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Topic: Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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	Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.51) is an allosteric enzyme that transforms pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called oxidative decarboxylation.
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a large complex composed of multiple copies of 3 subunits: 24 copies of pyruvate decarboxylase (E1), 24 copies of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) and 12 copies of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3).
		Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is bound to E1, and catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase (383 words)

	Richard W
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes from the quine nematode, Parascaris equorum and the canine cestode, Dipylidium canium, helminths exhibiting anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism.
		Lactate dehydrogenase from the protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis.
		Characterization of a testi-specific ß-pyruvate dehydrogenase in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum.
	www.mbc.pharm.utoledo.edu /mbc/biology_faculty/komuniecki.html (552 words)

	Pyruvate & Krebs.96
		Pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the acetyl-CoA is oxidized by the Krebs cycle.
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of a core of E2 to which the other enzymes are attached.
		In eukaryotes, pyruvate dehydrogenase is regulated by covalent modification (addition or removal of a phosphate group) - as stated in most textbooks.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr425/425Notes/05-PyrKrebs.html (2256 words)

	Catecholamine activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in white adipose tissue of the rat in vivo. Regulation of ...
		Intraperitoneal injections of noradrenaline or adrenaline into rats increased the proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active state in white adipose tissue; this effect of catecholamines was also apparent in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, showing that it was not due to an increase in serum insulin concentration.
		The catecholamine-induced increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase of white adipose tissue in vivo was completely blocked by prior injection of either the beta-antagonist propranolol or the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin.
		The results show that catecholamines activate pyruvate dehydrogenase of white adipose tissue both in vivo and in vitro and that this effect is mediated by a combination of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors.
	www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/propranolol-online-rx/propranolol-online-rx.1211.html (642 words)

	Plant Gene Register PGR98-192 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to yield acetyl-CoA and NADH.
		The amino acid sequence is 77% identical to the maize pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2.
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
	www.tarweed.com /pgr/PGR98-192.html (808 words)

	Diabetes: Mechanism Responsible for Inactivation of Skele... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Regulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is of critical importance in all mitochondria-containing cells of higher eukaryotes.
		Phosphorylation of E1 is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK); dephosphorylation, by pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.
		Increased phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as a result of increased PDK4 expression and activity has been proposed to be important for suppression of glucose oxidation in the heart in starvation and diabetes (5).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:55449717&refid=holomed_1 (5451 words)

	Coenzyme-A Technologies Inc. Coenzyme-A, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and the TCA Cycl
		During the oxidation of pyruvate to CO by pyruvate dehydrogenase the electrons flow from pyruvate to the lipoamide moiety of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase then to the FAD cofactor of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase and finally to reduction of NAD
		Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the sequential reduction of enzyme-bound FAD and non-heme-iron.
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase activities of the PDH complex are regulated by their state of phosphorylation.
	www.coenzyme-a.com /tca.html (2286 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Pyruvate Metabolism Disorders
		Pyruvate is formed in the processing of carbohydrates (source of sugar for the body), fats, and proteins, and is an energy source for the mitochondria, the energy-generating components of a cell.
		Hereditary problems with pyruvate metabolism can disturb the functioning of the mitochondria, causing any of a variety of symptoms, such as muscle damage, mental retardation, seizures, a build-up of lactic acid leading to excess acid in the body (acidosis), or failure of organ function, including that of the heart, lungs, kidneys, or liver.
		Like pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, interferes with or blocks the production of glucose in the body and thus can cause the accumulation of pyruvate in the blood and thus acidosis.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/child_metabolism/metabolism_pyruvate.html (264 words)

	References - pyruvate dehydrogenase - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape ...
		Reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase and involvement of ATP-citrate lyase in gluconeogenesis.
		Luethy MH, Miernyk JA, Randall DD 1995 The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences of a cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana E1 alpha-subunit.
		Tovar-Mendez A, Miernyk JA, Randall DD 2002 Histidine mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/pydh.htm (5223 words)

	Mitochondrial Products for PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase)
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is at the centre of aerobic carbohydrate metabolism.
		It is localized in the matrix space of mitochondria where it catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate entering the organelle to produce acetyl-CoA, NADH and CO2.
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits and the activity of this enzyme is regulated by a specific E1 kinase and phospho-E1-phosphatase, which respectively phophorylate and dephosphorylate the enzyme.
	www.mitosciences.com /pdh.html (485 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Isocitrate dehydrogenase I) iso-citrate + NADP+ ® oxalosuccinate + NADPH II) oxalosuccinate ® alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 The oxalosuccinate is an enzyme bound intermediate.
		Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate + FAD ® Fumarate + FADH2 SDH is tightly bound to the membrane in close association with the electron transport chain.
		Contrast this with the synthesis of alanine from pyruvate or of serine from 3-phosphoglyceric acid which pose no problem because glycolysis is a linear pathway and new intermediates are constantly made from glucose.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/Micr425/KrebsCycle96 (2580 words)

	The PDH complex
		In cells or tissues with a high energy charge pyruvate is directed toward fatty acid synthesis, but when the energy charge is low pyruvate is preferentially oxidized to CO
		When transported into the mitochondrion, pyruvate encounters two principal metabolizing enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase (a gluconeogenic enzyme) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the first enzyme of the PDH complex.
		During the course of the reaction the hydroxyethyl group derived from decarboxylation of pyruvate is bound to TPP.
	www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/tca.html (1035 words)

	Recent advances in mechanisms regulating glucose oxidation at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by PDKs ...
		Evaluation of the role of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha in the regulation of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 protein expression in response to starvation, high-fat feeding and hyperthyroidism.
		Fibre-type specific modification of the activity and regulation of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) by prolonged starvation and refeeding is associated with targeted regulation of PDK isoenzyme 4 expression.
		Adaptive increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 during starvation is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/5/E855 (5265 words)

	Purification of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex of Zymomonas mobilis and Identification and Sequence ...
		Purification of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex of Zymomonas mobilis and Identification and Sequence Analysis of the Corresponding Genes -- Neveling et al.
		The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex of the gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was purified to homogeneity.
		Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of yeast pyruvate dehydrogenase.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/6/1540 (5294 words)

	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
		Pyruvate is then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle in the mitochondria.
		This reaction is catalyzed by a multi-enzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a sixty subunit complex involving three enzymes: 24 pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1),
		The role of the individual subunits (alpha and beta) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme is still speculative, but it is proposed that both participate in the binding of thiamine pyrophosphate (3).
	www.arches.uga.edu /~sbaas (436 words)

	Differential Effect of DCA Treatment on the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Patients with Severe PDHC Deficiency -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		arise from an increase in the flux of pyruvate to mitochondria
		Robinson BH 1995 Lactic acidemia (disorders of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase).
		Otero LJ, Brown RM, Brown GK 1998 Arginine 302 mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit gene; identification of further patients and in vitro demonstration of pathogenicity.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/53/5/793 (4315 words)

	Detection of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1{alpha}-subunit Deficiencies in Females by Immunohistochemical Demonstration of ...
		Deficiency of the E1 -subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
		Cross JH, Connelly A, Gadian DG, Kendal BE, Brown GK, Brown RM, Leonard JV (1994) Clinical diversity of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency.
		Otero LJ, Brown RM, Brown GK (1998) Arginine 302 mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit gene: identification of further patients and in vitro demonstration of pathogenicity.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/50/7/877 (3831 words)

	Starvation and Diabetes Reduce the Amount of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase in Rat Heart and Kidney -- Huang et al. ...
		Sugden MC, Kraus A, Harris RA, Holness MJ: Fibre-type specific modification of the activity and regulation of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) by prolonged starvation and refeeding is associated with targeted regulation of PDK isoenzyme 4 expression.
		Kerbey AL, Randle PJ, Cooper RH, Whitehouse S, Pask HT, Denton RM: Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat heart: mechanism of regulation of proportions of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme by oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies and of effects of diabetes: role of coenzyme A, acetyl-coenzyme A and reduced and oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide.
		Baxter MA, Coore HG: The mode of regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase of lactating rat mammary gland: effects of starvation and insulin.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/6/1371 (4298 words)

	eMedicine - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency : Article by Richard E Frye, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Background: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with abnormal mitochondrial metabolism.
		The intramitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is composed of 3 basic substrate-processing enzymes: a protein X and 2 regulatory enzymes.
		Byrd DJ, Krohn HP, Winkler L, et al: Neonatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency with lipoate responsive lactic acidaemia and hyperammonaemia.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1969.htm (3211 words)

	Metabolic Control Analysis of Eucaryotic Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex
		At high pyruvate concentrations, the control is shared by all of the components, with E1 having a negative influence while the other three components, E2, X, and K, exert a positive control over the pyruvate decarboxylation rate.
		While pyruvate dilution effects are shown to be negligible under all conditions, significant PDH complex dilution effects are observed under certain conditions.
		At high pyruvate levels, PDH components are shown to exert a higher degree of control when reactions are taking place inside the cells as compared to the in vitro situation.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bipret/2002/18/i06/abs/bp025613p.html (376 words)

	Biochemistry Study Questions on Fates of Pyruvate and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Describe the role of TPP in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
		Describe the role of the lipoamide prosthetic group of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase in the oxidation of the hydroxyethyl-TPP complex of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
		-dependent dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase component of the pyruvate dehydroagenase complex to be a flavoprotein.
	www.umsl.edu /~starling/biochem/study/sq-18.htm (313 words)

	Research and Reviews: Swine, Special Circular 185-01
		Refined localization of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha gene (PDHA1) by linkage analysis.
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in starvation, diabetes and exercise.
		Mutations in the X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) a subunit gene (PDHA1) in patients with a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency.
	ohioline.osu.edu /sc185/sc185_13d.html (642 words)

	Engineering of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Bypass in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Role of the Cytosolic Mg2+ and ...
		The ALD6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a cytosolic, Mg2+-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
		A proposal for nomenclature of aldehyde dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterization of the stress-inducible ALD2 and ALD3 genes.
		Identification and disruption of the gene encoding the K+-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/8/3151 (5670 words)

	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Synonyms of Augusta, Georgia
		Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Synonyms of Augusta, Georgia
		It is possible that the main title of the report Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is not the name you expected.
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a rare disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a deficiency of one or more enzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
	www.universityhealth.org /14879.cfm (527 words)

	Autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis -- Jones 53 (11): 813 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology
		The E1 and ß subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are M2"d" and M2"e" autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis.
		Antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase in primary biliary cirrhosis: correlation with histology.
		Inhibition of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity by a distinct population of autoantibodies recognising dehydrolipoamide succinyltransferase in primary biliary cirrhosis.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/53/11/813 (7009 words)

	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase & Krebs Cycle
		The sequence of reactions catalyzed by the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex is summarized in Fig.
		What was the keto carbon of pyruvate is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, as the disulfide of lipoamide is reduced to a dithiol.
		Specific regulatory Kinases and Phosphatases are associated with the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex within the mitochondrial matrix.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/krebs.htm (792 words)

	[No title]
		What was the keto C of pyruvate is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, as the lipoamide disulfide is reduced to a dithiol.
		Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases are activated by NADH & acetyl-CoA, providing another way the 2 major products of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase reaction inhibit the complex.
		Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion to be metabolized further.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/11-krebs.ppt (1243 words)

	[No title]
		Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex is an example of oxidative decarboxylation which means?
		Pyruvate is oxidized as CO2 is removed at the same time.
		E1- Pyruvate Hydrogenase (Vitamin B1) — (sorry, it is dehydrogenase I was wrong in the review) E2 Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase (Lipoic Acid) E3 Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase (FAD) 13. Write the net equation for the PDC reaction. Pyruvate + CoAsh + NAD+ ’!
	eee.uci.edu /programs/biotutor/winter05/98b/vivek_final_ans.doc (632 words)

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