
	safety.science.tamu.edu /pyrophorics.html (184 words)

	PUB-3000 Chapter 13 \| GASES \| REV'D 2/2002
		Pyrophoric gas that also has a NFPA health-hazard classification of 3 or 4 must be stored in and used in a gas cabinet.
		Pyrophoric gas cylinders located in gas cabinets must have mechanical ventilation at a minimum rate of 1 m/s (200 fpm) air velocity across the cylinder valve and gas fittings with the cabinet access port(s) closed.
		Pyrophoric gas flow, purge, and exhaust systems must have redundant controls that prevent pyrophoric gas from igniting or exploding in an unsafe and uncontrolled manner.
	www.lbl.gov /ehs/pub3000/CH13.html (6693 words)

	Purchasing, Safety and Security Office
		Pyrophoric materials are those that ignite spontaneously in air below about 45 deg C. Consequently the main hazards arising from the use of such materials involve fire, either from direct contact with the pyrophoric material or as a result of secondary fires following ignition.
		Transfer of pyrophoric may be carried out by syringe fitted with a lockable needle to prevent the needle from being dislodged accidentally.
		Even for experienced workers, pyrophoric materials present some risk of injury and should never be used by Undergraduates without the approval of their Supervisor i.e.
	www.chemistry.nus.edu.sg /PSSO/Safety/Risk/pyrophoric.htm (420 words)

	Pyrophoric Materials Handbook: Chapter 5
		In the case of massive pyrophoric metals, the surface is likewise rapidly cooled by conduction of heat to subsurface levels, but at a rate far greater than takes place between quiescent layers of oil.
		Zima concluded that the character of a pyrophoric event appears to be strongly sensitive to the specific area(s) of the reacting masses.
		Particular attention was given by the authors to the use of the rising temperature ignition test as a method for determining the pyrophoric characteristics of metal powders.
	www.towson.edu /users/schmitt/pyro/chapter5.html (4091 words)

	The FLIR Tape: Evidence That The FBI Started The Fire? [Free Republic]
		Moreover, with the FBI allowing to keep the unfired ammunition, there was no need for paperwork showing the number of rounds returned to the army; no paperwork indicating if any of the pyrophoric rounds had been fired.
		There are indications that the 40 mm pyrophoric ammunition passed through the Davidian building.
		That the 40 mm pyrophoric ammunition had a 'submunition' (apparently and explosive used to disperse the pyrophoric material into the air; in other words, the submunition would fire first dispersing the pyrophoric material, which would then ignite).
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a37d56db54b31.htm (953 words)

	IPAC @ LLNL - Technology Profile: Pyrophoric Metal Using Sol-Gel Chemistry
		Researchers at LLNL have developed an environmentally friendly method to produce high surface area, porous, nanometer sized pyrophoric metals using sol-gel chemistry.
		After producing the nanostructured metal oxides, the LLNL method then produces the pyrophoric metal by reducing the metal oxide to pure metal.
		Under a unique set of conditions this transformation can be done while retaining the desirable sol-gel material properties of high surface areas, high porosities as well as the small particle size.
	www.llnl.gov /IPandC/technology/profile/announcement/Pyrophoric_Metal.php (377 words)

	Exhaust Management - Pyrophoric Conditioning System
		The Pyrophoric Conditioning System (PCS) is a compact, cost-effective unit using the 'self-oxidation' principle to safely remove silane from PECVD and LPCVD process exhausts to below flammable limits.
		The system offers many advantages over the simple "burn box".
		BOC and the stripe symbol are trade marks of The Linde Group AG.
	www.bocedwards.com /exhaust_manage/pcs_cs.shtml (158 words)

	pyrophoric : design goodness and other random stuff (Site not responding. Last check: )
		pyrophoric : design goodness and other random stuff
		pyrophoric : web design and development blog, testbed and lab
		Two clients sites went live in the last few days..
	pyrophoric.co.uk (0 words)

	UW EH&S - Hazardous Materials Overview (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Materials that are extremely hazardous to property, health or the environment (highly toxic gas, explosive, highly water reactive, and pyrophoric materials for example) must not be procured until the necessary permits, administrative, engineering and environmental controls are in place.
		Pyrophoric Material: Pyrophoric material is a material that will spontaneously ignite when it comes into contact with air.
		Potassium metal is an example of a pyrophoric material.
	www.ehs.washington.edu /fsohazmat/hazmatl.shtm (822 words)

	Gas Monitoring Program
		Gases that shall be monitored by a continuous monitor except when the cylinder gas concentration is below the pyrophoric limit for that gas (for example, 2 % or less silane or disilane).
		Highly toxic gas, toxic gas and pyrophoric gas monitoring requires that sensing ports be located in the gas cabinet and at least each of the following locations:
		When a gas is both toxic and flammable or pyrophoric, the more stringent (sensitive) monitoring requirement shall be used.
	www.ncsu.edu /ehs/www99/right/handsMan/workplace/gasMonitor.html (1930 words)

	PUB-3000 Chapter 23 \| SEISMIC SAFETY \| REV'D 11/05
		These requirements apply to the seismic restraint of nonstructural elements or equipment containing or supporting dispersible extremely toxic, infectious, or pyrophoric materials such as arsine, phosphine, or bromine pentafluoride.
		When moving into or rearranging work areas, each division is responsible for providing anchorage for seismic resistance of nonstructural building elements (such as research equipment and systems and related vents, plumbing, ducting, electrical wiring and equipment, fixtures, furnishings, and material storage facilities).
		Stacks and ductwork handling pyrophorics are exempt from these requirements, provided a seismic sensor is installed that will stop gas flow at the gas bottle in the event of an earthquake.
	www.lbl.gov /ehs/pub3000/CH23.html (4291 words)

	NAVY - 217 Phase I Selections from the 05.1 Solicitation
		These foils have a number of drawbacks, such as a limited and known signature that will eventually be defeated and a supply that comes from a non-competitive sole source.
		Refinement and characterization of these materials are all that is required to obtain a crucial second source of IR countermeasure material.
		It is anticipated that control of the coating thickness and content, as well as the IR absorbing and radiating properties of the host CNF will permit new methods of IR spectral control that can be exploited to maintain a renewable technological edge over IR seeker technology.
	www.dodsbir.net /selections/abs051/navyabs051.htm (8676 words)

	Powder Dust Explosion Review by READE
		Metals generally considered to be pyrophoric in certain conditions are: aluminum, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, hafnium, iridium, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, nickel, palladium, platinum, plutonium, potassium, rubidium, sodium, tantalum, thorium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium.
		Pyrophoric Definition: According to Webster's dictionary, "pyrophoric" (1) means "igniting spontaneously, as certain finely divided materials".
		The word "pyrophoric" has also been defined (2) as "producing sparks, when rubbed, or burning spontaneously in air, e.g.
	www.reade.com /Safety/dust.html (637 words)

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