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Pyrrhic Dance

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	Pontian Dance - Traditional Dancing from Pontos
		The rhythm of these dances is very difficult and it is important that the dancers dance as a unit; kinetic distinction is not centered on the lead dancer.
		Danced by seven couples (the first couple is the newly wedds), and a "Mono" or the single.
		Dance from the Bafra region, danced in 1680 at the castle of the river Ali (Kislar kale) and represents the choice of death rather then giving in to the Turks.
	www.angelfire.com /folk/pontian.net/dance/dance.htm (1521 words)

	The Dance: Historic Illustrations of Dancing from 3300 B.C. to 1911 A.D.
		Their dances may be divided into sections somewhat thus: (1) those of a religious species, (2) those of a gymnastic nature, (3) those of a mimetic character, (4) those of the theatre, such as the chorus, (5) those partly social, partly religious dances, such as the hymeneal, and (6) chamber dances.
		Dances in honour of Venus were common, she was the patroness of proper and decent dancing; on the contrary, those in honour of Dionysius or Bacchus degenerated into revelry and obscenity.
		The social dances, and those in honour of the seasons, fire and water, were numerous and generally local; whilst the chamber dances, professional dancing, the throwing of the Kotabos, and such-like, must be left to the reader's further study of the authors mentioned in the bibliography at the end of the work.
	www.bencourtney.com /ebooks/dance (8667 words)

	The Origins Of Greek Tragedy - Dance And Theatre
		The Threnos or choral dance and song of lamentation defines for the audience the clash and contrast of emotion; the death of the old and its remorse opposed to the birth of the new and its joy.
		Plato said that orchesi's, dancing, "was the instinctive desire to explain words by gestures of the entire body"; and Aristotle, that dancing "was an imitation of actions, characters and passions by means of postures and rhythmical movements." Theatrical dancing was always combined with song, to explain or intensify the words.
		Theatrical dancing was divided into three chief categories after the three dramatic types: the grave Emmelia, for tragedy; harmonious, unbroken, close to the religious Emmelia; the lively Kordax, for comedy; and the lewd Sikinnis, for satyr-plays, whose members wore pink drawers or skirts for attachable horse-hair tails and phalloi.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles06/dance-16.shtml (10865 words)

	Ancient Greek Dance
		According to some authorities, one of the earliest dances was attributed to Phrygian origin, was the Aloenes, danced to the Phrygian flute by the priests of Cybele in honour of her daughter Ceres.
		Dances in honour of Venus were common, she was the patroness of proper and decent dancing.
		The tragic dance, Emmelia, was solemn; whilst that in comedy, Cordax, was frivolous, and the siccinis, or dance of Satyrs, was often obscene.
	www.carnaval.com /greece/dance (3311 words)

	Chapter Put <i>to</i> Python of P by Brewer's Phrase & Fable
		Pyrrhic Dance, the most famous war-dance of antiquity, received its name from Pyrrichos, a Dorian.
		It was danced to the flute, and its time was very quick.
		The Romaika, still danced in Greece, is a relic of the ancient Pyrrhic dance.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1181/23759/2.html (547 words)

	[No title]
		Dances in particular could be of a playful nature, as one of the verbs for dance in ancient Greek (paizo), with its ambiguous meanings "to dance" and "to play," indicates.
		To dance is in a sense to become once again a child, as suggested by the derivation of paizo from pais (child).
		We are told (240-41) that the athletic contests described in Iliad 23 serve a function similar to that of the death dances of the Lugbara of Uganda.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-9405-sansone-dance.txt (1689 words)

	Korybantes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dance, according to Greek thought, was one of the civilizing activities, like wine-making or music.
		The dance in armor (the "pyrrhic dance" or pyrriche) was a male coming-of-age initiation ritual linked to a warrior victory celebration.
		The scholar Jane Ellen Harrison wrote that besides being guardians, nurturers, and initiators of the infant Zeus, the Kouretes were primitive magicians and seers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Korybantes (524 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.05.16
		There follow chapters that are concerned with the role of dance in initiations, courtship and marriage rituals and funeral rites and, finally, a chapter on the dance-loving god Pan.
		In his earlier book Lonsdale had been concerned with dances in which humans imitate animals, and he seemed to suggest there that the origins of dance are to be sought among such activities.
		Lonsdale discusses "the motif of abduction of the young girl from the dancing ground," regarding it as a "challenge to the institution and social conventions surrounding marriage" (222).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1994/94.05.16.html (1736 words)

	Dancing, by Mrs. Lilly Grove, F.R.G.S., and other writers, with musical examples. Illustrated by Percy Macquoid and by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the earliest times dancing in connection with the drama consisted mostly of movements with the feet; the use of the hands and arms in dancing and the introduction of elaborate gesticulation were developments due to a later period.
		Athenæus says that dancing was brought to such perfection in imitating the passions that the most eminent sculptors often took their models and designs from the attitudes of public dancers, and thus produced that great beauty and grace of form and figure which have never been surpassed in the history of the world.
		Dances rehearsing the deeds of the gods were solemnised round the altar or statue, while hymns were sung in three parts: the Strophe, while turning from east to west; the Antistrophe, west to east; then the Epode, or end of the song, in front of the altar.
	www.bonus.com /contour/Northern_Great_Plains/http@@/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/musdi:@field(DOCID+@lit(M07714)) (4671 words)

	Sir Laurence Alma-Tadema - LoveToKnow 1911
		On these scenes from Frankish and Egyptian life Alma-Tadema spent great energy and research; but his strongest art-impulse was towards the presentation of the life of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the latter.
		In 1863 AlmaTadema married a French lady, and lived at Brussels till 1869, when she died, leaving him a widower with two daughters, Laurence and Anna, both of whom afterwards made reputations - the former in literature, the latter in art.
		In 1869 he sent from Brussels to the Royal Academy two pictures, " Un Amateur romain " and " Une Dance pyrrhique," which were followed by three pictures, including " Un Jongleur," in 1870, when he came to London.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sir_Laurence_Alma-Tadema (870 words)

	StreetSwing's Dance History Archives- War Type Dances - Main1
		These dances were said to be rare, for they denoted a foresight which the savage seldom possessed; but dances precedingthe battle, and having for their object the incitement of the warriors to a state of frenzy, were described by various travellers.
		The invention of this dance is variously attributed to Pyrrhus (neoptolemus - son of Achilles,) the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), the Cureres, Athene, and to Achilles, in honour of Patroclus and is Greek in origin, however was very popular with the Romans.
		Geranos, or Crane dance, representing the intricacies of the Cretan labyrinth.
	www.streetswing.com /histmain/z3war1.htm (1513 words)

	Ancient Greek Dance (1/2)
		These martial dances are part of the basic military education in both Athens and Sparta accompanied by the sound of a flute.
		Geranos (Γέρανος) (crane dance) was danced in Delos.
		Sikkinis (Σίκκινις) was the dance of the satirical drama, imitating the movements of cats and danced by Satyrs..
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Dance.htm (1582 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.03.17
		Female pyrrhic dancers are depicted as dancing at symposia and occasionally in marriage contexts; the former may jokingly recall men's valor to themselves (or reflect actual symposium entertainment) while the latter perhaps portray a girl at the threshold of marriage.
		The Cretan armed dance associated with the Kouretes (called "prylis" in a few sources) was different in origin -- circular, danced with swords rather than spears and meant to induce fertility -- but was later identified with the pyrrhiche.
		In the conclusion to the chapter C. mentions the problem that the pyrrhiche is described not as a dance of transition but as a triumphal dance, which she interprets as a mark of warrior integration.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-03-17.html (2761 words)

	Albanian Dance Schools in Albania, Dancewear Suppliers, Wholesalers, Dancing Organizations, Folk Dance Ensemble of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Albanian Dance is usually danced by the Albanians in full armour, and is supposed to be the ancient Pyrrhic dance.
		Wilder groups amuse themselves in the Pyrrhic dance of the Spacchiotes, danced in short kirtles, long boots, with a quiver of arrows and bent bow; the Klepht and Albanian dances, where a long chain of dancers is led by a coryphæeus.
		The National Ensemble of Folk Songs and Dances (NEFSD) was established as a professional ensemble in 1957, having all the artistic and technical components of an artistic troupe.
	bangkokcompanies.com /Dance/albania_dance_schools.htm (900 words)

	Ancient Greek Dance (2/2)
		Pyrrhic dance with shields and spears according to Alma Tadema.
		He danced on a table, which was rather showy anyway, but he was finally so indelicate as to dance with his head on the table and his legs gyrating in the air.
		Isadora Duncan Dancing in an Amphitheatre in Athens
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Dance2.htm (1090 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The pyrrhic dance existed, according to ancient sources, as both a generic and specific version of weapon dance.
		In general terms, the dance occurred throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, and was characterized by its various offensive and defensive steps involving choreographed movements of shield and spear.
		The identification of the figures as pyrrhic dancers on the Malibu kylix, however, establishes such a “sympotic” setting for the dance, and relates a variance of its performance in which the typical attributes of shield and spear are supplanted by chlamys and staff.
	classics.lss.wisc.edu /symposium/Abstracts/Johnson.doc (457 words)

	Origins of Oriental Dance: Pt 2a - Greece/Macedonia/Bible/India
		They were often characterized by frenzied nocturnal dances, with crazed outcries, to the stirring accompaniment of shrill flutes, tympana, metal cymbals, castanets of wood, earthenware or metal, horns, "bull-roarers", and rattles.
		In these situations, music and dance were used as a form of "medicine" for illness of the spirit and the body, as will be seen in the "trance dance" cults that still survive in many parts of the middle east.
		Lawler concludes that this dance must have included both a rotation of the hips, a movement which reminded the Greeks of the stirring of a pestle and also an occasional sharp jerk, suggestive of pounding.
	www.bdancer.com /history/BDhist2a.html (2555 words)

	Pyrrhic Dancing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pyrrhic dancing was a competition at the Panathenaea performed in armor (dancers above are only wearing a shield) by teams of young Athnenians representing their tribes.
		This dance was believed to have been first performed by Athena herself in celebration of her and her fellow Olympians' epic victory over the Giants.
		As with the athletic contests, there were three separate pyrrhic dancing contests, each for one of the three age categories (boys, beardless, men).
	depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /classics/dunkle/athnlife/pyrrhic.html (222 words)

	Brief Description of the Greek Dance
		Dance along with music, writing and physical exercise, was the basis of the educational system.
		Dances from Epirus tend to be slow and heavy and danced with immense dignity.
		A particular characteristic of the Cretan dances is the springing movement of the dancers.
	www.nostos.com /dance (1507 words)

	The origin of Tsakonikos Dance
		This dance was held around the Keratona altar which was surrounded by horns, which are situated on the left.
		With the prevail of the Olympian gods the habitants dedicated their sacred dance to Apollo, which according to the archeological data, was the most dominant worshipped god of ancient Kynouria which remained from the ancient years.
		The tsakonikos dance is pentasimos from Crete and because of the long syllable place it is described as paean fourth.
	users.otenet.gr /~apelon/origin.htm (1008 words)

	The art of dancing, historically illustrated. To which is added a few hints on etiquette; also, the figures, music, and ...
		For the woman that singeth in the dance is the prioress of the devil, and those that answer are his clerks, and the beholders are his parishioners, and the music are the bells, and the fiddlers the ministers of the devil.
		Although religious dancing was gradually excluded from the ceremonies of the church, nevertheless it constituted part of the worship in some of the Roman Catholic countries toward the close of the last century.
		Whether the Tarantella dance was first used as a remedy for the bite of a spider, or whether the attitudes and gestures with which the music inspired the sufferers, gave the first idea of forming them into a dance, it is impossible to determine; but it owes its origin unquestionably to that complaint.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /musdi/067/067.sgm (15449 words)

	Pontic Music and Dance presented in Culture section
		The oldest known Pontic dance is probably the “serra” or “pyrrikheos”, a pyrrhic dance that is described by Xenophon in the 4th century B.C. A mens’ war dance, it is sometimes danced with knives or short swords similar to the Caucasian kinjal.
		The dance that traditionally opens is the dipat or two step and is one of the oldest dance forms.
		This dance is sometimes mixed with Dipat so that while the dancers keep doing the same dance the melody shifts half a bar forward and back.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/pontic_music_and_dance (1102 words)

	Texts: On The Ancient English Morris Dance
		Additional remains of the Pyrrhic or sword dance are preserved in the dagger stuck in the man's cheeks, which constituted one of the hocus-pocus or legerdemain tricks practised by this character, among which were the threading of a needle, and the transferring of an egg from one hand to the
		With this man danced six others, carrying on their shoulders as many rein-deer heads, with the arms of the chief families to whom the revenues of the town belonged.
		To the above hobby-horse dance there belonged a pot, which was kept by turns by the reeves of the town, who provided cakes and ale to put into this pot ; all people who had any kindness for the good intent of the institution of the sport giving pence a-piece for themselves and families.
	individual.utoronto.ca /winerock/shakespeareandance/resources/douce_morris.html (7148 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Combat dances with swords (for example, the ancient Greek Pyrrhic dance) were used for military training.
		In Scotland (the Gillie Callum dance), the Balkans, India, and elsewhere, one or more dancers perform intricate steps over two swords crossed on the ground.
		In these dances, a circle of 4 to 20 or more dancers—linked by holding the hilt of one sword, the point of the next—leap over the swords, twist the circle, and weave the swords into a knot.
	history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..sw223200.a#FWNE.fw..s... (423 words)

	History of Dance
		DANCING DATES BACK TO 431 B.C. Dancing is a form of exercise or amusement where people make a series of graceful movements in measured steps in accord with music.
		Dancing mania, a habit accompanied by aberration of mind and distortions of the body, was very prevalent in Germany in 1374.
		Dance orchestras and bands have existed for centuries, but they were first confined to courts and other aristocratic patrons in European countries.
	tinpan.fortunecity.com /parliament/723/history.html (588 words)

	StreetSwing's Dance History Archives - Sword and Sabre Dance Page - Main1
		The sword dance was done in Nuremberg in 1350 as well as theCourt ballets which also used the sword dance in mock battles that were staged.
		In these dances, a circle of 4 to 20 or more dancers-linked by holding the hilt of one sword, the point of the next-leap over the swords, twist the circle, and weave the swords into a knot.
		Danzas de espadas, (a Spanish Dance) in which the dancers clothed in white cloth and armed with a sword, flutter to the sound of instruments.
	www.streetswing.com /histmain/z3sword1.htm (751 words)

	Pyrrhic Sword Dance - Albanian Forums
		Hilt-and-point sword dances traditional to England include rapper sword and long sword, although both of these are now also performed by revival teams outside their traditional areas, including teams in most of the English-speaking world.
		The Pyrrhic dance was introduced into Rome by Julius CÃ¦sar, who added it to the public games, and caused it to be performed by children.
		A martial dance, much of the character of the Pyrrhic, is said to be practised in the present day in Albania, and also in the Island of Candia.
	www.albanian.com /community/vbl/showthread.php?t=7158 (531 words)

	Brief Description of the Greek Dance
		The main dances are Sta Tria, Sta Dio, Kalamatianos, Tsamikos, Zagorisios, Menousis, Koftos, Fisouni, Kentimeni Podhia and Yiatros.
		The main dances are Sirtos Macedonias, Macedonikos Antikristos, Gaida, Leventikos, Akritikos, Baidouska, Partalos, Kastorianos and Mikri Eleni.
		Its music and dance is easily recognised by its nervous energy, their use of knee bends and unusual shoulder tremors, unique to Pontos.
	enostos.net /dance (1512 words)

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